| << | April | >> | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Su | Mo | Tu | We | Th | Fr | Sa |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
| 28 | 29 | 30 | ||||
| 2024 | ||||||
| April 4 in recent years |
| 2023 (Tuesday) |
| 2022 (Monday) |
| 2021 (Sunday) |
| 2020 (Saturday) |
| 2019 (Thursday) |
| 2018 (Wednesday) |
| 2017 (Tuesday) |
| 2016 (Monday) |
| 2015 (Saturday) |
| 2014 (Friday) |
April 4 is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 271 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
- 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.[1]
- 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.[2]
- 611 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul sacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico.[3]
- 801 – King Louis the Pious captures Barcelona from the Moors after a siege of several months.[4]
- 1268 – A five-year Byzantine–Venetian peace treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.[5]
- 1423 – Death of the Venetian Doge Tommaso Mocenigo, under whose rule victories were achieved against the Kingdom of Hungary and against the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Gallipoli (1416).[6]
- 1581 – Francis Drake is knighted by Queen Elizabeth I for completing a circumnavigation of the world.[7]
1601–1900
- 1609 – Moriscos are expelled from the Kingdom of Valencia.[8]
- 1660 – Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of Great Britain promises, among other things, a general pardon to all royalists and opponents of the monarchy for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum.[9]
- 1796 – Georges Cuvier delivers the first paleontological lecture.[10]
- 1814 – Napoleon abdicates (conditionally) for the first time and names his son Napoleon II as Emperor of the French, followed by unconditional abdication two days later.[11]
- 1818 – The United States Congress, affirming the Second Continental Congress, adopts the flag of the United States with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (20 at that time).[12]
- 1841 – William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia, becoming the first President of the United States to die in office, and setting the record for the briefest administration. Vice President John Tyler succeeds Harrison as President.[13]
- 1860 – The declaration on the introduction of the Finnish markka as an official currency is read in different parts of the Grand Duchy of Finland.[14]
- 1865 – American Civil War: A day after Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln visits the Confederate capital.[15]
- 1866 – Alexander II of Russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt by Dmitry Karakozov in the city of Saint Petersburg.[16]
- 1887 – Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.[17]
1901–present
- 1904 – Two Ms ~7.1 earthquakes, among the largest in Europe, strikes Bulgaria, killing over 200 people and causing destruction.[18]
- 1905 – In India, an earthquake hits the Kangra Valley, killing 20,000, and destroying most buildings in Kangra, McLeod Ganj and Dharamshala.
- 1913 – First Balkan War: Greek aviator Emmanouil Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot to die in the Hellenic Air Force when his plane crashes.
- 1925 – The Schutzstaffel (SS) is founded under Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party in Germany.
- 1933 – U.S. Navy airship USS Akron is wrecked off the New Jersey coast due to severe weather.
- 1944 – World War II: First bombardment of oil refineries in Bucharest by Anglo-American forces kills 3,000 civilians.
- 1945 – World War II: United States Army troops liberate Ohrdruf forced labor camp in Germany.
- 1945 – World War II: United States Army troops capture Kassel.
- 1945 – World War II: Soviet Red Army troops liberate Hungary from German occupation and occupy the country themselves.
- 1946 – Greek judge and archeologist Panagiotis Poulitsas is appointed Prime Minister of Greece in the midst of the Greek Civil War.[19]
- 1949 – Cold War: Twelve nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
- 1958 – The CND peace symbol is displayed in public for the first time in London.
- 1960 – France agrees to grant independence to the Mali Federation, a union of Senegal and French Sudan.
- 1963 – Bye Bye Birdie, a musical romantic comedy film directed by George Sidney, was released.[20]
- 1964 – The Beatles occupy the top five positions on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart.
- 1967 – Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" speech in New York City's Riverside Church.[21]
- 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray at a motel in Memphis, Tennessee.
- 1968 – Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 6.
- 1969 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.
- 1973 – The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City are officially dedicated.
- 1973 – A Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, dubbed the Hanoi Taxi, makes the last flight of Operation Homecoming.
- 1975 – Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
- 1975 – Vietnam War: A United States Air Force Lockheed C-5A Galaxy transporting orphans, crashes near Saigon, South Vietnam shortly after takeoff, killing 172 people.
- 1977 – Southern Airways Flight 242 crashes in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia, killing 72.[22]
- 1979 – Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed.
- 1981 – Iran–Iraq War: The Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force mounts an attack on H-3 Airbase and destroys about 50 Iraqi aircraft.
- 1983 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Challenger makes its maiden voyage into space on STS-6.
- 1984 – President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons.
- 1987 – Garuda Indonesia Flight 032 crashes at Medan Airport, killing 23.[23]
- 1988 – Governor Evan Mecham of Arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office.
- 1990 – The current flag of Hong Kong is adopted for post-colonial Hong Kong during the Third Session of the Seventh National People's Congress.[24]
- 1991 – Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their airplane over an elementary school in Merion, Pennsylvania.
- 1991 – Forty-one people are taken hostage inside a Good Guys! Electronics store in Sacramento, California. Three of the hostage takers and three hostages are killed.[25]
- 1994 – Three people are killed when KLM Cityhopper Flight 433 crashes at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol.[26]
- 1996 – Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous.
- 1997 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Colombia is launched on STS-83. However, the mission is later cut short due to a fuel cell problem.[27]
- 2002 – The MPLA government of Angola and UNITA rebels sign a peace treaty ending the Angolan Civil War.
- 2009 – France announces its return to full participation of its military forces within NATO.
- 2010 – A magnitude 7.2 earthquake hits south of the Mexico-USA border, killing two and damaging buildings across the two countries.[28]
- 2011 – Georgian Airways Flight 834 crashes at N'djili Airport in Kinshasa, killing 32.[29]
- 2013 – More than 70 people are killed in a building collapse in Thane, India.
- 2017 – Syria conducts an air strike on Khan Shaykhun using chemical weapons, killing 89 civilians.[30]
- 2020 – China holds a national day of mourning for martyrs who died in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease outbreak.
- 2023 – Finland becomes a member of NATO after Turkey accepts its membership request.[31]
Births
Pre-1600
- 188 – Caracalla, Roman emperor (d. 217)[32]
- 1436 – Amalia of Saxony, Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut (d. 1501)
- 1490 – Vojtěch I of Pernstein, Bohemian nobleman (d. 1534)
- 1492 – Ambrosius Blarer, German-Swiss theologian and reformer (d. 1564)
- 1572 – William Strachey, English author (d. 1621)[33]
- 1586 – Richard Saltonstall, English diplomat (d. 1661)
- 1593 – Edward Nicholas, English soldier and politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (d. 1669)
1601–1900
- 1640 – Gaspar Sanz, Spanish guitarist, composer, and priest (d. 1710)
- 1646 – Antoine Galland, French orientalist and archaeologist (d. 1715)[34]
- 1648 – Grinling Gibbons, Dutch-English sculptor (d. 1721)
- 1676 – Giuseppe Maria Orlandini, Italian composer (d. 1760)
- 1688 – Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer and cartographer (d. 1768)
- 1718 – Benjamin Kennicott, English theologian and scholar (d. 1783)
- 1752 – Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli, Italian composer (d. 1837)
- 1760 – Juan Manuel Olivares, Venezuelan organist and composer (d. 1797)
- 1762 – Stephen Storace, English actor and composer (d. 1796)
- 1772 – Nachman of Breslov, Ukrainian founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement (d. 1810)
- 1780 – Edward Hicks, American minister and painter (d. 1849)
- 1785 – Bettina von Arnim, German author, illustrator, and composer (d. 1859)[35]
- 1792 – Thaddeus Stevens, American lawyer and politician (d. 1868)
- 1802 – Dorothea Dix, American nurse and activist (d. 1887)[36]
- 1818 – Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American author and poet (d. 1883)
- 1819 – Maria II of Portugal (d. 1853)
- 1821 – Linus Yale Jr., American engineer and businessman (d. 1868)
- 1826 – Zénobe Gramme, Belgian engineer, invented the Gramme machine (d. 1901)
- 1829 – Owen Suffolk, Australian bushranger, poet, confidence-man and author (d. ?)
- 1835 – John Hughlings Jackson, English physician and neurologist (d. 1911)
- 1842 – Édouard Lucas, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1891)
- 1843 – William Henry Jackson, American painter and photographer (d. 1942)
- 1846 – Comte de Lautréamont, Uruguayan-French poet and educator (d. 1870)
- 1851 – James Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy, Irish lawyer and politician (d. 1931)
- 1853 – Remy de Gourmont, French poet, novelist, and critic (d. 1915)
- 1868 – Philippa Fawcett, English mathematician and educator (d. 1948)
- 1869 – Mary Colter, American architect, designed the Desert View Watchtower (d. 1958)
- 1875 – Pierre Monteux, Sephardic Jewish French-American viola player and conductor (d. 1964)
- 1876 – Maurice de Vlaminck, French painter and poet (d. 1958)
- 1878 – Walter Conrad Arensberg, American art collector, critic and poet (d. 1954)[37]
- 1878 – Stylianos Lykoudis, Greek admiral and historian (d. 1958)
- 1879 – Gustav Goßler, German rower (d. 1940)
- 1884 – James Alberione, Italian priest, founded the Society of St. Paul (d. 1971)
- 1884 – Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese admiral (d. 1943)
- 1886 – Frank Luther Mott, American historian and journalist (d. 1964)
- 1888 – Tris Speaker, American baseball player and manager (d. 1958)
- 1888 – Zdzisław Żygulski, Sr., Polish historian and academic (d. 1975)
- 1889 – Makhanlal Chaturvedi, Indian journalist, poet, and playwright (d. 1968)
- 1892 – Italo Mus, Italian painter (d. 1967)
- 1892 – Edith Södergran, Swedish-Finnish poet (d. 1923)[38]
- 1895 – Arthur Murray, American dancer and educator (d. 1991)
- 1896 – Robert E. Sherwood, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 1955)
- 1897 – Pierre Fresnay, French actor and screenwriter (d. 1975)
- 1898 – Agnes Ayres, American actress (d. 1940)
- 1899 – Hillel Oppenheimer, German-Israeli botanist and academic (d. 1971)
1901–present
- 1902 – Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, French journalist and author (d. 1969)
- 1902 – Stanley G. Weinbaum, American author and poet (d. 1935)
- 1905 – Eugène Bozza, French composer and conductor (d. 1991)
- 1905 – Erika Nõva, Estonian architect and engineer (d. 1987)
- 1906 – Bea Benaderet, Turkish-Irish-American television, radio, and voice actress (d. 1968)
- 1906 – John Cameron Swayze, American journalist (d. 1995)
- 1907 – Robert Askin, Australian sergeant and politician, 32nd Premier of New South Wales (d. 1981)
- 1910 – Đặng Văn Ngữ, Vietnamese physician and academic (d. 1967)
- 1913 – Dave Brown, Australian rugby league player (d. 1974)
- 1913 – Rosemary Lane, American actress and singer (d. 1974)
- 1913 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (d. 2005)
- 1913 – Jules Léger, Canadian lawyer and politician, 21st Governor General of Canada (d. 1980)
- 1913 – Muddy Waters, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1983)
- 1914 – Richard Coogan, American actor (d. 2014)
- 1914 – Marguerite Duras, French novelist, screenwriter, and director (d. 1996)
- 1914 – David W. Goodall, Australian ecologist and botanist (d. 2018)
- 1915 – Louis Archambault, Canadian sculptor (d. 2003)
- 1916 – Nikola Ljubičić, Serbian general and politician, 10th President of Serbia (d. 2005)
- 1916 – Mickey Owen, American baseball player and coach (d. 2005)
- 1916 – David White, American actor (d. 1990)
- 1918 – George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe, English soldier and politician, Leader of the House of Lords (d. 2007)
- 1920 – Ignatius IV of Antioch, Greek patriarch (d. 2012)
- 1921 – Orunamamu, American-Canadian author and educator (d. 2014)
- 1921 – Elizabeth Wilson, American actress (d. 2015)
- 1922 – Elmer Bernstein, American composer and conductor (d. 2004)
- 1923 – Peter Vaughan, English actor (d. 2016)
- 1923 – Gene Reynolds, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2020)
- 1924 – Bob Christie, American race car driver (d. 2009)
- 1924 – Gil Hodges, American baseball player and manager (d. 1972)
- 1925 – Dettmar Cramer, German footballer and manager (d. 2015)
- 1925 – Frank Truitt, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
- 1925 – Claude Wagner, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 1979)
- 1925 – Emmett Williams, American poet and author (d. 2007)
- 1926 – Ronnie Masterson, Irish actress (d. 2014)
- 1927 – Joe Orlando, Italian-American author and illustrator (d. 1998)
- 1928 – Maya Angelou, American memoirist and poet (d. 2014)
- 1928 – Jimmy Logan, Scottish actor, director, and producer (d. 2001)
- 1928 – Monty Norman, English singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2022)
- 1929 – Humbert Allen Astredo, American actor (d. 2016)
- 1930 – Netty Herawaty, Indonesian actress (d. 1989)
- 1931 – James Dickens, English politician (d. 2013)
- 1931 – Bobby Ray Inman, American admiral and intelligence officer
- 1931 – Catherine Tizard, New Zealand politician, 16th Governor-General of New Zealand (d. 2021)
- 1932 – Clive Davis, American record producer, founded Arista Records and J Records
- 1932 – Richard Lugar, American lieutenant and politician, 44th Mayor of Indianapolis (d. 2019)
- 1932 – Anthony Perkins, American actor (d. 1992)
- 1932 – Johanna Reiss, Dutch-American author
- 1932 – Andrei Tarkovsky, Russian director and producer (d. 1986)
- 1933 – Bill France Jr., American businessman (d. 2007)
- 1933 – Brian Hewson, English runner (d. 2022)
- 1933 – Bapu Nadkarni, Indian cricketer (d. 2020)
- 1934 – Helen Hanft, American actress (d. 2013)
- 1934 – Kronid Lyubarsky, Russian journalist and activist (d. 1996)
- 1935 – Geoff Braybrooke, English-New Zealand soldier and politician (d. 2013)
- 1935 – Kenneth Mars, American actor and comedian (d. 2011)
- 1935 – Trevor Griffiths, English playwright and educator
- 1938 – A. Bartlett Giamatti, American businessman and academic (d. 1989)
- 1939 – JoAnne Carner, American golfer
- 1939 – Darlene Hooley, American educator and politician
- 1939 – Hugh Masekela, South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, composer, and singer (d. 2018)
- 1940 – Richard Attwood, English race car driver
- 1940 – Sharon Sheeley, American singer-songwriter (d. 2002)
- 1941 – Zia Uddin, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and politician[39]
- 1942 – Jim Fregosi, American baseball player and manager (d. 2014)
- 1942 – Kitty Kelley, American journalist and biographer
- 1942 – Elizabeth Levy, American author
- 1944 – Magda Aelvoet, Belgian politician
- 1944 – Mary Kenny, Irish journalist, author, and playwright
- 1944 – Bob McDill, American country music songwriter
- 1944 – Craig T. Nelson, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1944 – Nelson Prudêncio, Brazilian triple jumper and educator (d. 2012)
- 1944 – Toktamış Ateş, Turkish academician, political commentator, columnist and writer (d. 2013)
- 1945 – Daniel Cohn-Bendit, French-German educator and politician
- 1945 – Caroline McWilliams, American actress (d. 2010)
- 1946 – Colin Coates, Australian speed skater
- 1946 – Dave Hill, English guitarist
- 1946 – Katsuaki Satō, Japanese martial artist and coach
- 1946 – György Spiró, Hungarian author and playwright
- 1946 – Bubba Wyche, American football player and coach
- 1947 – Wiranto, Indonesian general and politician
- 1947 – Ray Fosse, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2021)
- 1947 – Eliseo Soriano, Filipino minister and television host (d. 2021)
- 1948 – Abdullah Öcalan, Turkish activist
- 1948 – Berry Oakley, American bass player (d. 1972)
- 1948 – Richard Parsons, American lawyer and businessman
- 1948 – Dan Simmons, American author
- 1948 – Derek Thompson, Northern Irish actor
- 1948 – Pick Withers, English drummer
- 1949 – Junior Braithwaite, Jamaican-American singer (d. 1999)
- 1949 – Litsa Diamanti, Greek singer [40]
- 1949 – Shing-Tung Yau, Chinese-American mathematician and academic
- 1950 – Christine Lahti, American actress and director
- 1951 – John Hannah, American football player and coach
- 1952 – Rosemarie Ackermann, German high jumper
- 1952 – Pat Burns, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2010)
- 1952 – Gregg Hansford, Australian race car driver and motorcycle racer (d. 1995)
- 1952 – Cherie Lunghi, English actress and dancer
- 1952 – Karen Magnussen, Canadian figure skater and coach
- 1952 – Gary Moore, Northern Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2011)
- 1952 – Villy Søvndal, Danish educator and politician, Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs
- 1953 – Robert Bertrand, Canadian politician
- 1953 – Henry Fotheringham, South African cricketer
- 1953 – Simcha Jacobovici, Canadian director, producer, journalist, and author
- 1953 – Sammy Wilson, Northern Irish politician, 31st Lord Mayor of Belfast
- 1953 – Chen Yi, Chinese violinist and composer
- 1956 – Evelyn Hart, Canadian ballerina
- 1956 – Tom Herr, American baseball player and manager
- 1956 – David E. Kelley, American screenwriter and producer
- 1957 – Paul Downton, English cricketer
- 1957 – Aki Kaurismäki, Finnish director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1957 – Graeme Kelling, Scottish guitarist (d. 2004)
- 1957 – Nobuyoshi Kuwano, Japanese singer and trumpet player
- 1958 – Peter Baltes, German bass player
- 1958 – Cazuza, Brazilian singer-songwriter (d. 1990)
- 1958 – Rodney Eade, Australian footballer and coach
- 1959 – Phil Morris, American actor and screenwriter
- 1960 – Jonathan Agnew, English cricketer and sportscaster
- 1960 – Jane Eaglen, English soprano
- 1960 – Godknows Igali, Nigerian diplomat, civil servant and technocrat
- 1960 – Hugo Weaving, Nigerian-Australian actor and producer
- 1961 – Hildi Santo-Tomas, American interior decorator
- 1962 – Craig Adams, English bass player and songwriter
- 1962 – Kailasho Devi, Indian social worker and politician
- 1963 – A. Michael Baldwin, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1963 – Jack Del Rio, American football player and coach
- 1963 – Dale Hawerchuk, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2020)
- 1963 – Jane McDonald, English singer and broadcaster
- 1963 – Graham Norton, Irish actor and talk show host
- 1964 – Branco, Brazilian footballer and coach
- 1964 – Dr. Chud, American drummer and singer
- 1964 – Anthony Clark, American actor
- 1964 – David Cross, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1964 – Satoshi Furukawa, Japanese surgeon and astronaut[41]
- 1964 – Paul Parker, England international footballer and TV pundit[42]
- 1964 – Đặng Thân, Vietnamese writer and poet
- 1965 – Vinny Burns, English guitarist and producer
- 1965 – Robert Downey Jr., American actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1966 – Nancy McKeon, American actress
- 1966 – Mike Starr, American bass player (d. 2011)
- 1966 – Christos Tsekos, Greek basketball player
- 1967 – Edith Masai, Kenyan-German runner
- 1967 – George Mavrotas, Greek water polo player and politician
- 1968 – Jesús Rollán, Spanish water polo player (d. 2006)
- 1969 – Piotr Anderszewski, Polish pianist and composer
- 1969 – Karren Brady, English journalist and businesswoman
- 1970 – Georgios Amanatidis, Greek footballer and manager
- 1970 – Dimitris Basis, Greek singer [43]
- 1970 – Greg Garcia, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1970 – Barry Pepper, Canadian actor and producer
- 1970 – Jason Stoltenberg, Australian tennis player
- 1970 – Josh Todd, American singer-songwriter and actor
- 1970 – Yelena Yelesina, Russian high jumper
- 1971 – Yanic Perreault, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1971 – Malik Yusef, American actor, producer, and poet
- 1971 – John Zandig, American wrestler and promoter
- 1972 – Jim Dymock, Australian rugby league player and coach
- 1972 – Martin Rundkvist, Swedish archaeologist and professor[44]
- 1972 – Jill Scott, American singer-songwriter and actress
- 1972 – Magnus Sveningsson, Swedish bass player
- 1973 – Chris Banks, American football player (d. 2014)
- 1973 – David Blaine, American magician and producer
- 1973 – Loris Capirossi, Italian motorcycle racer
- 1973 – Peter Hoekstra, Dutch footballer and coach
- 1973 – Chris McCormack, Australian triathlete and coach
- 1973 – Kelly Price, American singer-songwriter
- 1975 – Delphine Arnault, French businesswoman
- 1975 – Thobias Fredriksson, Swedish skier
- 1975 – Joyce Giraud, Puerto Rican television actress and producer, Miss Puerto Rico 1994
- 1975 – Pamela Ribon, American actress, screenwriter, and author
- 1975 – Miranda Lee Richards, American singer-songwriter
- 1975 – Scott Rolen, American baseball player
- 1975 – Kevin Weekes, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
- 1976 – Nathan Blacklock, Australian rugby player
- 1976 – Sébastien Enjolras, French race car driver (d. 1997)
- 1976 – Emerson Ferreira da Rosa, Brazilian footballer
- 1976 – James Roday, American actor, director, and screenwriter
- 1977 – Stephan Bonnar, American mixed martial artist (d. 2022)
- 1977 – Keith Bulluck, American football player and sportscaster
- 1977 – Adam Dutkiewicz, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
- 1977 – Stephen Mulhern, English magician and television host
- 1977 – Omarr Smith, American football player and coach
- 1978 – Jason Ellison, American baseball player and scout
- 1978 – Alan Mahon, Irish footballer
- 1979 – Heath Ledger, Australian actor (d. 2008)
- 1979 – Roberto Luongo, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1979 – Natasha Lyonne, American actress
- 1979 – Andy McKee, American guitarist
- 1979 – Maksim Opalev, Russian canoeist[45]
- 1980 – Johnny Borrell, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1980 – Trevor Moore, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2021)
- 1980 – Eric Steinbach, American football player
- 1980 – Björn Wirdheim, Swedish race car driver
- 1981 – Currensy, American rapper
- 1981 – Eduardo Luís Carloto, Brazilian footballer
- 1981 – Casey Daigle, American baseball player
- 1981 – Anna Pyatykh, Russian triple jumper[46]
- 1981 – Ned Vizzini, American author and screenwriter (d. 2013)
- 1982 – Justin Cook, American voice actor and producer
- 1982 – Magnus Lindgren, Swedish chef (d. 2012)
- 1983 – Evgeny Artyukhin, Russian ice hockey player
- 1983 – Eric André, American comedian[47]
- 1983 – Ben Gordon, American basketball player
- 1983 – Doug Lynch, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1983 – Natalie Pike, Scottish-English model and actress
- 1983 – Amanda Righetti, American actress
- 1984 – Sean May, American basketball player
- 1984 – Arkady Vyatchanin, Russian swimmer
- 1985 – Rudy Fernández, Spanish basketball player
- 1985 – Dudi Sela, Israeli tennis player
- 1985 – Ricardo Vilar, Brazilian footballer
- 1986 – Eunhyuk, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
- 1986 – Cameron Barker, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1986 – Maurice Manificat, French skier
- 1986 – Aiden McGeady, Scottish-born Irish footballer
- 1986 – Alexander Tettey, Norwegian footballer
- 1987 – Sami Khedira, German footballer
- 1987 – McDonald Mariga, Kenyan footballer
- 1987 – Cameron Maybin, American baseball player
- 1987 – Marcos Vellidis, Greek footballer
- 1987 – Sarah Gadon, Canadian actress
- 1988 – Frank Fielding, English footballer
- 1989 – Vurnon Anita, Dutch footballer
- 1989 – Steven Finn, English cricketer[48]
- 1989 – Chris Herd, Australian footballer[49]
- 1991 – Yui Koike, Japanese singer and actress
- 1991 – Asia Muhammad, American tennis player[50]
- 1991 – Justin O'Neill, Australian rugby league player
- 1991 – Martín Pérez, Venezuelan baseball player[51]
- 1991 – Jamie Lynn Spears, American actress and singer
- 1991 – Marlon Stöckinger, Filipino race car driver[52]
- 1992 – Lucy May Barker, English actress and singer
- 1992 – Christina Metaxa, Cypriot singer-songwriter
- 1992 – Ricky Dillon, American YouTuber and singer
- 1993 – Samir Carruthers, English footballer
- 1993 – Frank Kaminsky, American basketball player
- 1994 – Shunsuke Nishikawa, Japanese actor
- 1994 – Risako Sugaya, Japanese singer and actress
- 1996 – Austin Mahone, American singer-songwriter and actor
- 2003 – Harvey Elliott, English footballer[53]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 397 – Ambrose, Roman archbishop and saint (b. 338)
- 636 – Isidore of Seville, Spanish archbishop and saint (b. 560)
- 814 – Plato of Sakkoudion, Byzantine monk and saint (b. 735)
- 896 – Formosus, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 816)
- 911 – Liu Yin, Chinese warlord and governor (b. 874)
- 931 – Kong Xun, Chinese official and governor (b. 884)
- 968 – Abu Firas al-Hamdani, Arab prince and poet (b. 932)
- 991 – Reginold, bishop of Eichstätt[54]
- 1284 – Alfonso X, king of Castile and León (b. 1221)
- 1292 – Nicholas IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1227)
- 1406 – Robert III, king of Scotland (b.1337)[55]
- 1483 – Henry Bourchier, 1st Earl of Essex (b. c. 1405)
- 1536 – Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1460)
- 1538 – Elena Glinskaya, Grand Princess and regent of Russia
- 1588 – Frederick II, king of Denmark and Norway (b. 1534)
- 1589 – Benedict the Moor, Sicilian Franciscan friar and saint (b. 1526) 1
- 1596 – Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. 1533)
1601–1900
- 1609 – Carolus Clusius, Flemish botanist, mycologist, and academic (b. 1526)
- 1617 – John Napier, Scottish mathematician, physicist, and astronomer (b. 1550)
- 1643 – Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian and academic (b. 1583)
- 1661 – Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, Scottish field marshal (b. 1580)
- 1743 – Daniel Neal, English historian and author (b. 1678)
- 1761 – Théodore Gardelle, Swiss painter (b. 1722)
- 1766 – John Taylor, English librarian and scholar (b. 1704)
- 1774 – Oliver Goldsmith, Irish novelist, playwright and poet (b. 1728)
- 1792 – James Sykes, American lawyer and politician (b. 1725)
- 1807 – Jérôme Lalande, French astronomer and academic (b. 1732)
- 1817 – André Masséna, French general (b. 1758)
- 1841 – William Henry Harrison, American general and politician, 9th President of the United States (b. 1773)
- 1846 – Solomon Sibley, American lawyer and politician, 1st Mayor of Detroit (b. 1769)
- 1861 – John McLean, American jurist and politician, 6th United States Postmaster General (b. 1785)
- 1863 – Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver (b. 1790)
- 1864 – Joseph Pitty Couthouy, American commander and paleontologist (b. 1808)
- 1870 – Heinrich Gustav Magnus, German chemist and physicist (b. 1802)
- 1874 – Charles Ernest Beulé, French archaeologist and politician (b. 1826)
- 1875 – Karl Mauch, German geographer and explorer (b. 1837)
- 1878 – Richard M. Brewer, American criminal (b. 1850)
- 1879 – Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, German physicist and meteorologist (b. 1803)
- 1883 – Peter Cooper, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Cooper Union (b. 1791)
- 1890 – Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Premier of Quebec (b. 1820)
- 1890 – Edmond Hébert, French geologist and academic (b. 1812)
1901–present
- 1912 – Charles Brantley Aycock, American lawyer and politician, 50th Governor of North Carolina (b. 1859)
- 1912 – Isaac K. Funk, American minister, lexicographer, and publisher, co-founded Funk & Wagnalls (b. 1839)
- 1913 – Emmanouil Argyropoulos, Greek pioneer aviator (b. 1889) [56]
- 1913 – Konstantinos Manos, Greek politician, poet, soldier and sportsman (b. 1869)[57]
- 1919 – William Crookes, English chemist and physicist (b. 1832)
- 1919 – Francisco Marto, Portuguese saint (b. 1908)
- 1923 – John Venn, English mathematician and philosopher, created the Venn diagram (b. 1834)
- 1928 – Konstantinos Maleas, Greek painter (b. 1879) [58]
- 1929 – Karl Benz, German engineer and businessman, founded Mercedes-Benz (b. 1844)
- 1931 – André Michelin, French businessman, co-founded the Michelin Tyre Company (b. 1853)
- 1932 – Wilhelm Ostwald, Latvian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1853)
- 1933 – Elizabeth Bacon Custer, American author and educator (b. 1842)
- 1944 – Morris H. Whitehouse, American architect (b. 1878)[59]
- 1951 – George Albert Smith, American religious leader, 8th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1870)
- 1953 – Carol II of Romania (b. 1893)
- 1957 – E. Herbert Norman, Canadian historian and diplomat (b. 1909)
- 1958 – Johnny Stompanato, American soldier and bodyguard (b. 1925)
- 1961 – Harald Riipalu, Estonian military commander (b. 1912)
- 1961 – Simion Stoilow, Romanian mathematician and academic (b. 1873)
- 1963 – Oskari Tokoi, Finnish socialist and the Chairman of the Senate of Finland (b. 1873)[60]
- 1967 – Al Lewis, American songwriter (b. 1901)
- 1967 – Héctor Scarone, Uruguayan footballer and manager (b. 1898)
- 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr., American minister and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (assassinated) (b. 1929)
- 1972 – Adam Clayton Powell Jr., American pastor and politician (b. 1908)
- 1972 – Stefan Wolpe, German-American composer and academic (b. 1902)
- 1976 – Harry Nyquist, Swedish engineer and theorist (b. 1889)
- 1977 – Andrey Dikiy, Ukrainian-American journalist, historian, and politician (b. 1893)
- 1979 – Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistani lawyer and politician, 4th President of Pakistan (b. 1928)
- 1979 – Edgar Buchanan, American actor (b. 1903)
- 1980 – Red Sovine, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1917)
- 1983 – Gloria Swanson, American actress (b. 1899)
- 1983 – Bernard Vukas, Croatian football player, played for 1953 FIFA's "Rest of the World" team against England at Wembley (b. 1927)
- 1984 – Oleg Antonov, Russian-Ukrainian engineer and businessman, founded Antonov Design Bureau (b. 1906)[61]
- 1985 – Kate Roberts, Welsh author and activist (b. 1891)
- 1987 – C. L. Moore, American author and academic (b. 1911)
- 1987 – Chögyam Trungpa, Tibetan guru, poet, and scholar (b. 1939)
- 1987 – Sachchidananda Vatsyayan, Indian journalist and author (b. 1911)
- 1991 – Edmund Adamkiewicz, German footballer (b. 1920)
- 1991 – Max Frisch, Swiss playwright and novelist (b. 1911)
- 1991 – H. John Heinz III, American soldier and politician (b. 1938)
- 1991 – Graham Ingels, American illustrator (b. 1915)
- 1992 – Yvette Brind'Amour, Canadian actress and director (b. 1918)
- 1992 – Jack Hamilton, Australian footballer (b. 1928)
- 1992 – Arthur Russell, American singer-songwriter and cellist (b. 1951)
- 1993 – Alfred Mosher Butts, American game designer, invented Scrabble (b. 1899)
- 1993 – Douglas Leopold, Canadian radio and television host (b. 1947)
- 1995 – Kenny Everett, English radio and television host (b. 1944)
- 1995 – Priscilla Lane, American actress (b. 1915)
- 1996 – Barney Ewell, American runner and long jumper (b. 1918)
- 1996 – Boone Guyton, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1913)
- 1997 – Leo Picard, German-Israeli geologist and academic (b. 1900)
- 1997 – Alparslan Türkeş, Turkish colonel and politician, 39th Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1917)
- 1999 – Lucille Lortel, American actress, artistic director and producer (b. 1900)
- 1999 – Early Wynn, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1920)
- 2001 – Liisi Oterma, Finnish astronomer (b. 1915)
- 2001 – Ed Roth, American illustrator and engineer (b. 1932)
- 2001 – Maury Van Vliet, American-Canadian academic (b. 1913)
- 2003 – Anthony Caruso, American actor (b. 1916)
- 2004 – Briek Schotte, Belgian cyclist and coach (b. 1919)
- 2005 – Edward Bronfman, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1924)
- 2007 – Bob Clark, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1941)
- 2007 – Karen Spärck Jones, English computer scientist and academic (b. 1935)
- 2008 – Francis Tucker, South African race car driver (b. 1923)
- 2009 – Maxine Cooper, American actress, activist and photographer (b. 1924)
- 2011 – Scott Columbus, American drummer (b. 1956)
- 2011 – Juliano Mer-Khamis, Israeli actor, director, and activist (b. 1958)
- 2012 – A. Dean Byrd, American psychologist and academic (b. 1948)
- 2012 – Dimitris Christoulas, Greek pensioner who committed suicide in public (b. 1935) [62]
- 2012 – Anne Karin Elstad, Norwegian author and educator (b. 1938)
- 2012 – Claude Miller, French director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
- 2012 – Dubravko Pavličić, Croatian footballer (b. 1967)
- 2012 – Roberto Rexach Benítez, Puerto Rican academic and politician, 10th President of the Senate of Puerto Rico (b. 1929)
- 2013 – Bengt Blomgren, Swedish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
- 2013 – Roger Ebert, American journalist, critic, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
- 2013 – Carmine Infantino, American illustrator (b. 1925)
- 2013 – Tommy Tycho, Hungarian-Australian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1928)
- 2013 – Ian Walsh, Australian rugby player and coach (b. 1933)
- 2013 – Noboru Yamaguchi, Japanese author (b. 1972)
- 2014 – İsmet Atlı, Turkish wrestler and trainer (b. 1931)
- 2014 – Wayne Henderson, American trombonist and producer (b. 1939)
- 2014 – Kumba Ialá, Bissau-Guinean soldier and politician, President of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1953)
- 2014 – Margo MacDonald, Scottish journalist and politician (b. 1943)[63]
- 2014 – Curtis Bill Pepper, American journalist and author (b. 1917)
- 2014 – Muhammad Qutb, Egyptian author and academic (b. 1919)
- 2015 – Jamaluddin Jarjis, Malaysian engineer and politician (b. 1951)
- 2015 – Elmer Lach, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1918)
- 2015 – Donald N. Levine, American sociologist and academic (b. 1931)
- 2015 – Klaus Rifbjerg, Danish author and poet (b. 1931)
- 2016 – Chus Lampreave, Spanish actress (b. 1930)
Holidays and observances
- Children's Day (Hong Kong, Taiwan)
- Christian feast day:
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Senegal from France (1960).
- Peace Day (Angola)[64]
- One of the possible days for Qingming Festival.
- NATO Day[65][66]
References
- ↑ Greswell, Edward (1854). Origines Kalendariae Italicae: Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy, Mundinal Calendar of Romulus, Calendar of Numa Pompilius, Calendar of the Decemvirs, Irregular Roman Calendar, and Julian Correction. Vol. 2. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 186. OCLC 833711074.
- ↑ Cullen, Christopher (2017). Heavenly Numbers: Astronomy and Authority in Early Imperial China. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 336. ISBN 9780198733119; Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Loewe, Michael, eds. (1986). The Cambridge History of China. Volume 1: The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C.-A.D. 220. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 348. ISBN 9780521243278.
- ↑ Flores, Patricia del Águila; Blakely, Brenda (2010). The Maya: An Architectural and Landscape Guide. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. p. 148. ISBN 9788475952529; Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai (2008). Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 161. ISBN 9780500287262; Hutson, Scott; Ardren, Traci (2020). The Maya World. New York: Routledge. p. 335. ISBN 9781138492837.
- ↑ Bradbury, Jim (2006). The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. London: Routledge. p. 116. ISBN 9780415413954.
- ↑ George Ostrogorsky (1957). History of the Byzantine State. p. 404.
- ↑ Fabris, Antonio (1992). "From Adrianople to Constantinople: Venetian–Ottoman diplomatic missions, 1360–1453". Mediterranean Historical Review. 7 (2): 154–200. doi:10.1080/09518969208569639.
- ↑ Dunn, Jane (2004). Elizabeth and Mary: Cousins, Rivals, Queens. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. xviii. ISBN 9780307425744.
- ↑ Magnier, Grace (2010). Pedro de Valencia and the Catholic Apologists of the Expulsion of the Moriscos: Visions of Christianity and Kingship. Leiden: Brill. p. 2. ISBN 9789004182882.
- ↑ Pastoor, Charles; Johnson, Galen K. (2007). "Historical Dictionary of the Puritans". Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 100. ISBN 9780810850859.
- ↑ Rudwick, Martin J.S. (1998). Georges Cuvier, Fossil Bones, and Geological Catastrophes: New Translations and Interpretations of the Primary Texts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 16–18. ISBN 9780226731087.
- ↑ Falk, Avner (2007). Napoleon Against Himself: A Psychobiography. Charlottesville, Va.: Pitchstone Publishing. pp. 397–398. ISBN 9780972887564.
- ↑ Flag Manual. Washington, D.C.: United States Marine Corps. 1989. p. 6. OCLC 21271105.
- ↑ Stevens, Kenneth R. (1998). William Henry Harrison: A Bibliography. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. xvi. ISBN 9780313281679.
- ↑ Kuustera, Antti. "Markan matkassa - Suomen rahajärjestelmän historiaa 1840-1997" (PDF). Kansantaloudellinen Aikakauskirja (in Finnish) (2/1997).
- ↑ Burlingame, Michael (2013). "Abraham Lincoln: A Life". Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 788–789. ISBN 9781421409733.
- ↑ Ely, Christopher (2016). Underground Petersburg: Radical Populism, Urban Space, and the Tactics of Subversion in Reform-Era Russia. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. pp. 99–100. ISBN 9781501758072.
- ↑ Buchanan, Paul D. (2009). The American Women's Rights Movement: A Chronology of Events and of Opportunities From 1600 to 2008. Boston: Branden Books. p. 89. ISBN 9780828321600.
- ↑ Meyer, Bertrand; Sébrier, Michel; Dimitrov, Dimitar (2007). "Rare destructive earthquakes in Europe: The 1904 Bulgaria event case". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 253 (3–4): 485–496. Bibcode:2007E&PSL.253..485M. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.011.
- ↑ "Παναγιώτης Ηλ. Πουλίτσας (1881-1968) - Δημόσια Κεντρική Βιβλιοθήκη Σπάρτης".
- ↑ "AFI|Catalog". catalog.afi.com. Retrieved 2022-04-10.
- ↑ Birch, Jonah; Honey, Michael K. (23 May 2018). "The Second Emancipation". Jacobin. No. 29. pp. 21–22. ISSN 2470-6930. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
- ↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 N1335U New Hope, GA". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2022-04-03.
- ↑ Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
- ↑ "Decision of the National People's Congress on the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region of the People's Republic of China". Government of Hong Kong. 4 April 1990. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
- ↑ Gross, Jane (6 April 1991). "6 Are Killed as 8-Hour Siege By Gang Ends in California". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Saab 340B PH-KSH Amsterdam-Schiphol Airport (AMS)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
- ↑ Hadfield, Chris (2013). An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth. Little Brown. pp. 83–84. ISBN 9780316253017.
- ↑ "M 7.2 - 12km SW of Delta, B.C., MX". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident Canadair CL-600-2B19 Regional Jet CRJ-100ER 4L-GAE Kinshasa-N'Djili Airport (FIH)". Aviation Safety Network.
- ↑ Research, CNN Editorial (27 August 2013). "Sarin Fast Facts". CNN. Retrieved 2022-01-12.
{{cite news}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ↑ "Finland to join Nato military alliance on Tuesday". BBC News. 2023-04-03. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- ↑ "Caracalla | Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ↑ Wood, Betty (2004). "Strachey, William (1572–1621), historian of Virginia". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26623. Retrieved 3 February 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 13 Western Europe (1700-1800). BRILL. 2019. p. 529. ISBN 978-90-04-40283-6.
- ↑ Frederiksen, Elke; Goodman, Katherine (1995). Bettina Brentano-von Arnim: Gender and Politics. Detroit: Wayne State University. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-81432-516-2.
- ↑ Brown, Thomas J. (1998). Dorothea Dix: New England Reformer. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-67421-488-0.
- ↑ Archino, Sarah (2016). "Arensberg, Walter (1878–1954)". Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM758-1. ISBN 9781135000356.
- ↑ "Edith Södergran". Vetamix (in Swedish). Svenska nu. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
- ↑ Ahmad, Farhad (11 April 2019). মাওলানা শায়খ জিয়া উদ্দিন দা.বা. এর কর্মময় জীবনালেখ্য (in Bengali).
- ↑ "Λίτσα Διαμάντη - retroDB" (in Greek). Retrodb.gr. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
- ↑ O'Sullivan, John (2019). Japanese Missions to the International Space Station: Hope from the East. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Praxis Books. p. 176. ISBN 9783030045340.
- ↑ "Paul Parker". soccerbase.com. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ↑ "Δημήτρης Μπάσης - Το πρώτο μου τραγούδι". Ogdoo.gr. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
- ↑ Rundkvist, Martin (12 December 2007). "New Archaeological Exhibit Offers Questions, No Answers". Aardvarchaeology. WordPress. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
- ↑ "Maksim Opalev". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ↑ "Anna PYATYKH | Profile". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
- ↑ "Eric Andre Biography". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 2012-07-06. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
- ↑ "Steven Finn". SkySports. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ↑ "Chris Herd". ESPN. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ↑ "Asia Muhammad | Player Stats & More – WTA Official". Women's Tennis Association. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ↑ "Martin Perez". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
- ↑ "Marlon Stockinger - Racing career". Driver DB. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
- ↑ "Harvey Elliott: Overview". Premier League. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ↑ Wendehorst, Alfred (2006). Das Bistum Eichstätt. Band 1: Die Bischofsreihe bis 1535. Berlin. pp. 45–48. ISBN 978-3-11-018971-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "King Robert III: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
- ↑ Ralph S. Cooper, D.V.M. "Emmanouil Argyropoulos". Earlyaviators.com. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
- ↑ Nikos D. Karabelas (2 February 2021). Preveza Chronicles: Index of issues 1-50. Scholastic. ISBN 978-960-7660-25-1.
- ↑ "Ο άγνωστος Κωνσταντίνος Μαλέας «φέρνει» έργα της περιόδου 1901-1910 στον Χώρο Τέχνης «ΣΤΟart Κοραή» - Cat Is Art". Catisart.gr. 2021-04-03. Retrieved 2022-08-23.
- ↑ "Morris Homans Whitehouse (Architect)". Pacific Coast Architecture Database. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
- ↑ "Etusivu". kansallisbiografia.fi.
- ↑ Campbell, Robert W. (2016). A Biographical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Economists. London: Routledge. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-13868-659-5.
- ↑ Kitsantonis, Niki (5 April 2012). "Pensioner's Suicide Continues to Shake Greece". The New York Times.
- ↑ "Margo MacDonald obituary". The Guardian. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ↑ James, W. Martin (2018). Historical Dictionary of Angola. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-5381-1123-9.
- ↑ Administrator. "Speech by Ismet Ramadani, NATO day - 4th of April". www.atamacedonia.org.mk. Retrieved 2023-04-05.
- ↑ NATO. "NATO Day marked across the Alliance". NATO. Retrieved 2023-04-05.
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