This is a list of woods, most commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.
Soft woods (coniferous)
- Araucaria
- Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii)
 - Monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana)
 - Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia)
 
 - Cedar (Cedrus)
 - Celery-top pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius)
 - Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
- Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
 - Bald cypress, southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
 - Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)
 - Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
 - Lawson's cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
 - Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
 
 - Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
 - Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
 
 - European yew (Taxus baccata)
 - Fir (Abies)
- Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
 - Silver fir (Abies alba)
 - Noble fir (Abies procera)
 - Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)
 
 - Hemlock (Tsuga)
- Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
 - Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
 - Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
 
 - Huon pine, Macquarie pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)
 - Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
 - Queensland kauri (Australia) (Agathis robusta)
 - Japanese nutmeg-yew, kaya (Torreya nucifera)
 - Larch (Larix)
- European larch (Larix decidua)
 - Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)
 - Tamarack (Larix laricina)
 - Western larch (Larix occidentalis)
 
 - Pine (Pinus)
- European black pine (Pinus nigra)
 - Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
 - Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
 - Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)
 - Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
 - Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa)
 - Scots pine, red pine (UK) (Pinus sylvestris)
 - White pine
- Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
 - Western white pine (Pinus monticola)
 - Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)
 
 - Southern yellow pine
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
 - Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
 - Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)
 - Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)
 
 
 - Red cedar
- Eastern red cedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
 - Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
 
 - Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
 - Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
 - Spruce (Picea)
- Norway spruce (Picea abies)
 - Black spruce (Picea mariana)
 - Red spruce (Picea rubens)
 - Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
 - White spruce (Picea glauca)
 
 - Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
 - White cedar
- Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
 - Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
 
 - Nootka cypress (Cupressus nootkatensis)
 
Hardwoods (angiosperms)
- Abachi (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
 - Acacia (Acacia sp., Robinia pseudoacacia)
 - African padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
 - Afzelia, doussi (Afzelia africana)
 - Agba, tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
 - Alder (Alnus)
- Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
 - Red alder (Alnus rubra)
 
 - Ash (Fraxinus)
- Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
 - Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
 - Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
 - Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
 - Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia)[1]
 - Pumpkin ash (Fraxinus profunda)[1]
 - White ash (Fraxinus americana)
 
 - Aspen (Populus)
- Bigtooth aspen (Populus gradidentata)
 - European aspen (Populus tremula)
 - Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
 
 - Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata)
 - Ayan, movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)[2]
 - Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
 - Basswood, linden
- American basswood (Tilia americana)[1]
 - White basswood (Tilia heterophylla)[1]
 - American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
 
 - Birch (Betula)
- American birches
- Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
 - Black birch (Betula nigra)
 - Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
 - Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
 - Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
 
 - European birches
- Silver birch (Betula pendula)
 - Downy birch (Betula pubescens)
 
 
 - American birches
 - Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
 - Blackwood
- Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
 - African blackwood, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
 
 - Bloodwood (Brosimum rubescens)[3]
 - Boxelder (Acer negundo)
 - Boxwood, common box (Buxus sempervirens)
 - Brazilian walnut (Ocotea porosa)
 - Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
 - Buckeye, Horse-chestnut (Aesculus)
- Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
 - Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
 - Yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava)
 
 - Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
 - California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
 - Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
 - Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
 - Catalpa, catawba (Catalpa)
 - Ceylon satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia)
 - Cherry (Prunus)
- Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
 - Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
 - Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
 
 - Chestnut (Castanea spp.)
- Chestnut (Castanea sativa)
 - American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
 
 - Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
 - Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
 - Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
 - Cottonwood, popular
- Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
 - Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
 
 - Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
 - Cumaru (Dipteryx spp.)[4]
 - Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
- Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
 - Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
 
 - Ebony (Diospyros)
- Andaman marblewood (Diospyros kurzii)
 - Ebène marbre (Diospyros melanida)
 - African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)[5]
 - Ceylon ebony (Diospyros ebenum)
 
 - Elm
- American elm (Ulmus americana)
 - English elm (Ulmus procera)
 - Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
 - Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra)
 - Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
 
 - Eucalyptus
- Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
 - White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides)
 - Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens)[6]
 - Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
 - River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
 - Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
 - Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
 - Flooded gum, rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
 - York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)[6]
 - Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)
 - Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys)
 - Grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)
 - Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
 - Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans)
 - Australian oak (Eucalyptus obliqua)
 - Alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis)
 - Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera)
 - Swamp mahogany, swamp messmate (Eucalyptus robusta)
 - Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
 - Mugga, red ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)
 - Redwood (Eucalyptus transcontinentalis)[6]
 - Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo)[6]
 
 - European crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
 - European pear (Pyrus communis)
 - Gonçalo alves (Astronium spp.)
 - Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei)
 - Grenadilla, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
 - Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense)
 - Gum (Eucalyptus)
 - Gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba)
 - Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
 - Hickory (Carya)
- Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
 - Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
 - Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
 - Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
 
 - Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.)
- American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)
 
 - Ipê (Handroanthus spp.)
 - Iroko, African teak (Milicia excelsa)
 - Ironwood
- Balau (Shorea spp.)
 - American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
 - Sheoak, Polynesian ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia)
 - Giant ironwood (Choricarpia subargentea)
 - Diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii)
 - Borneo ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
 - Lignum vitae
- Guaiacwood (Guaiacum officinale)
 - Holywood (Guaiacum sanctum)
 
 - Takian (Hopea odorata)
 - Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)
 - Black ironwood, olive (Olea spp.)
 - Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
 - Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus)
 - Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
 - Desert ironwood (Olneya tesota)
 - Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica)
 - Brazilian ironwood, pau ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea)
 - Yellow lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia)
 
 - Jacarandá-boca-de-sapo (Jacaranda brasiliana)
 - Jacarandá de Brasil (Dalbergia nigra)
 - Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
 - Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis)
 - Lacewood
- Northern silky oak (Cardwellia sublimis)
 - American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
 - London plane (Platanus × acerifolia)
 
 - Limba (Terminalia superba)
 - Locust
- Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
 - Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
 
 - Mahogany 
- Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)[7]
- West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
 - Bigleaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
 - Pacific Coast mahogany (Swietenia humilis)
 
 - other mahogany
- African mahogany (Khaya spp.)
 - Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis)
 - Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany (Toona ciliata)
 - Philippine mahogany, calantis, kalantis (Toona calantas)
 - Indonesian mahogany, suren (Toona sureni)
 - Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
 - Sipo, utile (Entandrophragma utile)
 - Tiama, (Entandrophragma angolense)
 - Kosipo, (Entandrophragma candollei)
 - Mountain mahogany, bottle tree (Entandrophragma caudatumi)
 - Indian mahogany, chickrassy, chittagong wood (Chukrasia velutina)
 - Spanish Cedar, cedro, Brazilian mahogany (Cedrela odorata)
 - Light bosse, pink mahogany (Guarea cedrata)
 - Dark bosse, pink Mahogany (Guarea thompsonii)
 - American muskwood (Guarea grandifolia)
 - Carapa, royal mahogany, demerara mahogany, bastard mahogany, andiroba, crabwood (Carapa guianensis)[8]
 - Bead-tree, white cedar, Persian lilac (Melia azedarach)
 
 
 - Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)[7]
 - Maple (Acer)
- Hard maple
- Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
 - Black maple (Acer nigrum)
 
 - Soft maple
- Boxelder (Acer negundo)
 - Red maple (Acer rubrum)
 - Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
 
 - European maple
- Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
 
 
 - Hard maple
 - Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum)
 - Marri, red gum (Corymbia calophylla)
 - Meranti (Shorea spp.)
 - Merbau, ipil (Intsia bijuga), Kwila
 - Mesquite
- White mesquite (Prosopis alba)
 - Chilean mesquite (Prosopis chilensis)
 - Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa)
 - Black mesquite (Prosopis nigra)
 - Screwbean mesquite (Prosopis pubescens)
 - Velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina)
 
 - Mopane (Colophospermum mopane)
 - Oak (Quercus)
- White oak
- White oak (Quercus alba)
 - Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
 - Post oak (Quercus stellata)
 - Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
 - Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
 - Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
 - Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)
 - Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
 - Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
 - Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
 
 - English oak (Quercus robur)
 - Red oak 
- Northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
 - Eastern black oak (Quercus velutina)
 - Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
 - Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
 - Water oak (Quercus nigra)
 - Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
 - Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana)
 
 
 - White oak
 - Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana)
 - Olive (Olea europaea)
 - Pink ivory (Berchemia zeyheri)
 - Poplar
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
 - Black poplar (Populus nigra)
 - Hybrid black poplar (Populus × canadensis)
 
 - Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)
 - Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana)
 - Queensland walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii)
 - Ramin (Gonystylus spp.)
 - Redheart, chakté-coc (Erythroxylon mexicanum)
 - Sal (Shorea robusta)
 - Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
 - Sandalwood (Santalum spp.)
- Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)
 
 - Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Southern sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum)
 
 - Satiné, satinwood (Brosimum rubescens)[9]
 - Silky oak (Grevillea robusta)
 - Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata)
 - Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
 - Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
 - Spanish elm (Cordia alliodora)
 - Tamboti (Spirostachys africana)
 - Teak (Tectona grandis)
- Philippine teak (Tectona philippinensis)
 
 - Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
 - Tupelo (Nyssa spp.)
- Black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)
 - Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
 
 - Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)
 - Walnut (Juglans)
- Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra)
 - Common walnut (Juglans regia)
 
 - Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
- Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)
 
 - Willow (Salix)
- Black willow (Salix nigra)
 - Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Caerulea')
 - White willow (Salix alba)
 - Weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
 
 - Zingana, African zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)
 
Pseudowoods
Other wood-like materials:
- Bamboo
 - Palm tree
- Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera)
 - Toddy palm timber (Borassus flabellifer)
 
 
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 Summit, R. and A. Sliker. 1980. Handbook of Materials Science, Volume IV: Wood. Florida: CRC Press, Inc.
 - ↑ Distemonanthus benthamianus. Wood Technical Fact Sheet. Forest Service. USDA.
 - ↑ "Bloodwood | the Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)".
 - ↑ "MADERAS DEL". Government of Peru, INIA. 1999. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
 - ↑ Diospyros crassiflora. Archived 2015-03-24 at the Wayback Machine Plant Resources of Tropical Africa.
 - 1 2 3 4 Denham, R. (1999). "Specialty Timbers for the Western Australian Wheatbelt" (PDF). Farmnote 80/99. Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
 - ↑  the editors of Fine woodworking (2003). In the 18th century style: building furniture inspired by the classical tradition. US: The Taunton Press. pp. 36–43. ISBN 1-56158-397-9. 
{{cite book}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ↑ Carapa guianensis. Archived 2014-01-09 at the Wayback Machine World Agroforestry Centre.
 - ↑ Richter, H. G. and M. J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Brosimum rubescens Taub. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. DELTA – DEscription Language for TAxonomy. June 2009.
 
External links
- Global Wood Density Database
 - National Hardwood and Lumber Association
 - American Hardwood Information Center
 - American Hardwood Export Council
 - Australian National Association of Forest Industries
 - Canadian Wood Group
 - FSC Lesser Known Timber Species
 - NCSU Inside Wood project
 - Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough
 - US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook PDF 916K
 - International Wood Collectors Society
 - Xiloteca Manuel Soler (One of the largest private collection of wood samples)
 - African Timber Export Statistics
 
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