1946 Soviet occupation zone state elections

20 October 1946
Registered11,454,837
Turnout91.0%
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Party SED CDU LDP
Seats won 249 133 121
Popular vote 4,685,304 2,411,033 2,418,841
Percentage 47.57% 24.48% 24.56%

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Party VdgB Kulturbund Frauenausschüsse
Seats won 15 1 0
Popular vote 296,111 19,148 18,340
Percentage 3.01% 0.19% 0.19%

SED Electoral advertisement in East Berlin.

State elections were held in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany on 20 October 1946 to elect the state legislatures of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. They were the only elections held in the future territory of East Germany before the establishment of the German Democratic Republic in 1949, and the only free and fair elections in that part of Germany between 1932 and the Peaceful Revolution.

The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), which was formed by the forced merger of the Communist Party and the Social Democratic Party in the Soviet occupation zone, became the largest party but achieved an absolute majority in only one state. The SED was created in view of the holding of elections in the Soviet zone, as a first step for future political reforms.

In addition to the SED, three other parties participated; the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Peasants Mutual Aid Association (VdgB). Two other organizations participated but only in Saxony. The SED landslide victory was seen by Soviet authorities as a justification for the development of socialism in their zone. The occupation authorities quickly dropped all pretense of liberal democracy, and cajoled the other parties into forming a "coalition" in which only the SED had any real power. By the time of the elections for a constitutional assembly in 1949, voters only had the option of approving or rejecting a "unity list" put forward by the SED-dominated Democratic Bloc.

The next state elections were held in 1950, after the establishment of the German Democratic Republic.

Results

Overall

PartyVotes%Seats
Socialist Unity Party of Germany4,685,30447.57249
Liberal Democratic Party of Germany2,418,84124.56121
Christian Democratic Union2,411,03324.48133
Peasants Mutual Aid Association296,1113.0115
Cultural Association19,1480.191
Women's Committees18,3400.190
Total9,848,777100.00519
Valid votes9,848,77794.54
Invalid/blank votes569,2795.46
Total votes10,418,056100.00
Registered voters/turnout11,449,62090.99

Brandenburg

PartyVotes%Seats
Socialist Unity Party of Germany634,78643.5244
Christian Democratic Union442,20630.3231
Liberal Democratic Party of Germany298,31120.4520
Peasants Mutual Aid Association83,2715.715
Total1,458,574100.00100
Valid votes1,458,57496.21
Invalid/blank votes57,4133.79
Total votes1,515,987100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,655,98091.55
Source: Wahlen in Deutschland

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

PartyVotes%Seats
Socialist Unity Party of Germany551,59449.5345
Christian Democratic Union379,82934.1031
Liberal Democratic Party of Germany138,66212.4511
Peasants Mutual Aid Association43,6633.923
Total1,113,748100.0090
Valid votes1,113,74894.53
Invalid/blank votes64,4635.47
Total votes1,178,211100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,308,72790.03
Source: Wahlen in Deutschland

Saxony

PartyVotes%Seats
Socialist Unity Party of Germany1,616,06849.1159
Liberal Democratic Party of Germany813,22424.7130
Christian Democratic Union766,85923.3028
Peasants Mutual Aid Association57,3561.742
Cultural Association19,1480.581
Women's Committees18,3400.560
Total3,290,995100.00120
Valid votes3,290,99593.54
Invalid/blank votes227,1136.46
Total votes3,518,108100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,803,41692.50
Source: Wahlen in Deutschland

Saxony-Anhalt

PartyVotes%Seats
Socialist Unity Party of Germany1,063,88945.7951
Liberal Democratic Party of Germany695,68529.9432
Christian Democratic Union507,39721.8424
Peasants Mutual Aid Association56,6302.442
Total2,323,601100.00109
Valid votes2,323,60194.15
Invalid/blank votes144,3635.85
Total votes2,467,964100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,695,41691.56
Source: Wahlen in Deutschland

Thuringia

PartyVotes%Seats
Socialist Unity Party of Germany818,96749.2850
Liberal Democratic Party of Germany472,95928.4628
Christian Democratic Union314,74218.9419
Peasants Mutual Aid Association55,1913.323
Total1,661,859100.00100
Valid votes1,661,85995.63
Invalid/blank votes75,9274.37
Total votes1,737,786100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,986,08187.50
Source: Wahlen in Deutschland

See also

References

    • Martin Broszat, Gerhard Braas, Hermann Weber (1993). SBZ-Handbuch, ISBN 3-486-55262-7.
    • Mathias Tullner (1997). Zwischen Demokratie und Diktatur. Die Kommunalwahlen und die Wahlen zum Provinziallandtag in Sachsen-Anhalt im Jahre 1946, Magdeburgo, pp. 95–98.
    • Richard Schachtner (1956). Die deutschen Nachkriegswahlen: Wahlergebnisse in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, in den deutschen Bundesländern, in West-Berlin, im Saarland und in der Sowjetzone (DDR) 1946-19, Isar-Verlag, Múnich, pp. 77-78.
    • Günter Braun: Wahlen und Abstimmungen. In: Martin Broszat, Hermann Weber (1990). SBZ-Handbuch, Oldenbourg, Múnich, pp. 397, 396 & 418.
    • Herbert Gottwald (1994). Der Thüringer Landtag 1946-1952. Thüringer Landtag in Verbindung mit Wartburg Verlag, Jena, pp. 56, 81 & 101.
    • Karl-Heinz Hajna (2000). Die Landtagswahlen 1946 in der SBZ, Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 3-631-35950-0
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