Sir Alexander Woodford
Sir Alexander Woodford
Born15 June 1782
Welbeck Street, London
Died26 August 1870 (aged 88)
Royal Hospital Chelsea, London
Buried
Kensal Green Cemetery
AllegianceUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Army
Years of service1794–1843
RankField Marshal
Commands held1st battalion Coldstream Guards
2nd battalion Coldstream Guards
Battles/warsFrench Revolutionary Wars
Napoleonic Wars
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

Field Marshal Sir Alexander George Woodford, GCB, KCMG (15 June 1782 – 26 August 1870), was a British Army officer. After taking part in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland, he served in most of the battles of the Napoleonic Wars. During the Hundred Days he commanded the 2nd battalion of the Coldstream Guards at the Battle of Quatre Bras, the Battle of Waterloo and the storming of Cambrai. He went on to become lieutenant governor and brigade commander at Malta, lieutenant governor and brigade commander at Corfu and then commander of the British garrison on the Ionian Islands before being appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar.

Military career

Born at 30 Welbeck Street, London,[1] the son of Lieutenant-Colonel John Woodford and Lady Susan Gordon (daughter of Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon), Woodford was educated at Winchester College and Royal Military Academy, Woolwich before being commissioned as an ensign in the 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot on 6 December 1794.[2] He was promoted to lieutenant in the 22nd (the Cheshire) Regiment of Foot on 15 July 1795 and transferred back to the 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot in September 1799[3] before seeing action at the Battle of Alkmaar in October 1799 (where he was wounded) during the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.[4] Promoted to captain lieutenant on 14 December 1799,[5] he transferred to the Coldstream Guards on 28 December 1799[6] and became aide-de-camp to Major-General Sir James Forbes in Sicily in 1803.[2] He took part in the Battle of Copenhagen in August 1807 before rejoining Lord Forbes' staff in Sicily in March 1808.[4] After returning London, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 8 March 1810.[4]

Woodford was deployed to Spain in early 1811 and, after arriving at Isla de León, he took part in the Siege of Cádiz in March 1811, the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812 and the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812 before also fighting at the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812 and the Siege of Burgos in September 1812 during the Peninsular War.[4] He commanded the 1st battalion of the Coldstream Guards at the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813, the Siege of San Sebastián in August 1813 and the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813 as well as the Battle of the Nive in December 1813 and the Battle of Bayonne in April 1814.[4] He was appointed an aide-de-camp to the Prince Regent with the rank of colonel on 4 June 1814.[7]

During the Hundred Days, Woodford commanded the 2nd battalion of the Coldstream Guards at the Battle of Quatre Bras, the Battle of Waterloo and the storming of Cambrai in June 1815.[4] During the closing stages of the Battle of Waterloo, Woodford fought his way into the Château d'Hougoumont, one of the key landmarks on the battlefield, and then took command of it as the Duke of Wellington ordered a general advance on the French.[8] Woodford was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 4 June 1815[9] and a Knight of the Austrian Military Order of Maria Theresa on 2 August 1815.[10] He remained in command of his battalion when it formed part of the Army of Occupation of France.[2]

Promoted to major general on 27 May 1825,[11] Woodford became lieutenant governor and brigade commander at Malta in 1825 and lieutenant governor and brigade commander at Corfu in 1827.[4] Advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 13 September 1831[12] and appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George on 30 June 1832, he became commander of the British garrison on the Ionian Islands (where he also briefly served as acting Lord High Commissioner) in 1832.[4] He went on to be Lieutenant-Governor of Gibraltar in February 1835 and Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Gibraltar in September 1836.[13]

Promoted to lieutenant general on 28 June 1838,[14] Woodford retired from active military service in 1843.[4] Advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 6 April 1852[15] and having been promoted to full general on 20 June 1854,[16] he became Lieutenant-Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in September 1856[17] and was appointed to a Royal Commission to inquire into the system of Promotion and Retirement in the higher ranks of the Army in May 1863.[18] Promoted to field marshal on 1 January 1868,[19] he was raised to the office of Governor of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in August 1868.[20] He also served as colonel of the 40th Regiment of Foot and then as colonel of the Scots Fusilier Guards.[21] He died at the governor's residence at the Royal Chelsea Hospital on 26 August 1870 and was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery.[4]

Family

Woodford's father was descended maternally from Ralph Brideoake, a 17th-century clergyman who became Dean of Salisbury.[22]

In 1820 Woodford married Charlotte Mary Ann Fraser; they had two sons one of whom, Charles John Woodford, was killed at the Siege of Cawnpore during the Indian Mutiny and is commemorated by a memorial stone in the floor of the north transept of Westminster Abbey.[23]

The Château d'Hougoumont held by Woodford during the closing stages of the Battle of Waterloo

The elder son, the Reverend Adolphus Frederick Alexander Woodford, left the Coldstream Guards for a career in the Anglican Church, later becoming a prominent historian of Freemasonry.[24]

Woodford also had a younger brother, John George Woodford (1785–1879), who enjoyed a similarly respectable military career. During this career, he fought in numerous battles in the Napoleonic Wars, including Waterloo, where some sources (Medieval Dead with Tim Sutherland) state that he was the last living British officer to have served at the battle upon his death. He also contributed a large part to military reform in the nineteenth-century, particularly such acts as the abolishment of the purchase of commissions and certain punishment methods. He is also noted for the archaeological excavations that he carried out at the supposed battle-field site of Azincourt. His brother died at the age of ninety-four in Keswick in 1879.[25]

References

  1. ↑ Lee, Sidney (1900). "Alexander George Woodford". Dictionary of National Biography. p. 393.
  2. 1 2 3 "Sir Alexander George Woodford". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29915. Retrieved 4 January 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ↑ "No. 15179". The London Gazette. 7 September 1799. p. 906.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Heathcote, p. 317
  5. ↑ "No. 15212". The London Gazette. 10 December 1799. p. 1281.
  6. ↑ "No. 15216". The London Gazette. 24 December 1799. p. 1331.
  7. ↑ "No. 16906". The London Gazette. 7 June 1814. p. 1182.
  8. ↑ "The Coldstream Regiment of Footguards". British Empire. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  9. ↑ "No. 17061". The London Gazette. 16 September 1815. p. 1877.
  10. ↑ "No. 17064". The London Gazette. 23 September 1815. p. 1941.
  11. ↑ "No. 18141". The London Gazette. 28 May 1825. p. 926.
  12. ↑ "No. 18850". The London Gazette. 13 September 1831. p. 1893.
  13. ↑ "No. 19416". The London Gazette. 2 September 1836. p. 1549.
  14. ↑ "No. 19631". The London Gazette. 3 July 1838. p. 1489.
  15. ↑ "No. 21307". The London Gazette. 6 April 1852. p. 988.
  16. ↑ "No. 21564". The London Gazette. 22 June 1854. p. 1931.
  17. ↑ "No. 21937". The London Gazette. 4 November 1856. p. 3575.
  18. ↑ "No. 22734". The London Gazette. 9 May 1863. p. 2521.
  19. ↑ "No. 23340". The London Gazette. 7 January 1868. p. 53.
  20. ↑ "No. 23415". The London Gazette. 21 August 1868. p. 4630.
  21. ↑ "No. 22598". The London Gazette. 14 February 1862. p. 774.
  22. ↑ Dalton, Charles (1904). The Waterloo roll call. With biographical notes and anecdotes. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. p. 108.
  23. ↑ "Sir Henry Barnard". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  24. ↑ John A. Seed, AFA Woodford, Ars Quatuor Coronatorum 93, 1980, pp 118–128
  25. ↑ "John George Woodford". Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 19 August 2016.

Sources

  • Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
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