2006 World Men's Curling Championship
Host cityLowell, Massachusetts, United States
ArenaTsongas Center at UMass Lowell
DatesApril 1–9, 2006
Winner Scotland
SkipDavid Murdoch
ThirdEwan MacDonald
SecondWarwick Smith
LeadEuan Byers
AlternatePeter Smith
CoachTom Pendreigh
Finalist Canada (Jean-Michel Ménard)
« 2005
2007 »
The Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell was the location of the Championship

The 2006 World Men's Curling Championship was held April 1–9, 2006 at the Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Scotland, skipped by David Murdoch, won the tournament defeating Canada in the final.

Teams

 Australia  Canada  Denmark
Australia Curling Club

Skip: Hugh Millikin
Third: Ricky Tasker
Second: Mike Woloschuk
Lead: Stephen Johns
Alternate: Ian Palangio

 CC Victoria, Sainte-Foy and
CC Etchemin, Saint-Romuald

Skip: Jean-Michel Ménard
Third: François Roberge
Second: Éric Sylvain
Lead: Maxime Elmaleh
Alternate: Jean Gagnon

 Hvidovre CC, Hvidovre

Skip: Ulrik Schmidt
Third: Lasse Lavrsen
Second: Carsten Svensgaard
Lead: Joel Ostrowski
Alternate: Kenneth Jørgensen

 Finland  Germany  Ireland
Oulunkylä Curling, Helsinki

Fourth: Kalle Kiiskinen
Skip: Markku Uusipaavalniemi***
Second: Jani Sullanmaa
Lead: Teemu Salo
Alternate: Jari Rouvinen

 EC Oberstdorf, Oberstdorf

Skip: Sebastian Stock
Third: Daniel Herberg
Second: Markus Messenzehl
Lead: Patrick Hoffman
Alternate: Bernhard Mayr

 ICA National Team

Skip: Douglas Dryburgh
Third: Peter Wilson
Second: Robin Gray
Lead: John Kenny
Alternate: Peter J.D. Wilson

 Japan  Norway  Scotland
Tokoro CC, Tokoro

Skip: Yoshiyuki Ohmiya
Third: Makoto Tsuruga
Second: Tsuyoshi Ryutaki
Lead: Kazuhiko Ikawa
Alternate: Yuji Hirama

 Snarøen CC, Bærum

Skip: Thomas Ulsrud
Third: Torger Nergård
Second: Thomas Due
Lead: Jan Thoresen
Alternate: Christoffer Svae

 Lockerbie CC, Lockerbie

Skip: David Murdoch
Third: Ewan MacDonald
Second: Warwick Smith
Lead: Euan Byers
Alternate: Peter Smith

 Sweden   Switzerland  United States
Sundbybergs CK, Sundbyberg

Skip: Nils Carlsén
Third: Niklas Edin
Second: Marcus Hasselborg
Lead: Emanuel Allberg
Alternate: Daniel Tenn

 CC St. Galler Bär, St. Gallen

Skip: Ralph Stöckli
Third: Claudio Pescia
Second: Pascal Sieber
Lead: Simon Strübin
Alternate: Marco Battilana

 Bemidji CC, Bemidji

Skip: Pete Fenson
Third: Shawn Rojeski
Second: Joseph Polo
Lead: John Shuster
Alternate: Scott Baird

*** Finnish skip Markku Uusipaavalniemi missed the first three games with a wrist injury;[1] Kiiskinen skipped in his place. Markku returned April 3; threw second rocks in the early draw and third stones in the remainder of the competition.

Round-robin standings

Scoring for the tournament was done by CurlingZone.com. They calculated the player percentages differently than normal. They used a five-point system with a multiplier for degree of difficulty in shots.

Country Skip W L PF PA Ends
Won		 Ends
Lost		 Blank
Ends		 Stolen
Ends		 Shot
Pct.
 ScotlandDavid Murdoch9282545540102386%
 CanadaJean-Michel Ménard8377635244131383%
 NorwayThomas Ulsrud7475614844161379%
 United StatesPete Fenson7467554340231382%
 SwedenNils Carlsén658063434615983%
  SwitzerlandRalph Stöckli6568594739151881%
 FinlandMarkku Uusipaavalniemi6571664139141078%
 DenmarkUlrik Schmidt566870424613979%
 AustraliaHugh Millikin5666744745181277%
 GermanySebastian Stock474162333818872%
 JapanYoshiyuki Ohmiya294064334614372%
 IrelandDouglas Dryburgh1104784385415676%

Round-robin results

Draw 1

April 1, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 8
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 9
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 5
 Norway (Ulsrud) (has hammer) 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 X X 3
  Switzerland (Stöckli) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 3 3 0 3 X X 10
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 4
 Canada (Ménard) (has hammer) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 5

Draw 2

April 1, 16:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 0 3 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 9
 Germany (Stock) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 6
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 1 3 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 8
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 6
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 2 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 8
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 7

Draw 3

April 2, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 8
 Australia (Millikin) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 1 9
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) (has hammer) 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 7
 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 9

Draw 4

April 2, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X X 4
 United States (Fenson) 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 1 X X 9
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 6
  Switzerland (Stöckli) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) (has hammer) 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 7
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) (has hammer) 2 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 X 8
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 X 4

Draw 5

April 2, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 7
 Canada (Ménard) 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 5
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 2 8
 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) (has hammer) 2 0 2 4 0 1 0 0 X X 9
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 X X 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Australia (Millikin) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 X X 4
 Sweden (Carlsén) 3 0 4 0 0 2 0 1 X X 10

Draw 6

April 3, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) (has hammer) 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 6
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) (has hammer) 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 2 X X 8
 Germany (Stock) 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 X X 3
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 7
  Switzerland (Stöckli) (has hammer) 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 6
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 8
 Norway (Ulsrud) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 3 0 1 9

Draw 7

April 3, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 6
 Ireland (Dryburgh) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 3
 Japan (Ohmiya) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 2 8
 United States (Fenson) (has hammer) 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 1 0 1 0 1 0 X X X X 3
 Denmark (Schmidt) (has hammer) 0 2 0 2 0 5 X X X X 9

Draw 8

April 3, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 8
 Australia (Millikin) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 6
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 3
 Sweden (Carlsén) (has hammer) 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 7
 Canada (Ménard) (has hammer) 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 8

Draw 9

April 4, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) (has hammer) 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 X 3
 Scotland (Murdoch) 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 X 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) (has hammer) 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 X X 4
 Australia (Millikin) 0 2 1 0 3 1 0 3 X X 10
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 6
 Canada (Ménard) (has hammer) 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 X 7
 Sweden (Carlsén) (has hammer) 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 X 4

Draw 10

April 4, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 5
 Norway (Ulsrud) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 3 0 0 9
  Switzerland (Stöckli) (has hammer) 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 8
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 1 1 1 2 3 0 X X X X 8
 Germany (Stock) (has hammer) 0 0 0 0 0 1 X X X X 1
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 5
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) (has hammer) 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 9

Draw 11

April 4, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3
 United States (Fenson) (has hammer) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 4
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) (has hammer) 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 7
 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 3 X 9
 Ireland (Dryburgh) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 X 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) (has hammer) 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 9
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 8

Draw 12

April 5, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 3 2 0 4 0 3 X X X X 12
 Denmark (Schmidt) (has hammer) 0 0 1 0 2 0 X X X X 3
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 X X 1
 United States (Fenson) (has hammer) 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 X X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) (has hammer) 1 0 3 0 0 3 1 2 X X 10
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 X X 2
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) (has hammer) 0 2 0 3 0 1 4 X X X 10
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 X X X 1

Draw 13

April 5, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 X 3
 Sweden (Carlsén) (has hammer) 3 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 X 8
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 X 4
 Canada (Ménard) (has hammer) 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 X 7
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 4
 Australia (Millikin) (has hammer) 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 X 3
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 X 7

Draw 14

April 5, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Australia (Millikin) (has hammer) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 4
 Germany (Stock) 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 5
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 3 9
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 6
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) (has hammer) 3 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 8
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 5
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 0 3 0 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 9
  Switzerland (Stöckli) (has hammer) 3 0 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 10

Draw 15

April 6, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 1 8
 Japan (Ohmiya) (has hammer) 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 5
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 1 0 2 1 3 0 1 X X X 8
 Ireland (Dryburgh) (has hammer) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 X X X 2
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 6
 Denmark (Schmidt) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 1 7
 United States (Fenson) 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 5

Draw 16

April 6, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 6
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4
 Norway (Ulsrud) (has hammer) 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) (has hammer) 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 6
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 4
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 2 3 0 1 0 0 2 X X 8
 Germany (Stock) (has hammer) 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 X X 3

Draw 17

April 7, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) (has hammer) 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 6
 Canada (Ménard) 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 9
Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) (has hammer) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 8
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 5
Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 6
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 0 3 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 7
Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) (has hammer) 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 6
 Australia (Millikin) 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 7

Playoffs

Brackets

1 vs. 2 game

April 7, 14:00

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 0 0 0 1 0 1 X X X X 2
 Canada (Ménard) 1 3 1 0 3 0 X X X X 8
Player percentages
 Scotland  Canada
Euan Byers85%Maxime Elmaleh85%
Warwick Smith80%Éric Sylvain89%
Ewan MacDonald53%François Roberge83%
David Murdoch52%Jean-Michel Ménard89%
Total67%Total86%

3 vs. 4 game

April 7, 19:00

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) (has hammer) 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 8
 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 5
Player percentages
 Norway  United States
Jan Thoresen79%John Shuster95%
Thomas Due83%Joseph Polo90%
Torger Nergård85%Shawn Rojeski79%
Thomas Ulsrud87%Pete Fenson76%
Total84%Total85%

Semi-final

April 8, 13:00

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 6
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 4
Player percentages
 Scotland  Norway
Euan Byers74%Jan Thoresen75%
Warwick Smith73%Thomas Due68%
Ewan MacDonald68%Torger Nergård69%
David Murdoch75%Thomas Ulsrud68%
Total73%Total70%

Final

April 9, 12:30

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 4
 Scotland (Murdoch) (has hammer) 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 7
Player percentages
 Scotland  Canada
Euan Byers81%Maxime Elmaleh85%
Warwick Smith82%Éric Sylvain76%
Ewan MacDonald86%François Roberge72%
David Murdoch87%Jean-Michel Ménard76%
Total84%Total77%
2006 Ford World Curling Championship
Scotland
Scotland
4th title

Round robin player percentages

Leads  % Seconds  % Thirds  % Skips  %
Canada Maxime Elmaleh89 Scotland Warwick Smith86 Scotland Ewan MacDonald86 Scotland David Murdoch87
Denmark Joel Ostrowski84 United States Joe Polo86 Finland Markku Uusipaavalniemi85 Norway Thomas Ulsrud84
Switzerland Simon Strübin84 Canada Eric Sylvain84 Sweden Niklas Edin83 Canada Jean-Michel Ménard82
United States John Shuster84 Sweden Marcus Hasselborg84 Switzerland Claudio Pescia81 Sweden Nils Carlsén82
Scotland Euan Byers82 Switzerland Pascal Sieber82 United States Shawn Rojeski81 United States Pete Fenson80

References

General
  • "World Men's Curling Championship 2006". World Curling Federation. Archived from the original on 2012-05-06. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
Specific
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