The kings of Axum ruled an important trading state in the area which is now Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, from approximately 100–940 AD.[1]

Zenith of the Kingdom of Axum

Dates of Tenure Name Notes
8 B.C.-9 A.DBazen of Axum
9 A.D-early 1st centuryZa Zalis
(Said to be the Predecessor of Za Haqala.) [2]
c. mid 1st centuryZa Haqala of Axum, identified at times with Zoskales
c. Late 1st CenturyZa Dembalé
(Said to be the Successor of Za Haqala.) [3]
c. 200-230GDRT
(vocalized by historians as "Gadarat")
inscriptions mention his son BYGT (vocalized as "Beygat" or "Beyga")
c. 230 – 240`DBH
(vocalized as "`Azaba" or "`Adhebah")
inscriptions mention his son GRMT (vocalized as "Girma")
c. 250-260Sembrouthes
c. 260-270DTWNS
(vocalized as "Datawnas")
inscriptions mention his son ZQRNS (vocalized as "Zaqarnas")
c. 270 – 310Endubis
310-315Aphilas
315-320Wazeba
320-328Ousanas
328-350Ezanahis mother Sofya of Axum was regent during his minority
c. 350MHDYS
(vocalized as "Mehadeyis")
fl. late 4th centuryOuazebas
c. 400Eonpossibly the "Huina" from the Book of the Himyarites
fl. 5th centuryEbana
fl. 5th centuryNezoolalso called "Nezana"
c. 500Ousas,
also spelled "Ousana(s)"
possibly Tazena, father of Kaleb
514-542Kalebtradition names his son Gabra Masqal
542-mid 6th centuryAlla Amidas
fl. mid-6th centuryWazena
fl. mid-6th centuryW`ZB
vocalized as "Wa`zeb"
possibly "Ella Gabaz", son of Kaleb
fl. mid-6th centuryIoel
c. 575Hatazidentified with "Iathlia"
c. 577Saifu
c. 590Israeltradition also records an Israel, son of Kaleb
c. 600Gersem
c. 614Najashipossibly identical with Sahama
died c. 630Sahamatradition also records an Ella Tsaham (Illa Ṣaḥām)

Later kings

Name[4] Notes Dates
(E. A. Wallis Budge)[4]
Dates
(Tafari Makannon/Charles Fernand Rey)[5]
(Gregorian Dates)[nb 1]
Dates
(John Stewart)[7]
Kwastantinosor Constantine[4]All kings ruled between 600–900c. 544 – 572564–578
Wasan SagadBazagar?[4]c. 572 – 587578–591
Fere Shanayor Fere Shernay[4]c. 587 – 610591–601
'Adre'azor 'Adre'azar[4]c. 610 – 630601–623
'Akla Wedemor Eklewudem[4][7]c. 630 – 638623–633
Germa Safarc. 638 – 653633–648
Zergazor Gergaz[4]c. 653 – 663648–656
Degna Mikaelor Dengna Mika'el[4]c. 663 – 689656–677
Bahr Ikelac. 689 – 708677–696
Gumor Hezba Seyon[7]c. 708 – 732696–720
'Asgwomgumc. 732 – 737720–725
Letemc. 737 – 753725–741
Talatemc. 753 – 774741–762
'Oda Gosh or 'Oda Sasa[4]/ Adegos[7]c. 774 – 787762–775
'Ayzurwho reigned half a day and was strangled to death[4]c. 787775
Dedemor Dedem Almaz[7]c. 787 – 782775–780
Wededemc. 782 – 802780–790
Wedem 'Asfareor Demawedem;[7] reigned 150 years according to some traditions.[4]c. 802 – 832790–820
'Armahor Rema Armah[7]c. 832 – 837820–825
Degna Djan or Ged'a Djan[4]c. 837 – 856825–845
Ged'a DjanNot listed as a separate king by Budgec. 856 – 857845–846
Gudit (Queen)Not included on Budge's listc. 857 – 897846–885
'Anbasa Wedemson of Degna DjanAll kings reigned from 600–900c. 897 – 917885–905
Dil Na'odson of Degna Djanc. 917 – 927905 – c. 950

Notes

  1. The dates included on Tafari Makannon's king list follow the Ethiopian calendar. According to Charles Fernand Rey, the Gregorian date equivalent would be 7 or 8 years ahead.[6]

See also

References

  1. S.C. Munro-Hay, Aksum (Edinburgh: University Press, 1991), pp. 67f
  2. Salt, A Voyage to Abyssinia (Philadelphia, 1816), p. 358
  3. Salt, A Voyage to Abyssinia (Philadelphia, 1816), p. 358
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928). A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 1). London: Methuen & Co. p. 269-270.
  5. C. F. Rey, In the Country of the Blue Nile (1927), Camelot Press, London, pg. 270-271
  6. C. F. Rey, In the Country of the Blue Nile (1927), Camelot Press, London, pg. 263
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stewart, John (2005). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 23. ISBN 0-7864-2562-8.
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