형 객체¶
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type PyTypeObject¶
- Part of the Limited API (as an opaque struct).
내장형을 기술하는 데 사용되는 객체의 C 구조체.
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PyTypeObject PyType_Type¶
- Part of the Stable ABI.
이것은 형 객체의 형 객체입니다; 파이썬 계층의
type과 같은 객체입니다.
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int PyType_Check(PyObject *o)¶
객체 o가 표준형 객체에서 파생된 형의 인스턴스를 포함하여 형 객체면 0이 아닌 값을 반환합니다. 다른 모든 경우 0을 반환합니다. 이 함수는 항상 성공합니다.
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int PyType_CheckExact(PyObject *o)¶
객체 o가 형 객체이지만, 표준형 객체의 서브 형이 아니면 0이 아닌 값을 반환합니다. 다른 모든 경우 0을 반환합니다. 이 함수는 항상 성공합니다.
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unsigned int PyType_ClearCache()¶
- Part of the Stable ABI.
내부 조회 캐시를 지웁니다. 현재의 버전 태그를 반환합니다.
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unsigned long PyType_GetFlags(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI.
Return the
tp_flagsmember of type. This function is primarily meant for use withPy_LIMITED_API; the individual flag bits are guaranteed to be stable across Python releases, but access totp_flagsitself is not part of the limited API.Added in version 3.2.
버전 3.4에서 변경: 반환형은 이제
long이 아니라unsigned long입니다.
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PyObject *PyType_GetDict(PyTypeObject *type)¶
Return the type object’s internal namespace, which is otherwise only exposed via a read-only proxy (
cls.__dict__). This is a replacement for accessingtp_dictdirectly. The returned dictionary must be treated as read-only.This function is meant for specific embedding and language-binding cases, where direct access to the dict is necessary and indirect access (e.g. via the proxy or
PyObject_GetAttr()) isn’t adequate.Extension modules should continue to use
tp_dict, directly or indirectly, when setting up their own types.Added in version 3.12.
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void PyType_Modified(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI.
형과 그것의 모든 서브 형에 대한 내부 검색 캐시를 무효로 합니다. 형의 어트리뷰트나 베이스 클래스를 수동으로 수정한 후에는 이 함수를 호출해야 합니다.
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int PyType_AddWatcher(PyType_WatchCallback callback)¶
Register callback as a type watcher. Return a non-negative integer ID which must be passed to future calls to
PyType_Watch(). In case of error (e.g. no more watcher IDs available), return-1and set an exception.Added in version 3.12.
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int PyType_ClearWatcher(int watcher_id)¶
Clear watcher identified by watcher_id (previously returned from
PyType_AddWatcher()). Return0on success,-1on error (e.g. if watcher_id was never registered.)An extension should never call
PyType_ClearWatcherwith a watcher_id that was not returned to it by a previous call toPyType_AddWatcher().Added in version 3.12.
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int PyType_Watch(int watcher_id, PyObject *type)¶
Mark type as watched. The callback granted watcher_id by
PyType_AddWatcher()will be called wheneverPyType_Modified()reports a change to type. (The callback may be called only once for a series of consecutive modifications to type, if_PyType_Lookup()is not called on type between the modifications; this is an implementation detail and subject to change.)An extension should never call
PyType_Watchwith a watcher_id that was not returned to it by a previous call toPyType_AddWatcher().Added in version 3.12.
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typedef int (*PyType_WatchCallback)(PyObject *type)¶
Type of a type-watcher callback function.
The callback must not modify type or cause
PyType_Modified()to be called on type or any type in its MRO; violating this rule could cause infinite recursion.Added in version 3.12.
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int PyType_HasFeature(PyTypeObject *o, int feature)¶
형 객체 o가 기능 feature를 설정하면 0이 아닌 값을 반환합니다. 형 기능은 단일 비트 플래그로 표시됩니다.
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int PyType_IS_GC(PyTypeObject *o)¶
Return true if the type object includes support for the cycle detector; this tests the type flag
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC.
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int PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI.
a가 b의 서브 형이면 참을 반환합니다.
This function only checks for actual subtypes, which means that
__subclasscheck__()is not called on b. CallPyObject_IsSubclass()to do the same check thatissubclass()would do.
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PyObject *PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)¶
- Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.
형 객체의
tp_alloc슬롯을 위한 일반 처리기. 파이썬의 기본 메모리 할당 메커니즘을 사용하여 새 인스턴스를 할당하고 모든 내용을NULL로 초기화합니다.
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PyObject *PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)¶
- Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.
형 객체의
tp_new슬롯을 위한 일반 처리기. 형의tp_alloc슬롯을 사용하여 새 인스턴스를 만듭니다.
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int PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI.
형 개체를 마무리합니다. 초기화를 완료하려면 모든 형 객체에 대해 이 메서드를 호출해야 합니다. 이 함수는 형의 베이스 클래스에서 상속된 슬롯을 추가합니다. 성공 시
0을 반환하고, 오류 시-1을 반환하고 예외를 설정합니다.참고
If some of the base classes implements the GC protocol and the provided type does not include the
Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GCin its flags, then the GC protocol will be automatically implemented from its parents. On the contrary, if the type being created does includePy_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GCin its flags then it must implement the GC protocol itself by at least implementing thetp_traversehandle.
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PyObject *PyType_GetName(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.11.
Return the type’s name. Equivalent to getting the type’s
__name__attribute.Added in version 3.11.
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PyObject *PyType_GetQualName(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.11.
Return the type’s qualified name. Equivalent to getting the type’s
__qualname__attribute.Added in version 3.11.
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PyObject *PyType_GetFullyQualifiedName(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.13.
Return the type’s fully qualified name. Equivalent to
f"{type.__module__}.{type.__qualname__}", ortype.__qualname__iftype.__module__is not a string or is equal to"builtins".Added in version 3.13.
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PyObject *PyType_GetModuleName(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.13.
Return the type’s module name. Equivalent to getting the
type.__module__attribute.Added in version 3.13.
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void *PyType_GetSlot(PyTypeObject *type, int slot)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.4.
지정된 슬롯에 저장된 함수 포인터를 반환합니다. 결과가
NULL이면, 슬롯이NULL이거나 함수가 유효하지 않은 매개 변수로 호출되었음을 나타냅니다. 호출자는 일반적으로 결과 포인터를 적절한 함수 형으로 캐스팅합니다.slot 인자의 가능한 값은
PyType_Slot.slot을 참조하십시오.Added in version 3.4.
버전 3.10에서 변경:
PyType_GetSlot()can now accept all types. Previously, it was limited to heap types.
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PyObject *PyType_GetModule(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.10.
PyType_FromModuleAndSpec()를 사용하여 형을 만들 때 지정된 형과 관련된 모듈 객체를 반환합니다.주어진 형과 연관된 모듈이 없으면,
TypeError를 설정하고NULL을 반환합니다.This function is usually used to get the module in which a method is defined. Note that in such a method,
PyType_GetModule(Py_TYPE(self))may not return the intended result.Py_TYPE(self)may be a subclass of the intended class, and subclasses are not necessarily defined in the same module as their superclass. SeePyCMethodto get the class that defines the method. SeePyType_GetModuleByDef()for cases whenPyCMethodcannot be used.Added in version 3.9.
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void *PyType_GetModuleState(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.10.
주어진 형과 관련된 모듈 객체의 상태를 반환합니다.
PyType_GetModule()결과에PyModule_GetState()를 호출하는 바로 가기입니다.주어진 형과 연관된 모듈이 없으면,
TypeError를 설정하고NULL을 반환합니다.type에 연관된 모듈이 있지만, 상태가
NULL이면, 예외를 설정하지 않고NULL을 반환합니다.Added in version 3.9.
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PyObject *PyType_GetModuleByDef(PyTypeObject *type, struct PyModuleDef *def)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.13.
Find the first superclass whose module was created from the given
PyModuleDefdef, and return that module.If no module is found, raises a
TypeErrorand returnsNULL.This function is intended to be used together with
PyModule_GetState()to get module state from slot methods (such astp_initornb_add) and other places where a method’s defining class cannot be passed using thePyCMethodcalling convention.Added in version 3.11.
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int PyUnstable_Type_AssignVersionTag(PyTypeObject *type)¶
- This is Unstable API. It may change without warning in minor releases.
Attempt to assign a version tag to the given type.
Returns 1 if the type already had a valid version tag or a new one was assigned, or 0 if a new tag could not be assigned.
Added in version 3.12.
힙에 할당된 형 만들기¶
다음 함수와 구조체는 힙 형을 만드는 데 사용됩니다.
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PyObject *PyType_FromMetaclass(PyTypeObject *metaclass, PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)¶
- Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.12.
Create and return a heap type from the spec (see
Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE).The metaclass metaclass is used to construct the resulting type object. When metaclass is
NULL, the metaclass is derived from bases (or Py_tp_base[s] slots if bases isNULL, see below).Metaclasses that override
tp_neware not supported, except iftp_newisNULL. (For backwards compatibility, otherPyType_From*functions allow such metaclasses. They ignoretp_new, which may result in incomplete initialization. This is deprecated and in Python 3.14+ such metaclasses will not be supported.)The bases argument can be used to specify base classes; it can either be only one class or a tuple of classes. If bases is
NULL, the Py_tp_bases slot is used instead. If that also isNULL, the Py_tp_base slot is used instead. If that also isNULL, the new type derives fromobject.The module argument can be used to record the module in which the new class is defined. It must be a module object or
NULL. If notNULL, the module is associated with the new type and can later be retrieved withPyType_GetModule(). The associated module is not inherited by subclasses; it must be specified for each class individually.이 함수는 새로운 형에
PyType_Ready()를 호출합니다.Note that this function does not fully match the behavior of calling
type()or using theclassstatement. With user-provided base types or metaclasses, prefer callingtype(or the metaclass) overPyType_From*functions. Specifically:__new__()is not called on the new class (and it must be set totype.__new__).__init__()is not called on the new class.__init_subclass__()is not called on any bases.__set_name__()is not called on new descriptors.
Added in version 3.12.
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PyObject *PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)¶
- Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.10.
Equivalent to
PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, module, spec, bases).Added in version 3.9.
버전 3.10에서 변경: The function now accepts a single class as the bases argument and
NULLas thetp_docslot.버전 3.12에서 변경: The function now finds and uses a metaclass corresponding to the provided base classes. Previously, only
typeinstances were returned.The
tp_newof the metaclass is ignored. which may result in incomplete initialization. Creating classes whose metaclass overridestp_newis deprecated and in Python 3.14+ it will be no longer allowed.
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PyObject *PyType_FromSpecWithBases(PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)¶
- Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI since version 3.3.
Equivalent to
PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, bases).Added in version 3.3.
버전 3.12에서 변경: The function now finds and uses a metaclass corresponding to the provided base classes. Previously, only
typeinstances were returned.The
tp_newof the metaclass is ignored. which may result in incomplete initialization. Creating classes whose metaclass overridestp_newis deprecated and in Python 3.14+ it will be no longer allowed.
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PyObject *PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec *spec)¶
- Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.
Equivalent to
PyType_FromMetaclass(NULL, NULL, spec, NULL).버전 3.12에서 변경: The function now finds and uses a metaclass corresponding to the base classes provided in Py_tp_base[s] slots. Previously, only
typeinstances were returned.The
tp_newof the metaclass is ignored. which may result in incomplete initialization. Creating classes whose metaclass overridestp_newis deprecated and in Python 3.14+ it will be no longer allowed.
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type PyType_Spec¶
- Part of the Stable ABI (including all members).
형의 행동을 정의하는 구조체.
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const char *name¶
형의 이름,
PyTypeObject.tp_name을 설정하는 데 사용됩니다.
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int basicsize¶
If positive, specifies the size of the instance in bytes. It is used to set
PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize.If zero, specifies that
tp_basicsizeshould be inherited.If negative, the absolute value specifies how much space instances of the class need in addition to the superclass. Use
PyObject_GetTypeData()to get a pointer to subclass-specific memory reserved this way.버전 3.12에서 변경: Previously, this field could not be negative.
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int itemsize¶
Size of one element of a variable-size type, in bytes. Used to set
PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize. Seetp_itemsizedocumentation for caveats.If zero,
tp_itemsizeis inherited. Extending arbitrary variable-sized classes is dangerous, since some types use a fixed offset for variable-sized memory, which can then overlap fixed-sized memory used by a subclass. To help prevent mistakes, inheritingitemsizeis only possible in the following situations:The base is not variable-sized (its
tp_itemsize).The requested
PyType_Spec.basicsizeis positive, suggesting that the memory layout of the base class is known.The requested
PyType_Spec.basicsizeis zero, suggesting that the subclass does not access the instance’s memory directly.With the
Py_TPFLAGS_ITEMS_AT_ENDflag.
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unsigned int flags¶
형 플래그,
PyTypeObject.tp_flags를 설정하는 데 사용됩니다.Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE플래그가 설정되어 있지 않으면,PyType_FromSpecWithBases()가 자동으로 플래그를 설정합니다.
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PyType_Slot *slots¶
PyType_Slot구조체의 배열. 특수 슬롯값{0, NULL}에 의해 종료됩니다.Each slot ID should be specified at most once.
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const char *name¶
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type PyType_Slot¶
- Part of the Stable ABI (including all members).
형의 선택적 기능을 정의하는 구조체, 슬롯 ID와 값 포인터를 포함합니다.
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int slot¶
슬롯 ID.
슬롯 ID는 구조체
PyTypeObject,PyNumberMethods,PySequenceMethods,PyMappingMethods및PyAsyncMethods의 필드 이름에Py_접두사를 붙인 이름을 사용합니다. 예를 들어, :PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc을 설정하는Py_tp_deallocPyNumberMethods.nb_add를 설정하는Py_nb_addPySequenceMethods.sq_length를 설정하는Py_sq_length
The following “offset” fields cannot be set using
PyType_Slot:tp_weaklistoffset(usePy_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_WEAKREFinstead if possible)tp_dictoffset(usePy_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICTinstead if possible)tp_vectorcall_offset(use"__vectorcalloffset__"in PyMemberDef)
If it is not possible to switch to a
MANAGEDflag (for example, for vectorcall or to support Python older than 3.12), specify the offset inPy_tp_members. See PyMemberDef documentation for details.The following fields cannot be set at all when creating a heap type:
tp_vectorcall(usetp_newand/ortp_init)Internal fields:
tp_dict,tp_mro,tp_cache,tp_subclasses, andtp_weaklist.
Setting
Py_tp_basesorPy_tp_basemay be problematic on some platforms. To avoid issues, use the bases argument ofPyType_FromSpecWithBases()instead.버전 3.9에서 변경: Slots in
PyBufferProcsmay be set in the unlimited API.버전 3.11에서 변경:
bf_getbufferandbf_releasebufferare now available under the limited API.
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void *pfunc¶
슬롯의 원하는 값입니다. 대부분 이것은 함수에 대한 포인터입니다.
Slots other than
Py_tp_docmay not beNULL.
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int slot¶