The 150 personae non gratae of Turkey (Turkish: Yüzellilikler, lit. 'Hundred-and-fiftyers')[1] is a list of high-ranking personages of the Ottoman Empire who were exiled from the Republic of Turkey shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence with the Armistice of Mudanya on 11 October 1922. The Sultanate was abolished by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Angora (Ankara) on 1 November 1922, and the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI, was declared persona non grata.[2] Leaving Istanbul aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he was sent into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926.
The list was created on 23 April 1924, by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and revised on 1 June 1924.[3] By targeting the former Imperial ruling-elite, it reaffirmed the political and cultural break between the Empire and the Republic. The preliminary list contained 600 individuals, negotiated down to its final form of 150 with the Treaty of Lausanne.
List
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kiraz Hamdi | Aide-de-camp of Sultan |
| 2 | Zeki | General Hademe-i Hassa |
| 3 | Kayserili Şaban Ağa | Hazine-i Hassa Müfettişi (Ottoman Central Depot inspector) |
| 4 | Şükrü Tütüncübaşı | |
| 5 | Şerkarin Yaver | |
| 6 | Miralay Tahir | |
| 7 | Seryaver Avni | |
| 8 | Refik | former Hazine-i Hassa Müdürü ve Defter-i Hakani Emini |
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 9 | Ürgüplü Mustafa Sabri Efendi | former Sheikh ul-Islam |
| 10 | Ali Rüşdi | Minister of Justice |
| 11 | Cemal Artin | Minister of Agriculture and Trade |
| 12 | Cakacı Hamdi Pasha | former Minister of the Navy |
| 13 | Rumbeyoğlu Fahrettin | former Minister of Education and Minister of Justice |
| 14 | Kızılhançerli Remzi | former Minister of Agriculture and Trade |
| 15 | Hâdi Pasha | General & signer of Treaty of Sèvres |
| 16 | Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı | former Şura-yı Devlet Reisi & signer of Treaty of Sèvres |
| 17 | Reşat Halis | former Ottoman Ambassador to Switzerland & signer of Treaty of Sèvres |
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 18 | Süleyman Şefik Pasha | Kuva-i İnzibatiye Commander In Chief |
| 19 | Bulgar Tahsin | Cavalry Captain (adjutant of Şefik Pasha) |
| 20 | Ahmet Refik | Colonel Kuva-i İnzibatiye, Erkan-ı Harbiye Reisi |
| 21 | Tarık Mümtaz | Commander of Kuva-i İnzibatiye Mitralyöz and adjutant of Damat Ferit Pasha |
| 22 | Ali Nadir Pasha | Kuva-i İnzibatiye, Commander of İzmir Army Corps |
| 23 | Kaymakam Fettah | Kuva-i İnzibatiye & Nemrut Mustafa Divanı Harp member |
| 24 | Çopur Hakkı | Kuva-i İnzibatiye member |
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | Gümülcineli İsmail | former governor of Bursa |
| 26 | Konyalı Zeynelabidin | Ayandan |
| 27 | Fanizade Mes'ud | former Cebelibereket (Osmaniye) Mutasarrıfı |
| 28 | Miralay Sadık | Hürriyet ve İtilaf Fırkası leader |
| 20 | Bedirhani Halil Râmi | former Malatya Mutasarrıfı |
| 30 | Giritli Hüsnü | former Mutasarrıf of Manisa |
| 31 | Nemrud Mustafa | former Court Martial Judge |
| 32 | Hulusi | former Mayor of Uşak |
| 33 | Hain Mustafa | former District-Governor of Adapazarı |
| 34 | Hafız Ahmet | former Müftü of Tekirdağ |
| 35 | Sâbit | former Mutasarrıf of Afyonkarahisar |
| 36 | Celâl Kadri | former Mutasarrıf of Gaziantep |
| 37 | Adanalı Zeynelabidin | General Editor of Hürriyet ve İtilaf |
| 38 | Vasfi Hoca | former Evkaf Nazırı |
| 39 | Damat Ali Galip | former Governor of Harput |
| 40 | Ömer Fevzi | Müftü of Bursa |
| 41 | Aziz Nuri | former assistant Governor of Bursa |
| 42 | Ahmet Asım | İzmir Kadı Müşaviri |
| 43 | Nâtık | former Istanbul Muhafızı |
| 44 | Âdil | former Minister of the Interior |
| 45 | Mehmet Ali Bey | former Minister of the Interior |
| 46 | Salim Mirimiran | former Governor and Deputy Mayor of Edirne |
| 47 | Hoca Raish-zâde İbrahim | Mutasarrıf for the Greeks in Kütahya |
| 48 | Abdurrahman | Governor of Adana during the Franco-Turkish War |
| 49 | Ömer Fevzi | member of parliament from Şarkikarahisar |
| 50 | Adil | Mülazım, known as "torturer" |
| 51 | Refik | Mülazım, known as "torturer" |
| 52 | Şerif | former Kırkağaç Kaymakamı |
| 53 | Mahmut Mahir | former Çanakkale Mutasarrıfı |
| 54 | Emin | former İstanbul Merkez Kumandanı |
| 55 | Sadullah Sami | former Kilis Kaymakamı |
| 56 | Osman Nuri | former Mutasarrıf of Bolu and former Dahiliye Nezareti Dava Vekili |
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 57 | Çerkes Ethem | |
| 58 | Reşit | brother of Çerkes Ethem |
| 59 | Tevfik | brother of Çerkes Ethem |
| 60 | Eşref Kuşçubaşı | |
| 61 | Hacı Sami | brother of Eşref Kuşçubaşı |
| 62 | İzmirli Küçük Ethem | captainformer Akhisar Kaymakamı |
| 63 | Düzceli Mehmet oğlu Sami | |
| 64 | Burhaniyeli Halil İbrahim | |
| 65 | Demirkapılı Hacı Ahmet | from Susurluk |
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 66 | Bağ Osman | from Sümbüllü köyü, Hendek |
| 67 | İbrahim Hakkı | former İzmit Mutasarrıfı |
| 68 | Sait Beraev | |
| 69 | Tahir Berzek | |
| 70 | Maan Şirin | from Harmantepe köyü, Adapazarı |
| 71 | Hüseyin son of Hoca Ömer | from Teke köyü, Söke Ereğlisi |
| 72 | Bağ Kamil | from Talustanbey köyü, Adapazarı |
| 73 | Hamete Ahmet | |
| 74 | Maan Ali | |
| 75 | Harun Reşit | from Karaosman köyü, Kirmastı |
| 76 | Eskişehirli Hızır Hoca | |
| 77 | İsa | son of Bigalı Nuri Bey |
| 78 | Kazım | from Şahinbey köyü, Adapazarı |
| 79 | Lampaz Yakup | from Tuzakçı köyü, Gönen |
| 80 | Kumpat Hafız Sait | from Bayramiç köyü, Gönen |
| 81 | former major Ahmet | from Keçeler köyü, Gönen |
| 82 | Sait | davavekili from İzmir |
| 83 | Şamlı Ahmet Nuri |
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 84 | Tahsin | former Director of Istanbul Police |
| 85 | Kemal | former assistant director of Istanbul Police |
| 86 | Ispartalı Kemal | assistant director of Emniyeti Umumiye |
| 87 | Hafız Sait | former Istanbul Polis Müdüriyeti Birinci Kısım Başmemuru |
| 88 | Şeref | former Istanbul Polis Müdüriyeti Birinci Şube Müdürü |
| 89 | Hacı Kemal | former Arnavutköy Merkez Memuru |
| 90 | Namık | Polis Başmemurlarından |
| 91 | Nedim | Commisar of Şişli |
| 92 | Fuat | former İzmir Merkez Memuru, Director of Edirne Police and Yalova Kaymakamı |
| 93 | Yolgeçenli Yusuf | police officer in Adana |
| 94 | Sakallı Cemil | former Unkapanı Merkez Memuru |
| 95 | Mazlum | former Büyükdere Merkez Memuru |
| 96 | Fuat | former Beyoğlu İkinci Komiseri |
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 97 | Mevlanzade Rifat Bey | owner of Serbestî & member of Freedom and Accord Party |
| 98 | Sait Molla | owner of Istanbul Gazetesi, printed in Turkish |
| 99 | İzmirli Hafız İsmail | owner and former editor of Müsavat Gazetesi & member of Darülhikmet |
| 100 | Refik Halit Karay | owner of Aydede Gazetesi & former Posta Telgraf Müdür-ü Umumisi |
| 101 | Bahriyeli Ali Kemal | owner of Bandırma Adalet Gazetesi |
| 102 | Neyir Mustafa | owner of Hakikat Gazetesi in Selanik Teemin and Elyevm in Edirne |
| 103 | Ferit | former editor of Köylü Gazetesi |
| 104 | Refii Cevat Ulunay | owner of Alemdar Gazetesi |
| 105 | Pehlivan Kadri | of Alemdar Gazetesi |
| 106 | Fânî-zâde Ali İlmi | owner of Ferda Gazetesi in Adana |
| 107 | Trabzonlu Ömer Fevzi | one of the owners of Balıkesir İrşad Gazetesi |
| 108 | Hasan Sadık | owner of Halep Doğru Yol Gazetesi |
| 109 | İzmirli Refet | owner and director of Köylü Gazetesi |
| ! # | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 110 | Tarsuslu KamilPashazade Selami | |
| 111 | Tarsuslu KamilPashazade Kemal | |
| 112 | Süleymaniyeli Kürt Hakki | |
| 113 | İbrahim Sabri son of Şeyhülislam Mustafa Sabri Hoca | |
| 114 | Bursalı Cemil | factory owner |
| 115 | Çerkes Ragıp | well-known English spy |
| 116 | Haçinli Kazak Hasan | officer during French invasion |
| 117 | Süngülü Davut | bandit leader |
| 118 | Çerkes Bekir | Binbaşı |
| 119 | Necip | brother-in-law of factory owner Bursalı Cemil |
| 120 | Ahmet Hulusi | former Umur-u İslamiye Müfettişi of İzmir |
| 121 | Uşaklı Madanoğlu Mustafa | |
| 122 | Remzi son of Yusuf | from Tuzakçı köyü, Gönen |
| 123 | Zühtü son of Hacı Kasım | from Bayramiç köyü, Gönen |
| 124 | Şakir son of Kocagözün Osman | from Balcı köyü, Gönen |
| 125 | Koç Ali son of Koç Mehmet | from Muratlar köyü, Gönen |
| 126 | Aziz son of Mehmet | from Ayvacık köyü, Gönen |
| 127 | Osman son of Bağcılı Ahmet | from Keçeler köyü, Gönen |
| 128 | İzzet son of Molla Süleyman | from Yıldız köyü, Susurluk |
| 129 | Kâzım son of Hüseyin | from Muratlar köyü, Gönen |
| 130 | Arap Mahmut son of Bekir | from Balcı köyü, Gönen |
| 131 | Gardiyan Yusuf | from Rüstem köyü, Gönen |
| 132 | Eyüp son of Ömer | from Balcı köyü, Gönen |
| 133 | İbrahim Çavuş son of Talustan | from Keçeler köyü, Gönen |
| 134 | İbrahim son of Topallı Şerif | Balcı köyü, Gönen |
| 135 | İdris son of Topal Ömer | from Keçeler köyü, Gönen |
| 136 | Kurhoğlu İsmail | from Bolcaağaç köyü, Manyas |
| 137 | İshak son of Muhtar Hacı | from Keçeler köyü, Gönen |
| 138 | İshak son of Yusuf | from Kayapınar köyü, Marmara |
| 139 | Sabit son of Ali Bey | from Kızlık köyü, Manyas |
| 140 | Selim son of Veli | from Balcı köyü, Gönen |
| 141 | Osman son of Makinacı Mehmet | from Çerkes Mahallesi, Gönen |
| 142 | Kâmil son of Kadir | from Değirmenboğazı köyü, Manyas |
| 143 | Galip son of Hüseyin | from Keçidere köyü, Gönen |
| 144 | Salih son of Çerkes Sait | from Hacıyakup köyü, Manyas |
| 145 | İsmail brother of Maktul Şevket | from Hacıyakup köyü, Manyas |
| 146 | Deli Kasım son of Abdullah | from Keçeler köyü, Gönen |
| 147 | Kemal son of Hasan Onbaşı | from Çerkes Mahallesi, Gönen |
| 148 | Kâzım Efe | brother of Kâmil son of Kadir from Değirmenboğazı köyü, Manyas |
| 149 | Pallaçoğlu Kemal | from Kızlık köyü, Gönen |
| 150 | Tuğoğlu Mehmet | from Keçeler köyü, Gönen |
References
- ↑ Boyar, Ebru, and Kate Fleet. “A Dangerous Axis: The ‘Bulgarian Müftü’, the Turkish Opposition and the Ankara Government, 1928–36.” Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 44, no. 5, Taylor & Francis, Ltd., 2008, pp. 775–89 at 778, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40262615.
- ↑ "Mehmed VI: Ottoman sultan".
- ↑ TERZIĆ, FARUK. “The Problematic of Prophethood and Miracles: Muṣṭafā Ṣabrī’s Response.” Islamic Studies, vol. 48, no. 1, Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 2009, pp. 5–33 at 8, http://www.jstor.org/stable/20839152.
Further reading
- İlhami Soysal, Yüzellilikler, (Istanbul: Gür, 1985)
- Kâmil Erdeha, Article "Yüzellilikler", in Sosyalist Kültür Ansiklopedisi, vol. 8, pp. 1336–1341, Istanbul: May 1980
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