Rue Saint-Honoré, dans l'après-midi. Effet de pluie
ArtistCamille Pissarro
Year1897
MediumOil on canvas

Rue Saint-Honoré, dans l'après-midi. Effet de pluie ("Rue Saint-Honoré in the Afternoon. Effect of Rain") is an 1897 oil painting by Camille Pissarro. The work was made towards the end of Pissarro's career, when he abandoned his experiments with Pointillism and returned to a looser Impressionist style. It is part of a series of works that Pissarro made in 1897-98 from a window of the Hôtel du Louvre, looking down across the edge of the place du Théâtre Français (now the Place André-Malraux) and along the rue Saint-Honoré, portraying the people, carriages and buildings, the trees, fountains and streetlamps, in an early afternoon shower of rain. Other paintings in the series depict a similar scene in morning sunlight, or in the shadows of the evening. The painting measures 81 cm × 65 cm (32 in × 26 in).

The painting has been displayed at the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza in Madrid since the museum opened in 1992. It had been bought by Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza at the Hahn Gallery in New York in 1976, from a US collector who bought it at the Knoedler Gallery in New York in 1952. In 1993, the baron sold it with the rest of his collection of 775 works to the Spanish state for US$350 million. A claim that the painting was Nazi looted art was dismissed by US courts in 2019 and 2020. However, in September 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court accepted certiorari to review that decision, and on 21 April 2022, the Court ruled in favor of Claude Cassirer as the rightful owner of the painting and sent the case back to a lower court to be reheard. On January 9, 2024, the lower court in favor of the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza.

Provenance

The painting was bought from Pissarro by the German businessman Julius Cassirer in 1897, and it was inherited by his son Fritz Cassirer and then by Fritz's wife Lilly. She remarried, but in 1939, as a German Jew, she was forced to sell the painting to Jakob Scheidwimmer, an official of the Reichskammer der bildenden Künste, for the low price of 900 ℛ︁ℳ︁ to secure an exit visa, shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War. The painting was sold at an auction in Berlin in 1943 for 95,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ and disappeared from public view. In 1958, a German court awarded Lilly Cassirer Neubauer compensation of DM 120,000, the fair market value for the work.

In 2005, Lilly's grandson Claude Cassirer and other heirs filed a claim to recover the painting. In January 2011 the Spanish government denied a request by the US ambassador to return the painting, and in 2015 a Spanish court ruled that the painting belonged to the museum. In April 2019 the United States District Court for the Central District of California ruled that the painting belongs to Fundación Colección Thyssen-Bornemisza, on the basis that the baron and then the museum did not know it was looted art when they bought it. While that decision was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 2020, in September 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court accepted certiorari to review the Ninth Circuit's decision. The case was heard on January 18, 2022[1] and on April 21, 2022, the Supreme Court, disagreeing with the decision of the Ninth Circuit's decision, vacated the judgement.[2] Following the Supreme Court's decision, the case was then returned to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and re-tried. On January 9, 2024, the court ruled in favor of the foundation - stating that ownership of the painting should be decided under Spanish laws, rather than California laws.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sneed, Tierney. "Pissarro painting confiscated by Nazis at center of Supreme Court arguments". CNN. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  2. ↑ "CASSIRER ET AL. v. THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA COLLECTION FOUNDATION" (PDF). Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  3. ↑ Stempel, Jonathan. "Madrid museum may keep Pissarro painting looted by Nazis, US appeals court rules". Reuters. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
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