Pacific leaping blenny
A leaping blenny jumping
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Blenniiformes
Family: Blenniidae
Genus: Alticus
Species:
A. arnoldorum
Binomial name
Alticus arnoldorum
(Curtiss, 1938)[2]
Synonyms[3][4]
  • Blennius arnoldorum Curtiss, 1938

The Pacific leaping blenny (Alticus arnoldorum), also known as the leaping rockskipper,[5] is a species of combtooth blenny (family Blenniidae) in the genus Alticus. The blennies are oviparous, and form distinct pairs when mating.[6] Males can reach a maximum total length of 8 centimetres (3.15 inches).[2][7] These fish feed primarily on benthic algae,[8] which they consume by scraping off rocky surfaces.[9]

Description

Male Pacific leaping blennies have prominent head crests and orange-red dorsal fins.[10]

Distribution and habitat

The Pacific leaping blenny is a tropical blenny found in reefs in Samoa and the Marianas, Society, and Cook Islands, in the western and southern Pacific Ocean.[2] The blennies are noted for leaping from hole to hole in the limestone rocks they inhabit, when disturbed;[2] each of the common names for the species is derived from this. They are able to dwell on land for several hours at a time, and have been reported performing many activities, including foraging and mating while out of the water. However, they are only able to survive on land during midtide; if they remain out of water when the tide lowers enough that they cannot be kept moist, they dry out and suffocate.[11] In a study performed by Tonia Hsieh of Temple University, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it was discovered that members of A. arnoldorum are able to thrive on land due to their ability to twist their tails axially at 90 degrees, to propel their bodies. Hsieh noted that the twisting of the tail was a behaviourism unique to A. arnoldorum and species in the genus Andamia; the two genera were subsequently considered terrestrial.[9]

Name

The identity of the person commemorated in the specific name of this blenny is unclear. The author, Curtiss, is known to have read The Sea-Beach at Ebb-Tide: A Guide to the Study of the Seaweeds and the Lower Animal Life Found Between Tidemarks by Augusta Foote Arnold (1844-1903) and gave several taxa a similar epithet.[12]

References

  1. ↑ Williams, J.T. (2014). "Alticus arnoldorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T48321090A48364734. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T48321090A48364734.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Alticus arnoldorum at www.fishbase.org.
  3. ↑ Synonyms of Alticus arnoldorum at www.fishbase.org.
  4. ↑ Curtiss, A., 1938 [ref. 18057] A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands. Guide Printing Company, Inc., Brooklyn, New York. i-xvi + 1-193.
  5. ↑ Common names for Alticus arnoldorum at www.fishbase.org.
  6. ↑ Reproduction of Alticus arnoldorum at www.fishbase.org.
  7. ↑ Alticus arnoldorum at www.fishwise.co.za.
  8. ↑ Food items reported for Alticus arnoldorum at www.fishbase.org.
  9. 1 2 "Pacific leaping blenny now considered a terrestrial species" Archived 2013-12-24 at the Wayback Machine www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk
  10. ↑ Morgans, CL; Cooke, GM; Ord, TJ (6 May 2014). "How populations differentiate despite gene flow: sexual and natural selection drive phenotypic divergence within a land fish, the Pacific leaping blenny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (97): 97. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-97. PMC 4055934. PMID 24884492.
  11. ↑ Pictures: "Walking" Fish a Model of Evolution in Action. Christine Dell'Amore, September 1st, 2011. National Geographic News.
  12. ↑ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (26 October 2018). "Order BLENNIIFORMES: Family BLENNIIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
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