Mobile phone penetration in Europe based on available data between 2009 and 2012:
  > 140%
  120–140%
  100–120%
  < 100%
  No data

A mobile network operator or MNO also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier is a provider of wireless communications services.

The main MNOs in Europe are listed below.

Albania

Albania as per Q1 2021 has 3.66 million subscribers, of whom 2.49 million are active users (101% penetration rate). An active user is one who has communicated in the last three months.[1]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Albania is the AKEP.

In 2022 4iG group, owning ONE Telecommunications, acquired a majority stake of ALBtelecom Mobile, 80.27%,[2] to a network merger in 2023.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1One Albania
• Includes the former ALBtelecom Mobile network.[3]		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz

LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE

 1.914 (Q3 2021) Antenna Hungária[4][5] 27601
27603
2Vodafone AlbaniaGSM-900/1800 MHz
(GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE 3600 MHz/3700 MHz 5G NR testing		 1.888 (Q3 2023)Vodafone Group plc (99.9%) 27602

Andorra

Andorra has 88,109 mobile subscribers[6] or about 113.63% mobile penetration.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Andorra Telecom
(formerly Servei de Telecomunicacions d'Andorra)		900/1800 MHz GPRS
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2100 MHz
LTE-LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.088[7] (2021)Government of Andorra[8] 21303

Armenia

As of 2017, Armenia has 3.5 million subscribers in total, and a 120% penetration rate.[9]

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership
1VIVA-MTSGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA)
LTE, LTE-A, 5G, VoLTE, VoWiFi
LTE-1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE)		 2.2 (Q1 2022)[10] MTS
2Team Telecom ArmeniaGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA)
LTE-LTE-A (900 MHz, 1800 MHz)		 1.0 (November 2017) Telecom Armenia CJSC
3UcomGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) UMTS, HSDPA
LTE-LTE-A -1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE)		 0.933 (December 2017) Ucom

Austria

Austria has 13.0 million assigned numbers (i.e. 2.0 2G, 10.8 3G and 0.1 4G SIM cards), or a 151.0% penetration rate (Q4 2014).[11]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Austria is the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1A1GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		5.148 (including yesss!) (Q3 2022)[12]A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil)(56.55%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (15.03%).		 23201
2Magenta Telekom
(formerly T-Mobile, max.mobil)		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+

(roams on 3's UMTS network where no UMTS)


800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/3500 MHz 5G NR

 4.557 (Q2 2022)[13]Deutsche Telekom AG 23203
3Drei
• Includes the previous Orange network.		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
(roams on Magenta Telekom's GSM network when needed)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		3.222 (Q3 2022)[14]CK Hutchison Holdings 23205
4 spusu Uses Drei's 2G/3G/4G

(own LTE network in plans)

3500 MHz 5G NR (network in parts of Burgenland and Lower Austria only for now, building out the network in progress)

 ~0.300 (Q3 2022) MASS Response 23217

Azerbaijan

In December 2005, Azerbaijan had 2 million subscribers in total, a 25% penetration rate. In 2014, Azerbaijan had over 10 million subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1AzercellGSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE		4.417[15] (April 2013)AzInTelecom (state-owned company) 40001
2BakcellGSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE[16]		3.4Neqsol Holding 40002
3NarGSM 1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE		2.1 (March 2014)Azerfon LLC 40004
4Nakhtel (operating in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic)GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
CDMA 800		 Nakhtel LLC 40006

Belarus

Belarus had 12.0 million subscribers in total, or a 126% penetration rate in Q4 of 2020.

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belarus is the Ministry of Communications and Informatization.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1MTSGSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE		5.7 (Q1 2022)[10]Beltelecom (51%)
MTS (49%)		 25702
2A1
(formerly velcom)		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
 4.889 (Q2 2022)[17]A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil)(51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%).		 25701
3LifeGSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		1.5 (Q2 2022)[18]Turkcell 25704

Belgium

Belgium has 13.89 million subscribers in total, or a 124% penetration rate[19] (Q4 2014).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belgium is the Belgian Institute for Postal services and Telecommunications (BIPT).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Proximus
(formerly Belgacom)		900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		5.320[20]Proximus Group N.V./S.A.
(Government of Belgium 53.3%)		 20601
2Orange
(formerly Mobistar, OBE)		900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi		5.538 (Q1 2023)[21]Orange S.A. (76.97%), others (23.03%) 20610
3Base
900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 2.952 (Q3 2021)[22]Telenet Group N.V./S.A.
(Liberty Global 100%)		 20620

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In December 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina had 3.811 million subscribers in total,[23] or a 115% penetration rate.

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Communications Regulatory Agency (Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije, RAK).[24]

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
in million		Ownership MCC / MNC
1BH Mobile

(formerly GSM-BIH)

 GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE

VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)

5G NR (in development)

 1.577 (Q2 2023) Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (90%), free float (10%) 21890
2m:tel

(formerly MOBI'S)

 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE),
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro

VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)

 1.273 (Q2 2023)Telekom Srbija 21805
3HT ERONET

(formerly HTmobile)

 GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE),
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro

VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)

5G NR (in development)

0.834 (Q2 2023)Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (50.10%), Hrvatski Telekom (39.10%), Hrvatska pošta (5.23%), free float (5.27%) 21803

Bulgaria

Bulgaria has 7 964 361 subscribers in total, or a 123.5% penetration rate according to the CRC annual report for 2022.[25]

The regulatory authority for Telecommunication in Bulgaria is the Communications Regulation Commission (CRC).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers[26]

(in millions)

 CoverageOwnership MCC / MNC
1A1
(formerly Mtel, Mobiltel)		GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		2.918 (Q4 2022) LinkA1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil)(51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%)		 28401
2Yettel
(formerly Telenor, Globul)		GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM
700/2600/3600 MHz 5G NR		2.559 (Q4 2022) LinkPPF 28405
3Vivacom
(formerly Vivatel)		GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM
1800/3600 MHz 5G NR		2.486 (Q4 2022) LinkUnited Group 28403

Croatia

Croatia has 4,404,652 subscribers in total, or a 102.8% penetration rate. (4Q 2019)[27]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Croatia is the Hrvatska agencija za poštu i elektronicke komunikacije (website available in Croatian and English language).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Hrvatski Telekom
(formerly T-Mobile, HTmobile, HT CRONET)		GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM (postpaid only)
2100/3500 MHz - 5G NR		2.326 (Q3 2021)[13]Deutsche Telekom AG (51.7%) 21901
2A1
(formerly Vip, Vipnet)		GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)
700/3600 MHz - 5G NR		1.990 (Q3 2021)[12]A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil (51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%))		 21910
3Telemach
(formerly Tele2)		 GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A

700/3400-3800 MHz - 5G NR eSIM (postpaid only) (roaming on Hrvatski Telekom 2G and 3G when no coverage)

 0.923 (Q1 2021)[29]United Group 21902

Cyprus

Cyprus has 1,392,480 subscribers in total, or a 151.7% penetration rate (excludes Northern Cyprus).[30]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Cyprus (excluding Northern Cyprus) is OCECPR (Office of the Commissioner of Electronic Communications and Postal Regulation).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
Mobile network operators in Cyprus (excludes Northern Cyprus)
1Cytamobile-Vodafone900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3600 MHz 5G NR[31]		0.710 (Q4 2022)[30][32]Cyprus Telecommunications Authority (CYTA)
(Government of Cyprus 100%)		 28001
2Epic
(formerly MTN, Areeba)		900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		0.440 (Q4 2022)[30][33]Monaco Telecom SAM 28010
3PrimeTel900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
900/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
(2G roaming on Cyta when needed)		0.150 (Q4 2022)[30]PrimeTel PLC 28020
4Cablenet
(Formerly Lemontel, as MVNO on Cyta)		800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
(2G/3G roaming on Cyta when needed)		0.093 (Q4 2022)[30]Cablenet Communications Systems PLC
(GO Malta 63.4%)		 28022
Mobile network operators operating only in Northern Cyprus
1Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+[34]		 0.576 (Q2 2023)[35]Turkcell A.Ş. 28601
2Telsim Vodafone900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+[36]		0.382 (Q2 2023)[35]Vodafone Turkey A.Ş. 28602

Czechia

The Czech Republic has 16.121 million subscribers in total, or a 151% penetration rate (December 2019).[37]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in the Czech Republic is the Český telekomunikační úřad.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1T-Mobile
(formerly Paegas)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
1800/2100 MHz - 5G NR		6.497 (Q3 2023)[13]Deutsche Telekom AG 23001
2O2
(formerly Eurotel, Český Telecom and Telefónica O2) 		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
1800/3500 MHz - 5G NR		5.987 (Q2 2021)[38]PPF N.V. 23002
3Vodafone
(formerly Oskar)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100/3500 5GNR		3.991 (Q3 2023)[39]Vodafone Group plc 23003

Denmark

Denmark has 8.208 million subscribers in total, or a 146% penetration rate[40] (June 2014).

In 2011, Denmark liquidated IT- og Telestyrelsen, it's telecommunications regulator.[41][42] Former regulator's tasks are divided among four institutions:[43]

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1TDCGSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/2600 MHz[44] LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		3.157 (Q3 2021)[45]TDC 23801
2Telenor
(formerly Sonofon)		900/1800 GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
VoLTE

(shares network with Telia)
3500 MHz - 5G NR

 1.689 (Q3 2023)[46]Telenor 23802
3Telia900/1800 GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE

(shares network with Telenor)

1.620 (Q4 2021)[47]Telia Company 23820
43900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
VoWiFi
(Roams on TDC's GSM / UMTS / LTE network where 3 does not reach)		1.524 (Q3 2022)[14]CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%) 23806

Estonia

Estonia has 2.524 million subscribers in total, or a 188% penetration rate[48] (December 2008).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Telia

(formerly EMT)

 GSM-900/1800 (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		1.191 (Q4 2021)[47]Telia Company 24801
2Elisa
(formerly Radiolinja)		GSM-900/1800 (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE		0.684 (Q3 2021)[49]Elisa 24802
3Tele2

(formerly Q-GSM)

 GSM-900/1800 (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2100 MHz LTE		0.437 (Q4 2021)[50]Tele2 24803

Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands have 61,388 subscribers, or a 126% penetration rate (population 48,652)[51] (2020). The regulatory authority for telecommunication in the Faroe Islands is Fjarskiftiseftirlitið.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Føroya TeleGSM-900
900/2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE		0.045 (74%)Government of Faroe Islands 28801
2Nema
(foormerly Hey, Vodafone, Kall)		GSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE		0.013 (25%)Nema 28802
3TosaGSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE		0.0 (0%)Tosa 28803

Finland

Finland has 7.700 million subscribers in total, or a 144.59% penetration rate[25] (December 2009).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Elisa
(formerly Radiolinja)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		4.239 (Q3 2021)[49]Elisa 24405
24406
24421
2Telia
(formerly Telecom Finland, Sonera)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		3.234 (Q4 2021)[47]Telia Company 24420
24436 (SYV)
24491
3DNAGSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz - 5G NR		2.699 (Q4 2021)[46]Telenor 24403
24404
24412
24413
24436 (SYV)
4Ålcom
(formerly ÅMT / Ålands Mobiltelefon)		GSM-900 MHz (EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		Not yet availableMariehamns Telefon, Ålands Telefonandelslag 24414

France

France has 75.5 million subscribers in total, or a 115.2% penetration rate (September 2015).[52]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in France is ARCEP.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Orange
(formerly Orange-Itineris, Itineris)		900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 24.775 (Q3 2021)[21]Orange S.A. 20801
2SFR900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 20.769 (Q4 2022)[53] Altice (80.4%), free float (19.6%)[54] 20810
3Bouygues Telecom900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi		 14.941 (Q3 2021)[55]Bouygues Group (90.53%) 20820
4Free Mobile900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (Roaming on Orange 2G/3G when needed, limited to 384 kbit/s download, 384 kbit/s upload)
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE		 13.486 (Q3 2021)[56]Iliad S.A. 20815

Georgia

As of March 2023, Georgia has 5,369,908 subscribers in total. The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Georgia is the Georgian National Communications Commission.[57][58]

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1MagticomGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE Advanced
VoLTE		2.240 (March 2023)[59]International Tellcell LLC 28202
2Silknet
(formerly Geocell)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, CDMA2000, EVDO Rev. A
2300 MHz TD-LTE, LTE Advanced, LTE Advanced Pro
800/900/1800 MHz LTE

5G–2100MHz (Only in central Tbilisi from Freedom Square to Bagebi)

 1.791 (March 2023)[59]Silk Road Group 28201
3Cellfie
(formerly Beeline)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE Advanced, 5G – Currently in skiing resorts Bakuriani and Gudauri, as well as Tbilisi's two neighbourhoods of Didube and Didi Dighomi on 700MHz and 3400-3600MHz. Cellfie also owns licenses for 2100MHz and 2600MHz.		1.331 (March 2023)[59]CBS Group 28204

Germany

Germany has 114.1 million subscribers in total, or a 140% penetration rate[25] (December 2011). The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Germany is the Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Telekom
(formerly D1 DeTeMobil, T-Mobile)		900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE)
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR		 56.067 (Q1 2023)[13]Deutsche Telekom AG 26201
2O2
(formerly VIAG Interkom)
• Includes the previous E-Plus network.		900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR		44.363 (Q1 2023)[60]Telefónica S.A. (69.2%), free float (30.8%) 26203
3Vodafone
(formerly D2 Mannesmann, Vodafone D2)		900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR		 30.704 (Q3 2023)[39]Vodafone Group plc 26202
41&1
(formerly 1&1 Versatel MVNO)		2600 MHz LTE, VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		 United Internet 26223

Gibraltar

Gibraltar, the British overseas territory, has 0.028 million subscribers in total, or a 92.12% penetration rate[25] (December 2009).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1GibtelecomGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		0.022 Government of Gibraltar 26601

Greece

In 2020, Greece had 11,412,995 subscribers in total, or a 109% penetration rate.[61] The regulatory authority for telecommunications in Greece is the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1COSMOTE900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 7.373 (Q2 2023)[62] OTE A.E.
(Deutsche Telekom AG 52.3%)		 20201, 20202
2Vodafone
(formerly Panafon)
• Includes the previous CYTA Hellas network.		900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		4.266 (Q3 2023)[39] Vodafone Group (100%) 20205 (Vodafone), 20214 (CYTA Hellas)
3NOVA
(formerly TELESTET, TIM, WIND)
• Includes the previous Q-TELECOM network.		900/1800 GSM (EDGE)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		3.700 (Q2 2021)[63] United Group B.V. 20209 (Q-TELECOM), 20210 (NOVA)

Guernsey

The British Crown dependency Guernsey has 0.055 million subscribers in total, or a 95% penetration rate (December 2005).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1SureGSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
LTE		Not yet availableBatelco 23455
2JTGSM-1800
2100 MHz UMTS		Not yet availableJT Group 23450
3Airtel-VodafoneGSM-1800
2100 MHz UMTS		Not yet availableBharti Airtel (50%), Vodafone (50%) 23403

Hungary

Hungary has 11.8 million subscribers in total[64] (December 2017).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Hungary is NMHH – Nemzeti Média-, és Hírközlési Hatóság.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Magyar Telekom
(formerly Westel 900, Westel, T-Mobile)		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi

(LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Yettel)
2100/3600 MHz 5G NR

 5.582 (Q3 2021)[13]Deutsche Telekom AG (59.21%), Free Float (40.79%)[65] 21630
2Yettel
(formerly Pannon GSM, Pannon, Telenor)		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ *
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE

(LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Telekom)
2100/3600 MHz 5G NR

 3.449 (Q2 2021)[38]PPF 21601
3Vodafone
• Includes the previous UPC Hungary and DIGI Mobile networks.		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		 3.055 (Q3 2021)[39] 4iG (70.5%) and Government of Hungary (29.5%)[66] 21670

*900 MHz 3G closed in 07.2022, in process of shutting down 2100 MHz, complete shutdown expected in 2023.

Iceland

Iceland has 0.470 million subscribers in total, or a 129.19% penetration rate[25] (July 2019).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Iceland is Póst- og fjarskiptastofnun.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Síminn
(formerly Landssíminn)		GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS
700/1800/2600 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3600 MHz 5G NR		0.173[67] (July 2019)Síminn 27401
2Nova2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
1800 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz 5G NR		0.155[67] (July 2019)Nova 27411
3Vodafone
(formerly Og Vodafone, Íslandssími)		GSM-900/1800 MHz
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz 5G NR		0.130[67] (July 2019)Sýn 27402

Ireland

At the end of March 2022 Ireland had 8.117 million mobile subscribers in total, representing a 158.4% penetration rate.

If mobile broadband and M2M subscriptions are excluded, the total number of mobile subscribers was 5.414 million, representing a 105.6% penetration rate.[68]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Ireland is the Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Three
• Includes the previous O2 network		 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence)
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML		 3.447 (Q2 2022)[14]
1.618 (excluding MBB and M2M) (Q1 2022)		CK Hutchison Holdings 27205 (Three), 27202 (O2)
2Vodafone
(formerly Eircell)		 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC‑HSPA+ *
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence)
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS, AML

* shutdown beginning 02.2023

 2.130 (Q3 2023)[39]Vodafone Group plc 27201
3eir
(formerly Meteor)		 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence)
1800/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML		 1.233 (Q1 2022)
1.164 (excluding MBB and M2M) (Q1 2022)		Iliad (31.6%), NJJ (32.9%)[69] 27203

Isle of Man

The British Crown dependency Isle of Man has an unknown number of subscribers in total and an unknown percentage penetration rate.

RankOperatorTechnology Subscribers (in millions) Ownership MCC / MNC
1Manx TelecomGSM-900
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800 MHz LTE		 Not yet availableBasalt Investment Partners 23458
2SureGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS

800/1800 MHzLTE, LTE-A

 Not yet available Batelco 23436

Italy

As of March 2022, Italy has 106.5 million active lines in total, of which 78 million are human ones, or a 174% penetration rate.[70] The country's telecom regulator is AGCOM.

In 2016 Wind and 3 Italy agreed to complete a merger that was approved by European and national authorities and, since March 2020, all consumer and business offers are sold under the new brand Wind Tre. A new operator, Iliad, entered the Italian market in May 2018 as a consequence of this merger.[71]

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(human lines in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Wind Tre

(formerly Wind and 3 Italy)

 900 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1800/2600/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML		18.817 (Q4 2022)[14]
(Includes Very Mobile)		CK Hutchison Holdings 22288 and 22299
2TIM

(formerly SIP)

 900 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML		18.438 (Q4 2022)[72]
(Includes Kena Mobile)		Telecom Italia 22201
3Vodafone

(formerly Omnitel)

 900 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, AML		17.674 (Q3 2023)[39]
(Includes ho-mobile)		Vodafone Group 22210
4Iliad Roaming on Wind 2G
900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
(RAN sharing on Wind 3G/4G where needed)
700/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR
AML		9.567 (Q4 2022)[56]Iliad Group 22250
5FASTWEB Roaming on Wind Tre 2G/3G/4G/5G
28000 MHz 5G NR (FWA only)
VoLTE, AML		3.087 (Q4 2022)[73]Swisscom 22208

Jersey

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1JTGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE		Not yet availableJT Group 23450
2SureGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS		Not yet availableBatelco 23455
3Airtel-VodafoneGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS		Not yet availableBharti Airtel (50%), Vodafone (50%) 23403

Kosovo

Kosovo has 1.88 million subscribers in total, or a 103.47% penetration rate[74] (June 2018). As of February 2023, Vala and Ipko have been awarded with 5G licenses and are currently under deployment.[75]

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in %)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1ValaGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A

800/3600 MHz 5G NR (under deployment)

 51.95%[76] (Q2 2018)Government of Kosovo 22101
2IpkoGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A

800/3600 5G NR (under deployment)

 36.07%[77] (Q2 2018)Telekom Slovenije 22102

Latvia

Latvia has 2.243 million subscribers in total, or a 99.72% penetration rate[25] (December 2009).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1LMTGSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1500/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3500 MHz 5G NR

VoLTE

 1.347 (Q4 2021)[47]Republic of Latvia and related (51%), Telia (49%) 24701
2Tele2GSM-900/1800 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.993 (Q4 2021)[50]Tele2 24702
3BiteGSM-900 MHz
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.467[78] (September 2012)Providence Equity Partners 24705
4Triatel450 MHz CDMA2000[79] 24703
5XomobileInternational mobile network based in Latvia[80] 24709

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein has 0.039 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate[25] (April 2015).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1FL1
(formerly Mobilkom Liechtenstein AG)		GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
800 MHz LTE		Not yet availableState-owned 29505
27acht
(formerly Orange FL)		GSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
1800 MHz LTE		Not yet availableSalt Mobile SA 29502
3Swisscom FLGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS
900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
VoLTE		Not yet availableSwisscom 29501

The Liechtenstein mobile phone system is attached to Switzerland, and customers of these three providers can roam on Swiss networks without additional fees.

Lithuania

Lithuania has 3.826 million subscribers in total, or a 137% penetration rate (Q4 2022).[81]

The regulator is Ryšių Reguliavimo Tarnyba (RRT).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Tele2 (Pildyk)GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE

VoLTE, VoWIFI

700 Mhz, 3500 Mhz 5G NR

 1.765 (Q4 2022)Tele2 24603
2Telia (Ezys; Telia Extra, Interselas)
(formerly Omnitel, Teo LT)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1500*1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE,VoWIFI

700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR

 1.124 (Q4 2022)Telia Company 24601
3Bitė (Labas, Teledema, Magnetukas)GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2300/2500/2600 MHz LTE

VoLTE
2300 MHz - 5G NR

 0.859 (Q4 2022)Providence Equity Partners 24602
4Mezon2300/2500/2600 MHz LTE / 5G NR[82][83]0.097 (~2% May 2020)Bitė Lietuva (was SC Lithuanian Radio and Television Centre - state owned) 24608

Luxembourg

Luxembourg has 719,000 subscribers in total, or a 148% penetration rate[25] (December 2009).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1OrangeGSM-1800 (EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.225 (Q4 2022)Orange S.A. 27099
2TangoGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.295 (Q4 2022)Proximus Group 27077
3POSTGSM-900/1800
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
1800 MHz LTE
3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.250 POST Luxembourg 27001
4Luxembourg Online2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPANot yet availableLuxembourg Online 27005

Malta

Malta has 0.702 million subscribers in total, or a 130.19% penetration rate[84] (June 2023).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Epic
(formerly Vodafone Malta and Telecell)		GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.278[39] (June 2023)Monaco Telecom 27801
2GO
(formerly MALTACOM)		GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.251[84] (June 2023)Dubai Holding (40%), public (60%) 27821
3Melita2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro
3500 MHz - 5G NR		0.173[84] (June 2023)EQT Partners 27877

Moldova

Moldova has 4.263 million subscribers in total, or a 120% penetration rate[85] (2012).

The country's telecommunications regulator is ANRCETI.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1OrangeGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE		2.097 (Q3 2021)[21]Orange S.A. (94.3%) 25901
2MoldcellGSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE		1.4 (2020)[86]CG Corp Global[87] 25902
3Moldtelecom450 MHz CDMA2000, EVDO Rev. A
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A		0.459 (2020)[86]Moldtelecom 25903,25905,25999
4Interdnestrcom
operating in Transnistria region only		800 MHz CDMA2000, EVDO Rev. A[88]
800 MHz LTE[89]		0.291 (2012)[90]Sheriff 25906

Monaco

Monaco has 0.023 million subscribers on the Monaco Telecom network, or a 70.1% penetration rate[25] (December 2009). The French networks are also widely available in Monaco, but they do not disclose subscriber figures for Monaco.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Monaco Telecom900 MHz GSM
900/2100 MHz UMTS
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE
3500 MHz 5G NR		0.021NJJ Capital/Xavier Niel 55%, Société Nationale de Financement 45% 21210

Montenegro

Montenegro has 1,097,574 subscribers in total, or a 177.02% penetration rate (October 2013).[91]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Montenegro is Agencija za elektronske komunikacije i poštansku djelatnost.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in %) [92]		Ownership MCC / MNC
1m:telGSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE		37% (Feb 2023)51% Telekom Srbija, 49% Telekom Srpske 29703
2Crnogorski TelekomGSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		35% (Feb 2023)Hrvatski Telekom (76.53%) (Deutsche Telekom AG 60.49%), free float (23.47%) 29702
3One MontenegroGSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		28% (Feb 2023)Antenna Hungária[5] 29701

Netherlands

The Netherlands has 22.12 million subscribers in total, or a 125.7% penetration rate[93] (Q1 2023).

The regulatory authorities for telecommunication in the Netherlands are the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM: Autoriteit Consument & Markt) and the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (RDI: Rijksdienst Digitale Infrastructuur).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Odido
(formerly T-Mobile, Ben, Dutchtone)
• Includes the previous Tele2 and Orange networks.		900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/3500* MHz 5G NR
*test license only
**2G discontinued as of 1 June 2023, with the last sites deactivated on 30 December 2023[94][95][96]
***detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website[97]		6.853 (Q2 2021)[98]WP/AP Telecom Holdings IV B.V.
(Warburg Pincus 50%, Apax Partners 50%)		 20416 and 20402
2KPN
• Includes the previous Telfort network.		900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/2100*/3500** MHz 5G NR
*indoor small cells only, using DSS
**test license only
450 MHz CDMA (Smart meters only)
***detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website[99]		5.563 (Q3 2021)[100]Koninklijke KPN N.V. 20408
3Vodafone
(formerly Libertel)		900/1800* MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
*Only active on sites without low-band spectrum.
700/800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
700/1800** MHz 5G NR
**using Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)
***detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website[101]		5.560 (Q4 2022)[39]VodafoneZiggo Group Holding B.V.
(Vodafone 50%, Liberty Global 50%)		 20404

North Macedonia

North Macedonia has 2.299 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate.[102]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in North Macedonia is AEK.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Telekom
(formerly T-Mobile, MOBIMAK)		GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE,
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		1.211 (Q3 2021)[103]Magyar Telekom (59.21%) (Deutsche Telekom AG 60.49%) 29401
2A1
(formerly one, Vip, Cosmofon)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A , VoLTE,
700/3600 MHz 5G NR		1.084 (Q2 2021)[12]A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil (51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%))		 29403

Norway

Norway has 5.730 million subscribers in total, or a 108.97% penetration rate[25] (December 2016).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Norway is the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1TelenorGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
(2G to be discontinued in 2025)[104]
3G discontinued in January 2021[104]
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		2.669 (Q3 2023)[46]Telenor

Government of Norway (54%)

 24201
2Telia
(formerly NetCom)
• Includes the previous Tele2 network.		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
3G discontinued in November 2021[105]
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/3500 MHz 5G NR		2.440 (Q3 2023)[47]Telia Company 24202
3Ice
(formerly Ice.net)		 450/700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE
(Roams on Telia's network where there is no coverage)
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		0.694 (Q4 2021)[106]Lyse AS[107] 24214, 24206

Poland

Poland has 54.1 million subscribers in total (Q4 2020).[108]

The country's telecom regulator is UKE (Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Orange
(formerly Idea)		GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+)
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi

(shares network with T-Mobile)

 17.640 (Q3 2023)[21]Orange S.A. (50.67%), free float (49.33%) 26003
2PlayE-GSM/GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+)
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi (for supported iOS/Android devices)
(Roaming 2G/3G/LTE on Orange Poland* network)
* available till 2025, on some areas already inactive.		16.794 (Q3 2022)[56]Iliad S.A. 26006
3Plus
(formerly Plus GSM)		CDMA 420 MHz
GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+)
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/2600 MHz 5G NR TDD
VoLTE, VoWiFi		13.341 (Q3 2022)[109]Cyfrowy Polsat S.A. 26001
4T-Mobile
(formerly Era)		GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi

(shares network with Orange)

 12.545 (Q3 2023)[13]Deutsche Telekom AG 26002

Portugal

Portugal has 17.6 million subscribers in total, or a 170.5% penetration rate (13.1 million active subscribers or 127.4% penetration rate)[110] (Q3 2017).

The country's telecom regulator is ANACOM.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1MEO
(formerly TMN)		GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3600 MHz 5G NR		6.147 (Q3 2021)[111]Altice 26806
2NOS
(formerly Optimus)		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE
700/3500 MHz 5G NR		5.209 (Q3 2021)[112]NOS 26803
3Vodafone
(formerly Telecel)		GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE
3500 MHz 5G NR		4.712 (Q3 2023)[39]Vodafone Group plc 26801

Romania

Romania has 23.2 million active subscribers in total, or a 122% penetration rate (2022).[113] The country's telcom regulator is ANCOM.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Orange
(formerly Dialog)		GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		9.7 (Q3 2023)[21]Orange S.A. 22610
2Vodafone
(formerly Connex)		GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi
2100/3500 MHz 5G NR		8.601 (Q2 2023)[39]Vodafone Group plc 22601
3DigiGSM-900 (GPRS)
800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2100/2600 MHz 5G
3500 MHz 5G NR		5.625 (Q3 2023)[114] RCS&RDS 22605
4Telekom
(formerly Cosmorom, Cosmote) 		GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
2100 Mhz 5G		 3.9 (Q3 2023)[62](OTE)Deutsche Telekom AG (53%) 22603

Russia

The country's telecom regulator is Roskomnadzor (RKN).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership Mobile country code
1MTSGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, VoLTE
1800/2100/2600/4700 MHz 5G NR		80.0 (Q1 2022)[10]Sistema (42.08%), free float (41.11%)[115] 25001
2MegaFonGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		74.2 (Q3 2021)[116]USM Holdings (50%), AF Telecom Holdings (50%)[117] 25002
3BeelineGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		50.6 (Q3 2021)[118]Veon 25099
4Tele2 RussiaGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE
CDMA2000 1x, 450 MHz
450 MHz LTE (as Skylink)
CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev. A, 450 MHz
NMT - 450i, 450 MHz		46.6 (Q3 2021)[119]Rostelecom 25020

San Marino

San Marino has 0.037 million subscribers in total, or a 116.95% penetration rate[25] (December 2013).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1 Telecom Italia San Marino GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		 Telecom Italia (0.0001%), Telecom Italia Sparkle (99.9999%) 22201
2Telefonia Mobile SammarineseGSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
(Uses the TISM network)		 0.019[120] (February 2012)Telecom Italia San Marino (51%) 22201
3 Prima GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+		 San Marino Telecom (100%) 29201

Serbia

Serbia has 9.1987 million subscribers based on the three-month customer activity, or a 128.09% penetration rate[121] (December 2013).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Serbia is RATEL (Regulatorna agencija za elektronske komunikacije i poštanske usluge).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in %) [122]		Ownership MCC / MNC
1mts900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+)
800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE)		44 % ( Q3 2023 )Telekom Srbija 22003
2Yettel900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+)
800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, ViLTE)		33 % ( Q3 2023 )PPF 22001
3A1900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+)
800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE)

23 % ( Q3 2023 )

A1 Telekom Austria Group 22005

Slovakia

Slovakia has 7.68 million subscribers in total, or a 132.79% penetration rate. All facts are based on the three-month customer activity base[123] (November 2019).

The regulatory authority for electronic communications "telecommunication" in Slovakia is Úrad pre reguláciu elektronických komunikácií a poštových služieb (RÚ).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Orange
(formerly Globtel, Slovtel)		900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, DC-HSPA+
(shares 3G with Swan Mobile/4ka) (due to shutdown prior to 2024)
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
700/2100 MHz LTE (Temporary license before 5G rollout)
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR		 2.403 (Q3 2023)[21] Orange S.A. 23101, 23105
2O2
(formerly Telefónica, O2 Telefónica)		900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
(Roaming on Telekom Slovakia (2G) when needed)
900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+
800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100 MHz LTE (Temporary license before 5G rollout)
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR		 2.370 (Q3 2023)[38] PPF 23106
3Telekom
(formerly Eurotel, T-Mobile)		900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
2600 MHz TD-LTE
700/2100 MHz LTE (Temporary license before 5G rollout)
VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR		 2.200 (Q3 2023)[13] Deutsche Telekom AG 23102, 23104
44ka (SWAN)1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
(Roaming on Orange Slovakia (2G, 3G) when out of native coverage) - also on 4G starting in 2024 (except 800MHz)
1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi, RCS
3600 MHz 5G NR		 0.603[124][125] (Q3 2022)SWAN 23103

Slovenia

Slovenia has 2,724,176 subscribers in total, or a 128% penetration rate[126] (Q3 2023).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Slovenia is AKOS (Agencija za komunikacijska omrežja in storitve).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Telekom Slovenije
(formerly Mobitel)		GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
2600/3600 MHz - 5G NR		0.968 (Q3 2023)
Including Izimobil, Spar Mobil, Mega M, Novatel MOBIL, SoftNet mobil		Telekom Slovenije 29341
2A1
(formerly Si.mobil)		GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3500 MHz - 5G NR		 0.860 (Q3 2023)
Including bob, Hotmobil, re:do		A1 Telekom Austria Group
(América Móvil)(51%), ÖBAG (28.42%), free float (20.58%)		 29340
3Telemach
(formerly Tušmobil)		GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz: UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (Roams on Telekom Slovenije (2G) where there is no Telemach coverage)
700/800/1800/2100/2300 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
700/3600 MHz - 5G NR		0.701 (Q3 2023)[29] United Group 29370
4T-22100 MHz: UMTS, HSPA (Roaming on Telekom Slovenije (2G/LTE) network when needed)
2100 MHz LTE
2300 MHz - 5G NR		0.195 (Q3 2023)
Gratel (87%) 29364

Spain

Spain has 59.166 million subscribers in total, or a 123.10% penetration rate (Sept. 2023).[127]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Spain is CNMC (Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia).

Note: The number of subscribers of each operator includes the subscribers of the main brand and the rest of its brands and subsidiaries.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Movistar900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, ViLTE		16.076[127] (Sep 2023)Telefónica 21407
2Vodafone
(formerly Airtel)		900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi		13.017[127] (Sep 2023)Vodafone Group plc 21401
3Orange
(formerly Amena)		900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi		12.985[127] (Sep 2023)Orange 21403
4Yoigo 1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Roams on Orange and Movistar where there is no Yoigo coverage)
3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE		 12.360[127] (Sep 2023)Grupo MÁSMÓVIL 21404

Sweden

Headquarters of Swedish Post and Telecom Authority

Sweden has 14.3 million subscribers in total, approximatelly 140% penetration rate (2020).[128] The country's telcom regulator is Swedish Post and Telecom Authority.

There are four main network operators, and they share various 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G network infrastructure through co-ownership in separate network companies. Tele2 and Telenor share network infrastructure through their company Net4Mobility.[129] Telia and Tele2 share network infrastructure through UMTS Nät AB.[130] Tre and Telenor share network infrastructure through 3GIS.[131][132]

Sweden also has a number of flanker brands and virtual operators, most notable are Halebop, Comviq, Fello, Hallon, Vimla, Mybeat, Tellusmobil and Chilimobil.

Some of world's largest producers of equipment for mobile network operators have strong ties to Sweden. Ericsson[133] is based in Sweden while Nokia, Siemens, Huawei and ZTE have major research centers in the country, often clustered around Kista and Lund.[134][135]

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1TeliaGSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/1800/2600 MHz

LTE, LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR

 8.514 (Q3 2023)[47]Telia Company 24001
2Telenor
(formerly Vodafone)		GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
3500 MHz 5G NR		 2.936 (Q3 2023)[46]Telenor 24008
3Tele2
GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A

3500 MHz 5G NR

 2.876 (Q3 2023)[50]Tele2 24007
4Tre900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA
800/2100/2600 MHz FD-LTE, 2600 MHz TD-LTE, LTE-A

2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi

 2.378 (Q3 2022)[14]CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%) 24002

Switzerland

Switzerland has 11.365 million mobile subscribers and a 138% penetration rate[136] (December 2014).

The country's telecom regulator is BAKOM.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Swisscom900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/900/1500 (FDD SDL)/1800/2100/2600 MHz

LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR

 6.378[73]Partially state-owned (51%), free float (49%) 22801
2Sunrise
(formerly diAx)		GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE
900/3500 MHz 5G NR		2.590 (Q3 2021)[137]Liberty Global 22802
3Salt (formerly Orange CH)GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE, VoWiFi
3500 MHz 5G NR		2.141[138] (Q3 2014)NJJ Capital[139] 22803

Turkey

Turkey has 91.3 million subscribers in total, or a 107.1% penetration rate[140] (Q2 2023).

The telecom regulator in Turkey is Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK : Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership
1TurkcellGSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi
5G (testing)		37.64 (Q2 2023)[140]Turkey Wealth Fund (26.2%), LetterOne (19.8%), free float (54%)
2Vodafone Turkiye
(formerly Telsim)		GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi
5G (testing)		28.11 (Q2 2023)[140]Vodafone Group plc
3Türk Telekom
(formerly Avea, Aria, Aycell)		GSM 900 (only in rural areas)/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro
VoLTE, VoWiFi
5G (testing)		25.61 (Q2 2023)[140]Türk Telekom

Ukraine

Ukraine has 55.860 million subscribers in total, or a 129.8% penetration rate[141] (October 2018).

The country's telecom regulator is NKRZI.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1Kyivstar*

(Including previous Beeline Ukraine network)

 900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
VoLTE		 24.3 (Q1 2023)VEON 25503
2Vodafone*
(formerly MTS Ukraine, UMC)		900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		15.2 (Q3 2023)Bakcell 25501
3lifecell*
(formerly life:)		900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA
900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro

VoLTE, VoWi-Fi

 11.4 (Q3 2023)Turkcell 25506
4Intertelecom800 MHz CDMA2000, CDMA2000 EV-DO rel.0, rev. A

(Network in Odesa region only)

 0.885 (Q4 2021)Odinaco Ltd (49%), Viktor Gushan (35.7%) 25504
5TriMob*2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA

(Own 3G network in Kyiv city centre only.)

Free 2G/3G roaming on Vodafone network available.

 0.078 (Q4 2021) as TriMob

0.054 (Q4 2021) as Lycamobile

 Ukrtelecom 25507
6PEOPLEnet800 MHz CDMA2000, CDMA2000 EV-DO
(Network in Dnipropetrovsk region only)		0.036 (Q4 2021)Telesystemy Ukrainy 25521

*Due to the Russian-Ukrainian war the national roaming among other operators is free and it includes voice calls, SMS and mobile 2G / 3G Internet at speeds up to 512 kbit/s.[142]

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has 92.0 million subscribers in total, or an approximate 139% penetration rate (31 December 2017).[143]

The country's telecom regulator is Ofcom.

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers
(in millions)		Ownership MCC / MNC
1O2 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2300/2600 MHz TD-LTE
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS		 24.1 (Q3 2023)[144]

(Includes Virgin Mobile and Giffgaff)

 Virgin Media O2

(50% Telefonica, 50% Liberty Global)

 23410
2EE
 1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+
800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/1800/2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS		 21.2 (Q3 2023)[145]

(Includes BT Mobile and Plusnet Mobile)

 BT Group 23430 and 23433
3Vodafone 900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE)
900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A
2600 MHz TD-LTE
900/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS
 18.2 (Q3 2023)[39]

(Includes VOXI)

 Vodafone Group plc 23415
4Three2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+
700/800/1500/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A
700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR
VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML
 10.6 (Q2 2023)[14]

(Includes SMARTY)

 CK Hutchison Holdings 23420

See also

References

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