Arkansas's 1st congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
Representative	Rick Crawford R–Jonesboro
Area	17,521 sq mi (45,380 km2)
Distribution	55.5% rural 44.5% urban
Population (2022)	747,672[1]
Median household income	$50,233[1]
Ethnicity	76.3% White 18.0% Black 3.1% Hispanic 1.6% Two or more races 0.5% Asian 0.4% other
Occupation	48.8% White-collar 35% Blue-collar 16.2% Gray-collar
Cook PVI	R+22[2]

Arkansas's 1st congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in eastern Arkansas that elects a representative to the United States House of Representatives. It is currently represented by Republican Rick Crawford. With a Cook Partisan Voting Index rating of R+22, it is the most Republican district in Arkansas, a state with an all-Republican congressional delegation.^[2]

Political history

The Mississippi Delta became dominated by industrial agriculture in the 20th century, with cotton, rice, and soybeans by far the biggest exports from the region. The 1st District covers most of the Arkansas Delta area and stretches as far west as the Ozarks. The farming areas, despite their fertility, are generally poor by national standards. Jobs are limited and unemployment and undereducation are major issues. Rice farms receive substantial subsidies from the federal farming program. Three of the top five subsidy farms in the United States are in this district, and they have received more than $100 million since 1996.

Some manufacturing has taken place in the region recently. Several auto parts factories were built in Marion, and Toyota has considered it as the site for its seventh North American plant. Jonesboro is the largest city. It is home to a sizable food processing industry, with companies such as Nestle and Frito-Lay sited here. Jonesboro is also home to Arkansas State University (ASU)-Jonesboro. While Jonesboro is dominated by conservative white Republican voters, as are some of the hill counties, African Americans in the Mississippi River Delta are committed Democratic voters.

Until recently, this district makeup resulted in a fairly closely divided vote in national politics. However, the district has been swept up in the growing Republican trend in Arkansas. While Al Gore narrowly carried the district in 2000 with 50% of the vote, George W. Bush won the district in 2004. The district swung even more Republican in 2008, giving John McCain 58.69% of the vote while Barack Obama received 38.41% here. The Republican vote has steadily increased since then with Donald Trump tallying 65 percent of the vote in 2016, his best showing in the state.

Geography

2003–2013

The district from 2003 to 2013

Before the 2010 census, the 1st district represented portions of northeastern Arkansas, encompassing the counties of Arkansas, Baxter, Clay, Cleburne, Craighead, Crittenden, Cross, Fulton, Greene, Independence, Izard, Jackson, Lawrence, Lee, Lonoke, Mississippi, Monroe, Phillips, Poinsett, Prairie, Randolph, Saint Francis, Searcy, Sharp, Stone, and Woodruff.

Recent election results from statewide races

List of members representing the district

The district was created in 1853 after the 1850 United States Census added a second seat to the state. The at-large seat then was split between this district and the second district.

Member	Party	Year	Cong ress	Electoral history	Location
District created March 4, 1853
Alfred B. Greenwood (Bentonville)	Democratic	March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1859	33rd 34th 35th	Elected in 1853. Re-elected in 1854. Re-elected in 1856. Retired.
Thomas C. Hindman (Helena)	Democratic	March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861	36th	Elected in 1858. Re-elected in 1860 but resigned due to Civil War.
Vacant		March 4, 1861 – June 22, 1868	37th 38th 39th 40th	Civil War and Reconstruction
Logan H. Roots (Duvalls Bluff)	Republican	June 22, 1868 – March 3, 1871	40th 41st	Elected in 1868 to finish term. Re-elected in 1868. Lost re-election.
James M. Hanks (Helena)	Democratic	March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1873	42nd	Elected in 1870. Retired.
Asa Hodges (Marion)	Republican	March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875	43rd	Elected in 1872. Retired.
Lucien C. Gause (Jacksonport)	Democratic	March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1879	44th 45th	Elected in 1874. Re-elected in 1876. Retired.
Poindexter Dunn (Forrest City)	Democratic	March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1889	46th 47th 48th 49th 50th	Elected in 1878. Re-elected in 1880. Re-elected in 1882. Re-elected in 1884. Re-elected in 1886. Retired.
William H. Cate (Jonesboro)	Democratic	March 4, 1889 – March 5, 1890	51st	Elected in 1888. Lost contested election.
Lewis P. Featherstone (Forrest City)	Labor	March 5, 1890 – March 3, 1891	51st	Successfully contested William H. Cate's 1888 election. Lost re-election.
William H. Cate (Jonesboro)	Democratic	March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893	52nd	Elected in 1890. Retired.[3]
Philip D. McCulloch Jr. (Marianna)	Democratic	March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1903	53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th	Elected in 1892. Re-elected in 1894. Re-elected in 1896. Re-elected in 1898. Re-elected in 1900. Retired.
Robert B. Macon (Helena)	Democratic	March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1913	58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd	Elected in 1902. Re-elected in 1904. Re-elected in 1906. Re-elected in 1908. Re-elected in 1910. Lost renomination.
Thaddeus H. Caraway (Jonesboro)	Democratic	March 4, 1913 – March 3, 1921	63rd 64th 65th 66th	Elected in 1912. Re-elected in 1914. Re-elected in 1916. Re-elected in 1918. Retired to run for U.S. senator.
William J. Driver (Osceola)	Democratic	March 4, 1921 – January 3, 1939	67th 68th 69th 70th 71st 72nd 73rd 74th 75th	Elected in 1920. Re-elected in 1922. Re-elected in 1924. Re-elected in 1926. Re-elected in 1928. Re-elected in 1930. Re-elected in 1932. Re-elected in 1934. Re-elected in 1936. Lost renomination.
Ezekiel C. Gathings (West Memphis)	Democratic	January 3, 1939 – January 3, 1969	76th 77th 78th 79th 80th 81st 82nd 83rd 84th 85th 86th 87th 88th 89th 90th	Elected in 1938. Re-elected in 1940. Re-elected in 1942. Re-elected in 1944. Re-elected in 1946. Re-elected in 1948. Re-elected in 1950. Re-elected in 1952. Re-elected in 1954. Re-elected in 1956. Re-elected in 1958. Re-elected in 1960. Re-elected in 1962. Re-elected in 1964. Re-elected in 1966. Retired.
William Vollie Alexander Jr. (Osceola)	Democratic	January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1993	91st 92nd 93rd 94th 95th 96th 97th 98th 99th 100th 101st 102nd	Elected in 1968. Re-elected in 1970. Re-elected in 1972. Re-elected in 1974. Re-elected in 1976. Re-elected in 1978. Re-elected in 1980. Re-elected in 1982. Re-elected in 1984. Re-elected in 1986. Re-elected in 1988. Re-elected in 1990. Lost renomination.
Blanche Lincoln (Helena)	Democratic	January 3, 1993 – January 3, 1997	103rd 104th	Elected in 1992. Re-elected in 1994. Retired.	1993–2003 [data missing]
Robert Marion Berry (Gillett)	Democratic	January 3, 1997 – January 3, 2011	105th 106th 107th 108th 109th 110th 111th	Elected in 1996. Re-elected in 1998. Re-elected in 2000. Re-elected in 2002. Re-elected in 2004. Re-elected in 2006. Re-elected in 2008. Retired.
					2003–2013
Rick Crawford (Jonesboro)	Republican	January 3, 2011 – present	112th 113th 114th 115th 116th 117th 118th	Elected in 2010. Re-elected in 2012. Re-elected in 2014. Re-elected in 2016. Re-elected in 2018. Re-elected in 2020. Re-elected in 2022.
					2013–2023
					2023–present

Recent election results

See also

• United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas, 2010

References

Specific

General

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
• Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present

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