BAE Systems plc
TypePublic
LSE: BA.
FTSE 100 Component
IndustryAerospace, arms industry, information security
Predecessors
Founded30 November 1999 (1999-11-30)
HeadquartersLondon, England, UK
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
ServicesMaintenance, consultancy, training etc.
RevenueIncrease £21.258 billion (2022)
Decrease £2.384 billion (2022)
Decrease £1.674 billion (2022)
Total assetsIncrease £31.462 billion (2022)
Total equityIncrease £11.400 billion (2022)
Number of employees
93,100 (2022)
DivisionsSee below
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.baesystems.com
Footnotes / references
[1]

BAE Systems plc (BAE) is a British multinational arms, security and aerospace company, based in London, England.[2][3] It is the biggest manufacturer in Britain as of 2017.[4] It is the largest defence contractor in Europe[5] and the seventh-largest in the world based on applicable 2021 revenues.[6] Its largest operations are in the United Kingdom and in the United States, where its BAE Systems Inc. subsidiary is one of the six largest suppliers to the US Department of Defense. Its next biggest markets are Saudi Arabia, then Australia; other major markets include Canada, Japan,[7][8] India, Turkey, Qatar, Oman and Sweden.[1] The company was formed on 30 November 1999 by the £7.7 billion purchase of and merger with Marconi Electronic Systems (MES), the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc (GEC), by British Aerospace, an aircraft, munitions and naval systems manufacturer.

BAE is the successor to various aircraft, shipbuilding, armoured vehicle, armaments and defence electronics companies, including the Marconi Company, the first commercial company devoted to the development and use of radio; A.V. Roe and Company, one of the world's first aircraft companies; de Havilland, manufacturer of the Comet, the world's first commercial jet airliner; Hawker Siddeley, manufacturer of the Harrier, the world's first VTOL attack aircraft; British Aircraft Corporation, co-manufacturer of the Concorde supersonic transport; Supermarine, manufacturer of the Spitfire; Yarrow Shipbuilders, builder of the Royal Navy's first destroyers; Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, builder of the world's first battlecruiser; and Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, builder of the Royal Navy's first submarines.

Since its 1999 formation, BAE has made a number of acquisitions, most notably of United Defense and Armor Holdings of the United States, and has sold its shares in Airbus, Astrium, AMS and Atlas Elektronik. It is involved in several major defence projects, including the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, the Eurofighter Typhoon, the Astute-class submarine, and the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers. BAE Systems is listed on the London Stock Exchange's FTSE 100 Index.

History

Heritage

Supermarine, the manufacturer of the Spitfire, was a predecessor company of BAE Systems. It was purchased by Vickers-Armstrongs, which itself was merged into the British Aircraft Corporation in 1960.

British Aerospace bought Marconi Electronic Systems for £7.7 billion on 30 November 1999 and merged with it to form BAE Systems.[9] The company is the successor to many of the most famous British aircraft, defence electronics and warship manufacturers. Predecessor companies built the Comet, the world's first commercial jet airliner; the Harrier "jump jet", the world's first operational vertical/short take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft; the "groundbreaking"[10] Blue Vixen radar carried by Sea Harrier FA2s and which formed the basis of the Eurofighter's CAPTOR radar; and co-produced the Concorde supersonic airliner with Aérospatiale.[11]

British Aerospace was a civil and military aircraft manufacturer, as well as a provider of military land systems. The company had emerged from the massive consolidation of UK aircraft manufacturers since World War II. British Aerospace was formed on 29 April 1977, by the nationalisation and merger of the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), the Hawker Siddeley Group and Scottish Aviation.[12] Both BAC and Hawker Siddeley were themselves the result of various mergers and acquisitions.[13]

Marconi Electronic Systems was the defence subsidiary of British engineering firm the General Electric Company (GEC), dealing largely in military systems integration, as well as naval and land systems. Marconi's heritage dates back to Guglielmo Marconi's Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company, founded in 1897.[14] GEC purchased English Electric (which included Marconi) in 1968 and thereafter used the Marconi brand for its defence businesses (as GEC-Marconi and later Marconi Electronic Systems). GEC's own defence heritage dates back to World War I, when its contribution to the war effort included radios and bulbs. World War II consolidated this position, as the company was involved in important technological advances, notably the cavity magnetron for radar.[15] Between 1945 and 1999, GEC-Marconi/Marconi Electronic Systems became one of the world's most important defence contractors. GEC's major defence related acquisitions included Associated Electrical Industries in 1967,[16] Yarrow Shipbuilders in 1985,[16] Plessey companies in 1989,[17] parts of Ferranti's defence business in 1990,[17] the rump of Ferranti when it went into receivership in 1993/1994, Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering in 1995[18] and Kværner Govan in 1999.[19] In June 1998, MES acquired Tracor, a major American defence contractor, for £830 million (about US$1.4 billion).[20]

Formation

The 1997 merger of American corporations Boeing and McDonnell Douglas, which followed the forming of Lockheed Martin, the world's largest defence contractor in 1995, increased the pressure on European defence companies to consolidate. In June 1997, British Aerospace Defence managing director John Weston commented "Europe ... is supporting three times the number of contractors on less than half the budget of the U.S."[21] European governments wished to see the merger of their defence manufacturers into a single entity, a "European Aerospace and Defence Company".[22]

As early as 1995, British Aerospace and the German aerospace and defence company DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (DASA) were said to be keen to create a transnational aerospace and defence company.[23] The two companies envisaged including Aérospatiale, the other major European aerospace company, but only after its privatisation.[24] The first stage of this integration was seen as the transformation of Airbus from a consortium of British Aerospace, DASA, Aérospatiale and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA into an integrated company; in this aim British Aerospace and DASA were united against the various objections of Aérospatiale.[25] As well as Airbus, British Aerospace and DASA were partners in the Panavia Tornado and Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft projects. Merger discussions began between British Aerospace and DASA in July 1998, just as French participation became more likely with the announcement that Aérospatiale was to merge with Matra and emerge with a diluted French government shareholding.[26] A merger was agreed between British Aerospace chairman Richard Evans and DASA CEO Jürgen Schrempp.[27]

Meanwhile, GEC was also under pressure to participate in defence industry consolidation. Reporting the appointment of George Simpson as GEC managing director in 1996, The Independent said "some analysts believe that Mr Simpson's inside knowledge of BAe, a long-rumoured GEC bid target, was a key to his appointment. GEC favours forging a national 'champion' defence group with BAe to compete with the giant US organisations."[28] When GEC put MES up for sale on 22 December 1998, British Aerospace abandoned the DASA merger in favour of purchasing its British rival. The merger of British Aerospace and MES was announced on 19 January 1999.[29] Evans stated in 2004 that his fear was that an American defence contractor would acquire MES and challenge both British Aerospace and DASA.[27] The merger created a vertically integrated company which The Scotsman described as "[a combination of British Aerospace's] contracting and platform-building skills with Marconi's coveted electronics systems capability",[30] for example combining the manufacturer of the Eurofighter with the company that provided many of the aircraft's electronic systems; British Aerospace was MES's largest customer.[31] In contrast, DASA's response to the breakdown of the merger discussion was to merge with Aérospatiale to create the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS), a horizontal integration.[32]

Seventeen undertakings were given by BAE Systems to the Department of Trade and Industry which prevented a reference of the merger to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. These were largely to ensure that the integrated company would tender sub-contracts to external companies on an equal basis with its subsidiaries. Another condition was the "firewalling" of former British Aerospace and MES teams on defence projects such as the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). In 2007 the government announced that it had agreed to release BAE Systems from ten of the undertakings due to "a change in circumstances".[33]

BAE Systems inherited the UK government-owned "golden" share that was established when British Aerospace was privatised. This unique share prevents amendments of certain parts of the company's Articles of Association without the permission of the Secretary of State.[12] These Articles require that no foreign person or persons acting together may hold more than 15% of the company's shares.[34]

2000s

BAE Systems' first annual report identified Airbus, support services to militaries and integrated systems for air, land and naval applications as key areas of growth. It also stated the company's desire to both expand in the US and participate in further consolidation in Europe. BAE Systems described 2001 as an "important year" for its European joint ventures, which were reorganised considerably. The company has described the rationale for expansion in the US; "[it] is by far the largest defence market with spend running close to twice that of the Western European nations combined. Importantly, US investment in research and development is significantly higher than in Western Europe."[35] When Dick Olver was appointed chairman in July 2004 he ordered a review of the company's businesses which ruled out further European acquisitions or joint ventures and confirmed a "strategic bias" for expansion and investment in the US.[36] The review also confirmed the attractiveness of the land systems sector and, with two acquisitions in 2004 and 2005, BAE moved from a limited land systems supplier to the second largest such company in the world. This shift in strategy was described as "remarkable" by the Financial Times.[37] Between 2008 and early 2011 BAE acquired five cybersecurity companies in a shift in strategy to take account of reduced spending by governments on "traditional defence items such as warships and tanks".[38]

In 2000 Matra Marconi Space, a joint BAE Systems/Matra company, was merged with the space division of DASA to form Astrium. On 16 June 2003 BAE sold its 25% share of Astrium for £84 million, however due to the lossmaking status of the company, BAE Systems invested an equal amount for "restructuring".[39] BAE Systems sold its 54% majority share of BAE Systems Canada, an electronics company, in April for CA$310 (approx. £197 million as of December 2010).[40] In November 2001, the company announced the closure of the Avro Regional Jet (Avro RJ) production line at Woodford and the cancellation of the Avro RJX, an advanced series of the aircraft family, as the business was "no longer viable".[41] The final Avro RJ to be completed became the last British civil airliner. In November 2001 BAE sold its 49.9% share of Thomson Marconi Sonar to Thales for £85 million.[40] A further step of European defence consolidation was the merger of BAE's share of Matra BAe Dynamics and the missile division of Alenia Marconi Systems (AMS) into MBDA in December. MBDA thus became the world's second largest missile manufacturer.[42] Although EADS (now Airbus SE) was later reported to be interested in acquiring full control of MBDA, BAE said that, unlike Airbus, MBDA is a "core business".[43][44]

The Astute-class submarine project caused BAE to issue a profit warning in 2002 and invest £250 million to overcome its difficulties.

In June 2002, BAE Systems confirmed it was in takeover discussions with TRW, an American aerospace, automotive and defence business. This was prompted by Northrop Grumman's £4.1 billion (approx. US$6 billion c. 2002) hostile bid for TRW in February 2002. A bidding war between BAE Systems, Northrop and General Dynamics ended on 1 June when Northrop's increased bid of £5.1 billion was accepted. On 11 December 2002, BAE Systems issued a shock profit warning due to cost overruns of the Nimrod MRA4 maritime reconnaissance/attack aircraft and the Astute-class submarine projects.[45] On 19 February 2003 BAE took a charge of £750 million against these projects and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) agreed to pay a further £700 million of the cost.[46] In 2000 the company had taken a £300 million "loss charge" on the Nimrod contract which was expected to cover "all the costs of completion of the current contract".[47] The troubled Nimrod project would ultimately be cancelled as part of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR).[48]

The UK government, following a cabinet row described as "one of the most bitter Cabinet disputes over defence contracts since the Westland helicopter affair in 1985", ordered 20 BAE Hawk trainer aircraft with 24 options in July 2003 in a deal worth £800 million.[49] The deal was significant because it was a factor in India's decision to finalise a £1 billion order for 66 Hawks in March 2004.[49][50] Also in July 2003 BAE Systems and Finmeccanica announced their intention to set up three joint venture companies, to be collectively known as Eurosystems. These companies would have pooled the avionics, C4ISTAR and communications businesses of the two companies.[51] However the difficulties of integrating the companies in this way led to a re-evaluation of the proposal; BAE Systems' 2004 Annual Report states that "recognising the complexity of the earlier proposed Eurosystems transaction with Finmeccanica we have moved to a simpler model". The main part of this deal was the dissolution of AMS and the establishment of SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems; BAE Systems sold its 25% share of the latter to Finmeccanica for €400 million (approx. £270 million c. 2007) in March 2007.[52]

In May 2004, it was reported that the company was considering selling its shipbuilding divisions, BAE Systems Naval Ships and BAE Systems Submarines. It was understood that General Dynamics wished to acquire the submarine building facilities at Barrow-in-Furness, while VT Group was said to be interested in the remaining yards on the Clyde.[53] Instead, in 2008 BAE Systems merged its Surface Fleet arm with the shipbuilding operations of VT Group to form BVT Surface Fleet, an aim central to the British Government's Defence Industrial Strategy.[54][55]

BAE's £2.5 billion purchase of United Defense in 2005 added the M2/M3 Bradley family of armoured vehicles to its product line.

On 4 June 2004, BAE Systems outbid General Dynamics for Alvis Vickers, the UK's main manufacturer of armoured vehicles.[56] Alvis Vickers was merged with the company's RO Defence unit to form BAE Systems Land Systems. Recognising the lack of scale of this business compared to General Dynamics, BAE Systems executives soon identified the US defence company United Defense Industries (UDI), a major competitor to General Dynamics, as a main acquisition target.[37] On 7 March 2005 BAE announced the £2.25 billion (approx. US$4.2 billion c. 2005) acquisition of UDI.[57] UDI, now BAE Systems Land and Armaments, manufactures combat vehicles, artillery systems, naval guns, missile launchers and precision guided munitions.[58]

In December 2005, BAE Systems announced the sale of its German naval systems subsidiary, Atlas Elektronik, to ThyssenKrupp and EADS. The Financial Times described the sale as "cut price" because French company Thales bid €300 million, but was blocked from purchasing Atlas by the German government on national security grounds.[59] On 31 January 2006 the company announced the sale of BAE Systems Aerostructures to Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.,[60] having said as early as 2002 that it wished to dispose of what it did not regard as a "core business".[61]

On 18 August 2006 Saudi Arabia signed a contract worth £6 billion to £10 billion for 72 Eurofighter Typhoons, to be delivered by BAE Systems.[62] On 10 September 2006 the company was awarded a £2.5 billion contract for the upgrade of 80 Royal Saudi Air Force Tornado IDSs.[63] One of BAE Systems' major aims, as highlighted in the 2005 Annual Report, was the granting of increased technology transfer between the UK and the US. The F-35 (JSF) programme became the focus of this effort, with British government ministers such as Lord Drayson, Minister for Defence Procurement, suggesting the UK would withdraw from the project without the transfer of technology that would allow the UK to operate and maintain F-35s independently. On 12 December 2006, Lord Drayson signed an agreement which allows "an unbroken British chain of command" for operation of the aircraft.[64] On 22 December 2006 BAE received a £947 million contract to provide guaranteed availability of Royal Air Force (RAF) Tornados.[65]

In May 2007 the company announced its subsidiary BAE Systems Inc. was to purchase Armor Holdings for £2.3 billion (approx. US$4.5 billion c. 2007) and completed the deal on 31 July 2007.[66][67] The company was a manufacturer of tactical wheeled vehicles and a provider of vehicle and individual armour systems and survivability technologies.[66] BAE Systems (and British Aerospace previously) was a technology partner to the McLaren Formula One team from 1996 to December 2007.[68][69] The partnership originally focused on McLaren's F1 car's aerodynamics, eventually moving on to carbon fibre techniques, wireless systems and fuel management. BAE Systems' main interest in the partnership was to learn about the high speed build and operations processes of McLaren.[68]

The company announced the acquisition of Tenix Defence, a major Australian defence contractor in January 2008. The purchase was completed on 27 June for A$775 million (£373 million) making BAE Systems Australia that country's largest defence contractor.[70] The MoD awarded BAE Systems a 15-year munitions contract in August 2008 worth up to £3 billion, known as Munition Acquisition Supply Solution (MASS). The contract guaranteed supply of 80% of the UK Armed Forces' ammunition and required BAE to modernise its munitions manufacturing facilities.[71] BAE Systems expanded its intelligence and security business with the £531 million purchase of Detica Group in July 2008.[72] It continued this strategy with purchases of Danish cyber and intelligence company ETI for approximately $210 million in December 2010, and Norkom Group PLC the following month for €217 million. The latter provides counter fraud and anti-money laundering solutions to the global financial services industry where its software assists institutions to comply with regulations on financial intelligence and monitoring.[73][74]

Airbus shareholding

BAE Systems inherited British Aerospace's share of Airbus Industrie, which consisted of two factories at Broughton and Filton. These facilities manufactured wings for the Airbus family of aircraft. In 2001 Airbus was incorporated as Airbus SAS, a joint stock company. In return for a 20% share in the new company BAE Systems transferred ownership of its Airbus plants (known as Airbus UK) to the new company.[75]

Despite repeated suggestions as early as 2000 that BAE Systems wished to sell its 20% share of Airbus, the possibility was denied by the company.[9][76] However, on 6 April 2006 it was reported that it was indeed to sell its stake, then "conservatively valued" at £2.4 billion.[77] Due to the slow pace of informal negotiations, BAE Systems exercised its put option which saw investment bank Rothschild appointed to give an independent valuation. Six days after this process began, Airbus announced delays to the A380 with significant effects on the value of Airbus shares. On 2 June 2006 Rothschild valued the company's share at £1.87 billion, well below its own analysts' and even EADS's expectations.[78] The BAE Systems board recommended that the company proceed with the sale. Shareholders voted in favour and the sale was completed on 13 October.[79] This saw the end of UK-owned involvement in civil airliner production. Airbus Operations Ltd (the former Airbus UK) continues to be the Airbus "Centre of Excellence" for wing production, employing over 9,500.[80]

2010s

In February 2010 BAE Systems announced a £592 million writedown of the former Armor Holdings business following the loss of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles contract in 2009.[81] It was outbid by Oshkosh Corporation for the £2.3 billion ($3.7 billion) contract.[82] Land and Armaments had been the "star performer" of BAE Systems' subsidiaries, growing from sales of £482 million in 2004 to £6.7 billion in 2009.[83][84][85]

BAE Systems inherited British Aerospace's 35% share of Saab AB, with which it produced and marketed the Gripen fighter aircraft. In 2005 it reduced this share to 20.5% and in March 2010 announced its intention to sell the remainder. The Times stated that the decision brought "to an end its controversial relationship with the Gripen fighter aircraft".[86] Several of the export campaigns for the aircraft were subject to allegations of bribery and corruption.[86]

The company continued its move into support services in May 2010 with the purchase of the marine support company Atlantic Marine for $352 million.[87] In September 2010 BAE Systems announced plans to sell the Platform Solutions division of BAE Systems Inc., which the Financial Times estimated could yield as much as £1.3 billion. Despite "considerable expressions of interest", the sale was abandoned in January 2011.[87][88] The purchases of Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers, the Astute-class submarines, and the Type 26 frigates were all confirmed in the 2010 SDSR.[89] A new generation of nuclear missile submarines, the Dreadnought-class, was ordered in 2016.[90]

BAE Systems sold the regional aircraft leasing and asset management arm of its Regional Aircraft business in May 2011. This unit leases the BAe 146/Avro RJ family, BAe ATP, Jetstream and BAe 748. The company retained the support and engineering activities of the business.[91] In September 2011, BAE Systems began consultation with unions and workers over plans to cut nearly 3,000 jobs, mostly in the company's military aircraft division.[92]

In its 2012 half-year report, the company revealed a 10% decline in revenue in the six months up to 30 June due to falling demand for armaments.[93] In May 2012 the governments of the UK and Saudi Arabia reached an agreement on an arms package which saw a £1.6 billion contract awarded to BAE for the delivery of 55 Pilatus PC-21 and 22 BAE Systems Hawk aircraft.[94] The Sultanate of Oman ordered Typhoon and Hawk aircraft worth £2.5 billion in December 2012.[95]

In September 2012, it was reported that BAE Systems and EADS had entered merger talks which would have seen BAE shareholders own 40% of the resulting organisation.[96][97] On 10 October 2012, the companies said the merger talks had been called off.[98] The Guardian reported that this was due to the German Government's concern about the "potential size of the French shareholding in the combined company, as well as disagreements over the location of the group's headquarters".[99]

In November 2013, BAE Systems announced that shipbuilding would cease in Portsmouth in 2014 with the loss of 940 jobs, and a further 835 jobs would be lost at Filton, near Bristol, and at the shipyards in Govan, Rosyth, and Scotstoun in Scotland.[100] On 9 October 2014, the company announced the loss of 440 management jobs across the country, with 286 of the job cuts in Lancashire.[101][102]

In July 2014 it announced the acquisition of US intelligence company Signal Innovations Group Inc. to augment imagery and data analysis technologies in its Intelligence & Security business.[103] In August 2014, BAE was awarded a £248 million contract from the British government to build three new offshore patrol vessels.[104] In October 2014, BAE Systems won a £600 million contract from the MoD to maintain Portsmouth naval base for five years.[105] During 2014 BAE Systems acquired US-based cybersecurity firm Silversky for $232.5 million.[106]

During Prime Minister Theresa May's visit to Turkey in January 2017, BAE and TAI officials signed an agreement, worth about £100 million, for BAE to provide assistance in developing the TAI TFX aircraft.[107] On 10 October 2017, BAE announced that it would lay off nearly 2,000 out of its approximately 35,000 employees in Britain, mainly due to an order shortage for the Typhoon fighter.[4]

In 2019 BAE Systems sold a 55% share of its UK land business to Rheinmetall. The resultant joint venture (JV), Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL), was established in July 2019 following regulatory approval and is headquartered at the existing facility in Telford, Shropshire.[108]

2020s

In August 2020 BAE Systems completed the purchase of United Technologies' military GPS businesses for $1.9 billion and Raytheon’s military airborne radios business for $275 million. The sale of these two business was a condition of the merger approval that saw their two parent companies merge to form Raytheon Technologies.[109]

In November 2020, the MoD announced the award of a 20-year, £2.4 billion munitions contract to BAE. This will see BAE manufacture 39 different munitions for the UK armed forces and supersedes the 2008 MASS contract.[110]

In 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, major arms manufacturers, including BAE Systems,[111] reported a sharp increase in interim sales and profits.[112][113]

In August 2023, BAE agreed to acquire the aerospace division of US-based Ball Corporation for $5.6 billion in cash (approximately £7 billion); this was BAE's largest acquisition up until that point.[114] In October 2023, BAE was awarded a £3.95 billion contract for development work on Aukus-class submarines up to 2028.[115]

Products

BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships built the Type 45 destroyer. Other subsidiaries of BAE supplied the naval gun and SAMPSON and S1850M radars for the class

BAE Systems plays a significant role in the production of military equipment. In 2017, 98% of BAE Systems' total sales were military related.[116][117]

It plays important roles in military aircraft production. The company's Typhoon fighter is one of the main front line aircraft of the RAF.[118] The company is a major partner in the F-35 Lightning II programme.[119] Its Hawk advanced jet trainer aircraft has been widely exported.[120] In July 2006, the British government declassified the HERTI (High Endurance Rapid Technology Insertion), an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) which can navigate autonomously.[121] It is currently developing a sixth-generation jet fighter aircraft for the RAF marketed as the "Tempest" along with the MoD, Rolls-Royce, Leonardo S.p.A. and MBDA. It is intended to enter service from 2035 replacing the Typhoon aircraft in service with the RAF.[122]

BAE Systems Land and Armaments manufactures the M2/M3 Bradley fighting vehicle family, the US Navy Advanced Gun System (AGS), M113 armoured personnel carrier (APC), M109 Paladin, Archer, M777 howitzer, the British Army's Challenger 2, Warrior Tracked Armoured Vehicle, Panther Command and Liaison Vehicle, and the SA80 assault rifle.[123]

Major naval projects include the Astute-class submarines, Type 26 frigates and Dreadnought-class submarines.[124]

BAE Systems is indirectly engaged in production of nuclear weapons – through its share of MBDA it is involved with the production and support of the ASMP missile, an air-launched nuclear missile which forms part of the French nuclear deterrent.[125] The company is also the UK's only nuclear submarine manufacturer and thus produces a key element of the United Kingdom's nuclear weapons capability.[126]

Areas of business

BAE Systems' biggest markets are the US 44%, UK 20%, Saudi Arabia 11% and Australia 4%, as of 2022.[1]

United Kingdom

BAE Systems is the main supplier to the UK MoD; in 2009/2010 BAE Systems companies in the list of Top 100 suppliers to the MoD received contracts totalling £3.98 billion, with total revenue being higher when other subsidiary income is included.[127] In comparison, the second largest supplier is Babcock International Group and its subsidiaries, with a revenue of £1.1 billion from the MoD. Oxford Economic Forecasting states that in 2002 the company's UK businesses employed 111,578 people, achieved export sales of £3 billion and paid £2.6 billion in taxes. These figures exclude the contribution of Airbus UK.[128]

After its creation, BAE Systems had a difficult relationship with the MoD. This was attributed to deficient project management by the company, but also in part to the deficiencies in the terms of "fixed price contracts". CEO Mike Turner said in 2006 "We had entered into contracts under the old competition rules that frankly we shouldn't have taken".[129] These competition rules were introduced by Lord Levene during the 1980s to shift the burden of risk to the contractor and were in contrast to "cost plus contracts" where a contractor was paid for the value of its product plus an agreed profit.[130]

BAE Systems was operating in "the only truly open defence market",[131] which meant it was competing with US and European companies for British defence projects, while they were protected in their home markets. The US defence market is competitive, however largely between American firms, while foreign companies are excluded. In December 2005 the MoD published the Defence Industrial Strategy (DIS) which has been widely acknowledged to recognise BAE Systems as the UK's "national champion".[132] The government claimed the DIS would "promote a sustainable industrial base, that retains in the UK those industrial capabilities needed to ensure national security."[133]

After the publication of the DIS BAE Systems CEO Mike Turner said "If we didn't have the DIS and our profitability and the terms of trade had stayed as they were... then there had to be a question mark about our future in the UK".[134] Lord Levene said in the balance between value for money or maintaining a viable industrial base the DIS "tries as well as it can to steer a middle course and to achieve as much as it can in both directions. ...We will never have a perfect solution."[135]

United States

The attraction of MES to British Aerospace was largely its ownership of Tracor, a major American defence contractor.[136]

BAE Systems Inc. now sells more to the US Department of Defense (DOD) than to the UK MoD.[137] The company has been allowed to buy important defence contractors in the US, however its status as a UK company requires that its US subsidiaries are governed by American executives under Special Security Arrangements. The company faces fewer impediments in this sense than its European counterparts, as there is a high degree of integration between the US and UK defence establishments. BAE Systems' purchase of Lockheed Martin Aerospace Electronic Systems in November 2000 was described by John Hamre, CEO of the Center for Strategic and International Studies and former Deputy Secretary of Defense, as "precedent setting" given the advanced and classified nature of many of that company's products.[138]

The possibility of a merger between BAE Systems Inc. and major North American defence contractors has long been reported, including Boeing, General Dynamics, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon.[53][139][140]

Rest of the world

BAE Systems Australia is one of the largest defence contractors in Australia, having more than doubled in size with the acquisition of Tenix Defence in 2008.[141] The Al Yamamah agreements between the UK and Saudi Arabia require "the provision of a complete defence package for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"; BAE Systems employs 5,300 people in the country.[142] As of March 2022, BAE Systems employs over 7,000 people in Saudi Arabia and 75 per cent of the employees are Saudi nationals.[143] BAE Systems' interests in Sweden are a result of the purchases of Alvis Vickers and UDI, which owned Hägglunds and Bofors respectively; the companies are now part of BAE Systems AB.[144]

On 6 April 2022, BAE Systems announced the establishment of BAE Systems Japan, a subsidiary located in Akasaka, Tokyo, Japan. The new company will provide comprehensive cooperation with Japanese industry and aims to strengthen relations with the Japanese Ministry of Defense and the Japan Self-Defense Forces.[145]

In late August 2023, BAE Systems announced that it had opened an office in Ukraine, and had signed an agreement for cooperation on the repair, spare parts, and production of L119 howitzers within Ukraine.[146]

On 4 January 2024, BAE Systems announced an initial agreement, potentially worth up to $50 million, to resume production of titanium structures for the M777 howitzer for the U.S. Army, with the first deliveries expected in 2025.[147]

Shareholders

BAE Systems' 2022 Annual Report listed the following as "significant" shareholders: Barclays 3.98%, BlackRock 9.90%, Capital Group Companies 14.18%, Invesco 4.97% and Silchester International Investors 3.01%.[1]

Organisation

BAE Systems has offices in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre business park. Senior managers are based at the registered office in Carlton Gardens, City of Westminster.
6 Carlton Gardens, London

BAE Systems has its head office and its registered office in City of Westminster, London.[148][149] In addition to its central London offices, it has an office in Farnborough, Hampshire, that houses functional specialists and support functions.[150]

Corporate governance

BAE Systems' chairman is Cressida Hogg, CBE. The executive directors are Charles Woodburn (CEO), Brad Greve and Tom Arsenault. The non-executive directors are Carolyn Fairbairn, Crystal E. Ashby, Elizabeth Corley, Chris Grigg, Ewan Kirk, Ian Tyler, Nicole Piasecki, Stephen Pearce, Jane Griffiths and Nick Anderson.[151]

The company's first CEO, John Weston, was forced to resign in 2002 in a boardroom "coup" and was replaced by Mike Turner.[152] The Business reported that Weston was ousted when non-executive directors informed the chairman that they had lost confidence in him. Further, it was suggested that at least one non-executive director was encouraged to make such a move by the MoD due to the increasingly fractious relationship between BAE Systems and the government.[153] As well as the terms of the Nimrod contract, Weston had fought against the MOD's insistence that one of the first three Type 45 destroyers should be built by VT Group. The Business said he considered this "competition-policy gone mad".[154]

It is understood that Turner had a poor working relationship with senior MoD officials, for example with former Defence Secretary Geoff Hoon. The first meeting between Olver and Hoon was said to have gone well; a MoD official commented "He is a man we can do business with".[155] It has been suggested that relations between Turner and Olver were tense.[156] On 16 October 2007 the company announced that Mike Turner would retire in August 2008. The Times called his departure plans "abrupt" and a "shock", given previous statements that he wished to retire in 2013 at the age of 65.[157] Despite suggestions that BAE Systems would prefer an American CEO due to the increasing importance of the United States defence market to the company and the opportunity to make a clean break from corruption allegations and investigations related to the Al-Yamamah contracts, the company announced on 27 June 2008, that it had selected the company's chief operating officer, Ian King, to succeed Turner with effect from 1 September 2008. The Financial Times noted that King's career at Marconi distances him from the British Aerospace-led Al Yamamah project.[158]

Charles Woodburn succeeded Ian King as CEO on 1 July 2017. Woodburn joined BAE Systems in May 2016 as Chief Operating Officer and Executive Board Director following over 20 years' international experience in senior management positions in the oil and gas industry.[159]

Senior leadership

List of former chairmen

  1. Sir Richard Evans (1999–2004)[27]
  2. Sir Dick Olver (2004–2014)[37]
  3. Sir Roger Carr (2014-2023) [151]

List of former chief executives

  1. John Weston (1999–2002)[152]
  2. Michael Turner (2002–2008)[152]
  3. Ian King (2008–2017)[159]

Financial information

Financial information for the company is as follows:[1][83][85][160][161][162]

Year ended Turnover (£ million) Profit/(loss) before tax (£m) Net profit/(loss) (£m) EPS (p)
31 December 2022 21,258 1,989 1,674 51.1
31 December 2021 19,521 2,110 1,912 55.2
31 December 2020 19,277 1,596 1,371 40.7
31 December 2019 18,305 1,626 1,532 46.4
31 December 2018 16,821 1,224 1,033 31.3
31 December 2017 18,322 1,134 884 26.8
31 December 2016 17,790 1,151 938 28.8
31 December 2015 17,904 1,090 943 29.0
31 December 2014 16,637 882 752 23.4
31 December 2013 18,180 422 176 5.2
31 December 2012 17,834 1,369 1,079 33.0
31 December 2011 19,154 1,466 1,256 36.9
31 December 2010 22,392 1,444 1,081 30.5
31 December 2009 22,415 282 (45) (1.9)
31 December 2008 18,543 2,371 1,768 49.6
31 December 2007 15,710 1,477 1,177 26.0
31 December 2006 13,765 1,207 1,054 19.9
31 December 2005[lower-alpha 1] 12,581 909 761 13.9
31 December 2005 15,411 845 555 22.5
31 December 2004 13,222 730 3 17.4
31 December 2003[lower-alpha 2] 15,572 233 8 16.6
31 December 2002[lower-alpha 2] 12,145 (616) (686)[lower-alpha 3] 17.3
31 December 2001[lower-alpha 2] 13,138 70 (128) 23.4
31 December 2000[lower-alpha 2] 12,185 179 (19) 18.8
31 December 1999[lower-alpha 2] 8,929 459 328 29.4
  1. ↑ Restated to exclude Airbus contributions. Included for comparison.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Data prepared using UK GAAP guidelines. Recent data prepared using International Financial Reporting Standards.
  3. ↑ Reflects £750 million charges for problems with Nimrod MRA4 (£500 million) and Astute-class submarine (£250 million) programmes.

Corruption investigations

Serious Fraud Office

BAE Systems has been investigated by the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) for the use of corruption to help sell arms to Chile, Czech Republic, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tanzania and Qatar.[163][164][165] In response, BAE Systems' 2006 Corporate Responsibility Report states "We continue to reject these allegations... We take our obligations under the law extremely seriously and will continue to comply with all legal requirements around the world.[166] In June 2007 Lord Woolf was selected to lead what the BBC described as an "independent review.... [an] ethics committee to look into how the defence giant conducts its arms deals".[167] The report, Ethical business conduct in BAE Systems plc – the way forward, made 23 recommendations, measures which the company committed to implement. The finding stated that "in the past BAE did not pay sufficient attention to ethical standards in the way it conducted business", and was described by the BBC as "an embarrassing admission".[168]

In September 2009, the SFO announced that it intended to prosecute BAE Systems for offences relating to overseas corruption. The Guardian claimed that a penalty more than £500 million might be an acceptable settlement package.[169] On 5 February 2010, BAE Systems agreed to pay criminal fines of £257 million (US$400 million) to the US and £30 million to the UK.[170] The $400 million fine was a result of a plea bargain with the US Department of Justice (DOJ) whereby BAE Systems was convicted of felony conspiracy to defraud the United States government. This was one of the largest fines in the history of the DOJ. Judge Bates said the company's conduct involved "deception, duplicity and knowing violations of law, I think it's fair to say, on an enormous scale".[171][172] BAE Systems did not directly admit to bribery, and is thus not internationally blacklisted from future contracts. Some of the £30 million penalty the company will pay in fines to the UK will be paid ex gratia for the benefit of the people of Tanzania.[173] On 2 March 2010, Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) and Corner House Research were successful in gaining a High Court injunction on the SFO's settlement with BAE Systems; however in April 2010 the two organisations withdrew their application for a judicial review.[174]

Saudi Arabia

One of 24 Panavia Tornado ADVs delivered to the Royal Saudi Air Force as part of the Al Yamamah arms sales.

Both BAE Systems and its predecessor (BAe) have long been the subject of allegations of bribery in relation to its business in Saudi Arabia. The UK National Audit Office (NAO) investigated the Al Yamamah contracts and has so far not published its conclusions, the only NAO report ever to be withheld.[175] The MoD has stated "The report remains sensitive. Disclosure would harm both international relations and the UK's commercial interests."[176] The company has been accused of maintaining a £60 million Saudi slush fund. In November 2006, Saudi Arabia put pressure on the British government to end the SFO investigation by suspending negotiations over a new deal for seventy-two Typhoon fighter jets.[177] On 14 December 2006 it was announced that the SFO was "discontinuing" its investigation into the company. It stated that representations to its Director and the Attorney General Lord Goldsmith had led to the conclusion that the wider public interest "to safeguard national and international security" outweighed any potential benefits of further investigation.[178] The termination of the investigation has been controversial.[179] In June 2007, the BBC's Panorama alleged BAE Systems "paid hundreds of millions of pounds to the ex-Saudi ambassador to the US, Prince Bandar bin Sultan" in return for his role in the Al Yamamah deals.[180] In late June 2007 the DOJ began a formal investigation into BAE's compliance with anti-corruption laws.[181] On 19 May 2008 BAE Systems confirmed that its CEO Mike Turner and non-executive director Nigel Rudd had been detained "for about 20 minutes" at two US airports the previous week and that the DOJ had issued "a number of additional subpoenas in the US to employees of BAE Systems plc and BAE Systems Inc as part of its ongoing investigation".[182] The Times suggested that such "humiliating behaviour by the DOJ" is unusual toward a company that is co-operating fully.[182]

A judicial review of the decision by the SFO to drop the investigation was granted on 9 November 2007.[183] On 10 April 2008 the High Court ruled that the SFO "acted unlawfully" by dropping its investigation.[184] The Times described the ruling as "one of the most strongly worded judicial attacks on government action" which condemned how "ministers 'buckled' to 'blatant threats' that Saudi cooperation in the fight against terror would end unless the ...investigation was dropped."[185] On 24 April the SFO was granted leave to appeal to the House of Lords against the ruling.[186] There was a two-day hearing before the Lords on 7 and 8 July 2008.[187] On 30 July the House of Lords unanimously overturned the High Court ruling, stating that the decision to discontinue the investigation was lawful.[188]

Others

HMS Coventry was one of two frigates sold to Romania.

In September 2005 The Guardian reported that banking records showed that BAE Systems paid £1 million to Augusto Pinochet, the former Chilean dictator.[189] The Guardian has also reported that "clandestine arms deals" have been under investigation in Chile and the UK since 2003 and that British Aerospace and BAE Systems made a number of payments to Pinochet advisers.[190]

BAE Systems is alleged to have paid "secret offshore commissions" of over £7 million to secure the sale of HMS London and HMS Coventry to the Romanian Navy. The company received a £116 million contract for the refurbishment of the ships prior to delivery;[191] however the British taxpayer only received the scrap value of £100,000 each from the sale.[192]

BAE Systems ran into controversy in 2002 over the abnormally high cost of a radar system sold to Tanzania.[193][194] The sale was criticised by several opposition MPs and the World Bank;[195] Secretary of State for International Development Clare Short declared that BAE Systems had "ripped off" developing nations.[196][197]

In January 2007, details of an investigation by the SFO into BAE Systems' sales tactics in regard to South Africa were reported, highlighting the £2.3 billion deal to supply Hawk trainers and Gripen fighters as suspect.[198] In May 2011, as allegations of bribery behind South Africa's Gripen procurement continued, the company's partner Saab AB issued strong denials of any illicit payments being made; however in June 2011 Saab announced that BAE Systems had made unaccounted payments of roughly $3.5 million to a consultant; this revelation prompted South African opposition parties to call for a renewed inquiry.[199][200] The Gripen's procurement by the Czech Republic was also under investigation by the SFO in 2006 over allegations of bribery.[201]

Criticism

Espionage

In September 2003 The Sunday Times reported that BAE Systems had hired a private security contractor to collect information about individuals working at CAAT and their activities.[202][203] In February 2007, it was reported that the corporation had again obtained private confidential information from CAAT.[204]

The company was reported in 2012 to have been the target of Chinese cyber espionage that may have stolen secrets related to the F-35 Lightning II.[205]

Cluster bombs

In 2003, BAE Systems was criticised for its role in the production of cluster bombs, due to the long-term risk for injury or death to civilians. Following the 2008 Oslo Convention on Cluster Munitions BAE Systems was among the first defence contractors to stop their manufacture[206][207] and by 2012 the majority of the munitions had been destroyed.[208]

Saudi war in Yemen

Saudi Arabia is BAE's third biggest market.[209] The Independent reported that BAE-supplied aircraft were used to bomb Red Cross and MSF hospitals in Yemen."[210] Sir Roger Carr rejected criticism over BAE's continued work in Saudi Arabia, saying "We will stop doing it when they tell us to stop doing it... We maintain peace by having the ability to make war and that has stood the test of time."[211] BAE Systems sold weaponry worth £17.6 billion to Saudi Arabia during the Yemen war.[212]

Israel's war in Gaza

Direct action was taken against arms companies in the United Kingdom, including BAE Systems, that supplied weapons to Israel during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. For instance, on 10 November 2023, trade unionists in Rochester, Kent, blocked the entrances to a BAE Systems factory, stating the facility manufactured military aircraft components used to bomb the Gaza Strip.[213]

Political influence and donations

Former Foreign Secretary Robin Cook said of his time in office that he "came to learn that the chairman of BAE appeared to have the key to the garden door to number 10. Certainly I never knew No 10 to come up with any decision which would be incommoding to BAE."[214]

In the United States BAE Systems is a significant political donor to both Democratic and Republican candidates and organisations.[215] In 2016 its political action committee (PAC) contributions were the second largest of any foreign corporation after UBS.[216] In January 2021 following the 2021 United States Capitol attack BAE Systems announced that it was suspending political donations in the US. On 30 March it once again began making large political contributions, including one to the National Republican Senatorial Committee.[217]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Annual Report 2022 BAE Systems plc" (PDF). BAE Systems. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  2. ↑ "Company Information". BAE Systems | United Kingdom.
  3. ↑ "BAE Systems plc - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk.
  4. 1 2 "BAE Systems sheds 2,000 jobs in Britain". The Economist. 12 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  5. ↑ Defence IQ Press 06/12/2013 (12 June 2013). "Top 10 Defence Companies: BAE Systems #3". Defence IQ. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ "Top 100 for 2021". Defense News. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  7. ↑ "BAEシステムズジャパン正式発足、戦略市場として体制強化" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 4 November 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  8. ↑ "黒船来る？ 英巨大企業BAEシステムズ日本法人設立 国や日本企業が期待を抱く切実理由" (in Japanese). 17 November 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  9. 1 2 Turpin, Andrew (4 March 2000). "BAE eyes US targets after profit rockets". The Scotsman. UK: The Scotsman Publications. p. 26.
  10. ↑ Dow, James (23 July 2004). "Edinburgh's first line of defence". The Scotsman. UK. Archived from the original on 15 August 2004. Retrieved 26 September 2007.
  11. ↑ "Who Built Concorde?". Heritage Concorde. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  12. 1 2 "BAe and Thomson-CSF SA: A report on the proposed merger" (PDF). Competition Commission. 6 February 1991. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 February 2006. Retrieved 8 December 2005.
  13. ↑ "The BAE Systems Lineage". BAE Systems Heritage. BAE Systems plc. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2007. (Click on Air tab.)
  14. ↑ "1874 Guglielmo Marconi". BAE Systems Heritage. BAE Systems plc. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  15. ↑ "A new industry". connected-earth.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 12 September 2007. during the Second World War it developed the cavity magnetron for radar
  16. 1 2 "The companies involved, and the merger situations" (PDF). Competition Commission. 1989. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  17. 1 2 Leadbeater, Chris (3 July 1990). "A marriage of convenience 'GEC and Siemens propose to create a major new European partnership. The acquisition of Plessey ... will be the springboard for further substantial expansion together.'". Financial Times.
  18. ↑ Cowe, Roger (4 July 1999). "Weinstock's £1bn finale". The Guardian. UK: Guardian Newspapers.
  19. ↑ "Deal reached on shipyard future". BBC News. 14 December 1999. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  20. ↑ "GEC Completes Tracor Acquisition". Defense Week. 29 June 1998. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  21. ↑ Rothman, Andrea; Landberg, Reed (15 June 1997). "Europe Defense Firms Feel Pressure to Unite". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2007.
  22. ↑ "Business: The Company File: Defence merger on the radar". BBC News. 10 July 1998. Archived from the original on 24 November 2005. Retrieved 15 September 2007.
  23. ↑ Jones, Adam (20 January 1999). "Europe cries foul as New BAe emerges". The Times. UK.
  24. ↑ Sparaco, Pierre; Morrocco, John D. (30 June 1997). "French Government Grapples With Aerospace Strategy". Aviation Week and Space Technology. McGraw-Hill.
  25. ↑ Gray, Bernard; Michael Skapinker (24 June 1997). "Giant waiting in the wings: Bernard Gray and Michael Skapinker ask if Europe's defence industry can consolidate in time to challenge US dominance". Financial Times.
  26. ↑ "BAe and Dasa discuss proposals for merger: Aerospace groups still have 'important issues to resolve'". Financial Times. 24 July 1998. p. 1.
  27. 1 2 3 Spiegel, Peter (17 July 2004). "The largest aerospace companies gather next week for the Farnborough air show but the event will be without its long-time unofficial host". Financial Times. p. 11.
  28. ↑ Hotten, Russell (19 March 1996). "GEC confirms Simpson job". The Independent. UK: Newspaper Pub. p. 17.
  29. ↑ BAE Systems Annual Report 1999 22. BAE Systems plc (2000).
  30. ↑ Nevill, Louise (4 January 1999). "BAe and Marconi moving toward merger". The Scotsman. UK: The Scotsman Publications. p. 17.
  31. ↑ "Speculation Rises on GEC Merger". The Scotsman. UK: The Scotsman Publications. 28 December 1998.
  32. ↑ "Airbus feud threatens UK jobs". The Guardian. 24 July 2000. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  33. ↑ "UK Releases BAE SYSTEMS From Undertakings For Marconi Electronic Merger". Defense Daily International. 9 February 2007.
  34. ↑ "Individual Foreign Shareholding Restrictions". BAE Systems. Archived from the original on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  35. ↑ "BAE Systems 2000 Annual Report" (PDF). BAE Systems. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
  36. ↑ Spiegel, Peter (7 December 2004). "Oil or missiles, the constant is power". Financial Times.
  37. 1 2 3 Spiegel, Peter (25 June 2005). "BAE prepares for increase land war spend". Financial Times.
  38. ↑ Robertson, David (15 January 2011). "BAE switches its focus from tanks and warships to cyber security". The Times.
  39. ↑ Odell, Mark (1 February 2003). "BAE agrees new deal for Astrium". Financial Times. p. 15.
  40. 1 2 "Acquisitions and Disposals". BAE Systems plc. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
  41. ↑ "BAE SYSTEMS closes the RJX Programme" (Press release). BAE Systems plc. 27 November 2001. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 4 October 2007.
  42. ↑ "EADS, BAE and Finmeccanica Complete MBDA Merger". Defense Daily International. 21 December 2001. the new MBDA, the world's second largest missile manufacturer behind Raytheon
  43. ↑ "MBDA prepares for consolidation". Financial Times. 16 March 2006.
  44. ↑ Barrie, Douglas; Wall, Robert; Sparaco, Pierre (17 April 2006). "High-Stakes Gamble; BAE Systems bets future on defense, using its Airbus share as ante". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
  45. ↑ Odell, Mark (12 December 2002). "BAE warning sends share price to 7-year low: News of 'additional issues' on two big defence contracts takes market by surprise". Financial Times.
  46. ↑ Odell, Mark (20 February 2003). "Whitehall re-draws key BAE defence contracts". Financial Times.
  47. ↑ Done, Kevin (13 December 2002). "Nimrod refit turns into nightmare". Financial Times. p. 24.
  48. ↑ "Nimrod: a sorry saga with a messy ending". The Telegraph. 27 January 2011. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  49. 1 2 Evans, Michael; Benett, Rosemary (31 July 2003). "Cabinet battle over British jet contract". The Times. UK.
  50. ↑ Hotten, Russell (20 March 2004). "Protests loom over Hawk deal with India". The Times. UK: Times Newspapers.
  51. ↑ "BAE ties up £2.6bn Italian deal". BBC News. 3 June 2003. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  52. ↑ Parmalee, Patricia J. (9 April 2007). "Selex Sale Sealed". Aviation Week & Space Technology. The McGraw-Hill Companies.
  53. 1 2 "BAE shares rise after sales talk". BBC News. 26 April 2004. Archived from the original on 9 July 2004. Retrieved 8 December 2005.
  54. ↑ Robertson, David (26 July 2007). "BAE-VT merger". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  55. ↑ "Warship deal takes a step closer". BBC News. 1 July 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  56. ↑ "BAE triumphs in tank firm battle". BBC News. 4 June 2004. Archived from the original on 3 July 2004. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  57. ↑ "BAE Systems to buy US rival UDI". BBC News. 7 March 2005. Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 13 September 2007.
  58. ↑ "BAE Systems Completes Acquisition of United Defense Industries; Creates Global Land Systems Enterprise". Businesswire. 24 June 2005. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  59. ↑ Boxell, James (31 December 2005). "BAE forced into cut-price sale". Financial Times.
  60. ↑ "BAE sells Prestwick unit for £80m". BBC News. 31 January 2005. Archived from the original on 4 September 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  61. ↑ "Fears for future of BAE plant". BBC News. 14 October 2002. Archived from the original on 5 July 2004. Retrieved 31 January 2006.
  62. ↑ "Saudi Arabia buys 72 Eurofighters". BBC News. 18 August 2006. Archived from the original on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 18 August 2006.
  63. ↑ Steiner, Rupert (10 September 2006). "BAE clinches new £2.5bn Tornado deal with Saudis". The Business.
  64. ↑ Baldwin, Tom (13 December 2006). "Britain in fighter deal with US". The Times. UK.
  65. ↑ Robertson, David (23 December 2006). "BAE emerges from the political storm with MoD Tornado contract". The Times. UK.
  66. 1 2 "BAE Systems plc announces proposed acquisition of Armor Holdings Inc" (PDF) (Press release). BAE Systems plc. 7 May 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2007.
  67. ↑ "BAE Systems completes acquisition of Armor Holdings Inc" (Press release). BAE Systems plc. 31 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  68. 1 2 "Racing success as BAE Systems and Team McLaren Mercedes technology partnership celebrates 10 years" (Press release). BAE Systems plc. 9 March 2006. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  69. ↑ "2008 Ultimate Season Review". F1 Racing. Haymarket. March 2008. pp. 99–101.
  70. ↑ Robertson, David (28 June 2008). "Ian King takes over at BAE Systems and promises to raise standards". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  71. ↑ "BAE in £2bn MoD ammunition deal". BBC News. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  72. ↑ Costello, Miles (29 July 2008). "BAE makes agreed £531m cash offer for Detica". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
  73. ↑ Hubler, David (22 December 2010). "Purchase of Danish company expands BAE's cyber, intell capabilities". Washingtontechnology.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  74. ↑ "BAE Systems announces recommended offer to acquire Norkom at". Baesystems.com. 14 January 2011. Archived from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
  75. ↑ "BAE reveals 'Airbus UK' proposal". Flight Global. 25 April 2000. Archived from the original on 26 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  76. ↑ Spiegel, Peter (7 September 2005). "BAE denies Airbus sale plans". Financial Times.
  77. ↑ "BAE confirms possible Airbus sale". BBC News. 7 April 2006. Archived from the original on 20 November 2006. Retrieved 12 August 2006.
  78. ↑ Gow, David (3 July 2006). "BAE under pressure to hold Airbus stake". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2006.
  79. ↑ "BAE Systems says completed sale of Airbus stake to EADS". Forbes. 13 October 2006. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2006.
  80. ↑ "Airbus in UK". Airbus. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 5 October 2007.
  81. ↑ Roland, Gribben (18 February 2010). "BAE takes £600m hit on lost trucks contract". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 20 February 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  82. ↑ Robertson, David (15 October 2009). "BAE Systems left licking its wounds on Armor Holdings acquisition". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 12 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  83. 1 2 "Preliminary Announcement and Presentation 2009" (PDF). BAE Systems. 18 February 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
  84. ↑ Pfeifer, Sylvia (19 February 2010). "The route ahead lies across rough terrain". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  85. 1 2 "BAE Systems 2005 Annual Report" (PDF). BAE Systems. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2006.
  86. 1 2 Robertson, David (5 March 2010). "BAE cuts links to Saab and ill-fated fighter". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2010.
  87. 1 2 Hoyos, Carola (11 September 2010). "BAE prepares to streamline US business". Financial Times. London.
  88. ↑ Buck, Jon (11 January 2011). "BAE Drops Asset Sale Plan". The Wall Street Journal.
  89. ↑ "Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review" (PDF). HM Government. 19 October 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  90. ↑ Ministry of Defence nuclear programme (PDF). Committee of Public Accounts (Report). UK Parliament. 10 September 2018. HC 1028. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  91. ↑ "BAE Systems Sells Leasing Business, Regional Aircraft Portfolio". Aviation Week. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  92. ↑ "BAE Systems job cuts: Consultation period due to start". BBC News. 28 September 2011. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  93. ↑ "Falling Armaments Demand Hits BAE Profits". Armed Forces International. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
  94. ↑ "Contract Awarded to Enhance Royal Saudi Air Force Training Capability". BAE Systems. Archived from the original on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
  95. ↑ "BAE Systems wins £2.5bn Oman Hawk and Typhoon contract". BBC News. 21 December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018.
  96. ↑ "BAE Systems shares shed gains after EADS merger talk". BBC. 13 September 2012. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  97. ↑ Snyder, Jim; Ray, Susanna (13 September 2012). "Boeing Says EADS Seeking U.S. Growth With BAE Merger". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
  98. ↑ "BAE-EADS merger cancelled amid political impasse". BBC. 10 October 2012. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  99. ↑ Milmo, Dan (11 October 2012). "BAE-EADS: Angela Merkel blamed for collapse of £28bn merger". theguardian.com. London. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  100. ↑ "BAE to cut 1,775 shipbuilding jobs". Descrier. 6 November 2013. Archived from the original on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  101. ↑ "BAE Systems set to cut 440 management jobs". Archived 1 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 9 October 2014.
  102. ↑ "BAE To Cut 440 Management Jobs". Defense News, 9 October 2014.
  103. ↑ "BAE Acquires Signal Innovations Group". Defense Daily. 16 October 2014. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  104. ↑ "BAE Systems wins 348 million pounds contract for new UK patrol ships". reuters.com. Reuters. 21 August 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  105. ↑ "Babcock, BAE Systems win $5.2 billion UK naval contracts" (Press release). Reuters. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  106. ↑ BAE Systems to buy U.S. cyber security firm SilverSky for $232.5 million Archived 17 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters, 21 October 2014
  107. ↑ "Britain, Turkey sign defence deal to develop Turkish fighter jet". Reuters. 27 January 2017. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  108. ↑ Chuter, Andrew; Sprenger, Sebastian (1 July 2019). "Rheinmetall, BAE consummate armored-vehicles joint venture". defensenews.com. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  109. ↑ Keller, John. "BAE Systems completes $1.9 billion buy of Raytheon's military Global Positioning System (GPS) business". Military & Aerospace Electronics. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  110. ↑ Chuter, Andrew (30 November 2020). "BAE Systems gets $3.2 billion deal so British forces can reload". Defense News. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  111. ↑ "BAE Systems forecasts more growth on Ukraine conflict boost". Reuters. 23 February 2023.
  112. ↑ "Ukraine war: How weapons makers are profiting from the conflict". Sky News. 10 June 2022.
  113. ↑ "BAE Systems unveils record orders as Ukraine war bolsters military spending". The Independent. 23 February 2023.
  114. ↑ Shabong, Yadarisa (17 August 2023). "BAE snaps up Ball's aerospace arm for $5.6 billion in its biggest deal ever". Reuters.
  115. ↑ Hoskins, Peter (2 October 2023). "Aukus: UK defence giant BAE Systems wins £3.95bn submarine contract". BBC News. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  116. ↑ SIPRI Top 100 Arms-Producing and Military Service Companies SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  117. ↑ "Defense News Top 100 for 2008". defensenews.com. Army Times Publishing Company. 2008. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  118. ↑ "Royal Air Force Aircraft & Weapons" (PDF). Royal Air Force. pp. 6–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2007. Retrieved 12 February 2007.
  119. ↑ "BAE deliver 1,000th F-35 jet fuselage". UK Defence Journal. 18 February 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  120. ↑ "Military trainers review: BAE Systems". Flight International. Reed Business Information. 20 March 2007. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
  121. ↑ Bowler, Tim (20 July 2006). "BAE spyplane eyes commercial sector". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 February 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  122. ↑ "UK unveils new Tempest fighter jet to replace Typhoon". The Guardian. 16 July 2018. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  123. ↑ "The SA80 Gets Multi-Million Pound Upgrade". Defence Procurement International. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  124. ↑ Chuter, Andrew (23 March 2021). "New UK naval shipbuilding strategy prizes keeping foreign yards out". /www.defensenews.com. Sightline Media Group LLC. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  125. ↑ "France Studies Nuclear Missile Replacement". Defense News. 1 December 2014.
  126. ↑ Boxell, James (16 March 2007). "BAE Systems and Carlyle in talks over shipyard". Financial Times. BAE owns the UK's only submarine-building yard at Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria... Britain's Trident nuclear deterrent... is carried aboard four submarines.
  127. ↑ Mathieson, SA (1 December 2010). "MoD top 100 suppliers: How you each gave BAE Systems £64 last year". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2010.
  128. ↑ "The economic contribution of BAE Systems to the UK and implications for defence procurement strategy" (PDF). Oxford Economic Forecasting. January 2004. p. 51. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
  129. ↑ Jameson, Angela (27 February 2006). "BAE Systems chief reaps reward for years of fighting for revival". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
  130. ↑ Dr Steven Schofield (March 2006). "The UK Defence Industrial Strategy and Alternative Approaches" (PDF). Basic Papers: Occasional Papers on International Security Policy. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
  131. ↑ Warwick, Graham (6 June 2004). "Best of British; For years BAE Systems' identity was British, but with its investment in foreign markets increasing, change is just around the corner". Flight International. Reed Elsevier Inc. p. 48.
  132. ↑ "BAE Systems: Changing places". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper. 26 October 2006. Archived from the original on 15 November 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
  133. ↑ "Defence Industrial Strategy" (PDF). assets.publishing.service.gov.uk. Ministry of Defence. December 2005. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  134. ↑ Barrie, Douglas (7 December 2005). "British Defense Industrial Strategy Secures BAE Systems as UK. Champion". Aviation Week & Space Technology. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
  135. ↑ "New Deal for UK Industry". Interavia (684): 10–17. Summer 2006. ISSN 1423-3215.
  136. ↑ "Getting it together?". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper. 20 July 2002.
  137. ↑ Robertson, David (10 August 2007). "Milestone for BAE as its trade with America outstrips MoD business". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  138. ↑ Schneider, Greg (7 November 2000). "Arms Across the Atlantic; A Yank Leads the Former British Aerospace To the Top Tier of U.S. Defense Contractors". The Washington Post.
  139. ↑ Boxell, James (8 May 2007). "Armor opens Pentagon door for BAE". Financial Times.
  140. ↑ Spiegel, Peter (3 February 2004). "Boeing head rejects tie-up with BAE: New chief executive of US aerospace group says UK defence contractor is 'not an attractive target'". Financial Times.
  141. ↑ Perrett, Bradley (2 July 2008). "BAE completes acquisition of Tenix Defense". Aerospace Daily & Defense. The McGraw-Hill Companies.
  142. ↑ "Our People". www.baesystems.com. BAE Systems. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  143. ↑ "BAE Systems has Saudi Arabia's 2030 localization targets as its core goal". Arab News. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  144. ↑ "ÅF signs framework agreement with BAE Systems Bofors AB". AF Consult. 24 June 2008. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
  145. ↑ "英BAE、日本に子会社設立 防衛省と関係強化" (in Japanese). Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  146. ↑ "Twitter account of Oleksii Reznikov, Minister of Defence of Ukraine". Twitter.com. Twitter. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
  147. ↑ Sandle, Paul (4 January 2024). "BAE Systems signs US Army deal for M777 gun structures". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  148. ↑ "Company Info Archived 2 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine." BAE Systems. Retrieved 31 August 2011. "Registered office 6 Carlton Gardens, London, SW1Y 5AD, United Kingdom"
  149. ↑ "London > BAE Systems plc." BAE Systems. Retrieved 31 August 2011. "BAE Systems plc Address London – Stirling Square Carlton Gardens London SW1Y 5AD United Kingdom " Archived 4 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  150. ↑ "Head Office." BAE Systems. Retrieved 31 August 2011. "As you might expect, our London Head Office is the base for our Executive Board and for other senior group managers in strategic roles." and "Head Office is located in Central London but also has a number of support functions and functional specialists based in Farnborough, Hampshire."
  151. 1 2 3 4 "Board of Directors". BAE Systems plc. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  152. 1 2 3 Wachman, Richard (21 March 2002). "A very British coup at BAE". The Observer. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 October 2006.
  153. ↑ Watson, Ian (7 April 2002). "Weston is blown away in shootout at Dukes Hotel". The Business. Sunday Business Group. p. 10.
  154. ↑ Northedge, Richard (7 July 2002). "Turner Gets Ready For War". The Business.
  155. ↑ Morgan, Oliver (4 July 2005). "BAE's Olver demands 'root and branch' change". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2005.
  156. ↑ Hope, Christopher (14 June 2005). "BAE chief admits clashing with chairman over Europe". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2005.
  157. ↑ Costello, Miles (16 October 2007). "Mike Turner abruptly quits as BAE's chief". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  158. ↑ Fidler, Stephen (28 June 2008). "BAE's search for successor to Turner ends in its own backyard". Financial Times.
  159. 1 2 "Ian King (CEO) to retire 30 June 2017". BAE Systems. 22 February 2017. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  160. ↑ "BAE Systems: Preliminary Results 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
  161. ↑ "BAE Systems 2008 Preliminary results" (PDF). BAE Systems. 19 February 2009. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
  162. ↑ BAE Systems 2002 Annual Report p.76 BAE Systems. Retrieved 1 March 2007.
  163. ↑ Allen, Paddy (1 October 2009). "Seven countries where BAE have been undec investigated – Bribing for Britain?". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
  164. ↑ Leigh, David (12 October 2009). "BAe bribery case: MP urges Gordon Brown to intervene". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
  165. ↑ "BAE in several corruption probes". BBC. 7 February 2007. Archived from the original on 19 February 2007. Retrieved 15 February 2007.
  166. ↑ "Corporate Responsibility Report 2006" (PDF). BAE Systems plc. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  167. ↑ "Lord Woolf to head BAE's review". BBC News. 11 June 2007. Archived from the original on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2009.
  168. ↑ "BAE review seeks bribery controls". BBC News. 6 May 2008. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 12 March 2009.
  169. ↑ Leigh, David (1 October 2009). "SFO seeks BAE prosecution over bribery claims". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
  170. ↑ Leigh, David (6 February 2010). "BAE admits guilt over corrupt arms deals". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
  171. ↑ "BAE Systems PLC Pleads Guilty and Ordered to Pay $400 Million Criminal Fine". US Department of Justice press release. Washington, DC. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
  172. ↑ Dawber, Alistair (3 March 2010). "BAE protesters win SFO injunction". The Independent. UK. Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
  173. ↑ Leigh, David (6 February 2010). "BAE admits guilt over corrupt arms deals". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  174. ↑ "Campaigners Continue to Raise Concerns About SFO-BAE Settlement Process". caat.org.uk. 8 April 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  175. ↑ Burrows, Gideon (8 August 2003). "Out of arms way". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
  176. ↑ Leigh, David; Evans, Rob (25 July 2006). "Parliamentary auditor hampers police inquiry into arms deal". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2006.
  177. ↑ David, Wearing (28 November 2018). AngloArabia : why Gulf wealth matters to Britain. Cambridge, UK. pp. P168-169. ISBN 9781509532032. OCLC 1027067212.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  178. ↑ "Saudi defence deal probe ditched". BBC News. 15 December 2006. Archived from the original on 9 February 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2007.
  179. ↑ "'Great damage' of BAE deal ruling". BBC News. 1 February 2007. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 2 February 2007.
  180. ↑ "Saudi prince 'received arms cash'". BBC News. 7 June 2007. Archived from the original on 7 October 2007. Retrieved 8 September 2007.
  181. ↑ Robertson, David; Baldwin, Tom (27 June 2007). "US Justice Department to scrutinise BAE's Saudi deals". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2007.
  182. 1 2 Jagger, Suzy (19 May 2008). "BAE accused of being uncooperative with US investigators". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
  183. ↑ "Court to study BAE fraud decision". BBC News. 9 November 2007. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
  184. ↑ "SFO unlawful in ending BAE probe". BBC News. 10 April 2008. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 18 April 2008.
  185. ↑ Gibb, Frances; Webster, Philip (11 April 2008). "High Court rules that the halt to BAE investigation was 'unlawful, a threat to British justice'". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
  186. ↑ "SFO allowed to contest BAE ruling". BBC News. 24 April 2008. Archived from the original on 29 April 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
  187. ↑ Evans, Rob; Leigh, David (9 July 2008). "Government 'did not try' to fend off Saudi inquiry threats". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 12 July 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  188. ↑ "Lords overturn Saudi probe ruling". BBC News. 30 July 2008. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2008.
  189. ↑ Leigh, David; Evans, Rob (15 September 2005). "Revealed: BAE's secret £1m to Pinochet". The Guardian. UK: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2006.
  190. ↑ Franklin, Jonathan (12 July 2006). "Pinochet and son deny selling cocaine to Europe and US". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2006.
  191. ↑ Leigh, David; Evans, Rob (15 July 2006). "Bribery inquiry may force £7m refund to Romania". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 14 August 2006.
  192. ↑ David Leigh and Rob Evans, "We paid three times too much for UK frigates, Romania says". The Guardian, 13 June 2006.
  193. ↑ "Tanzania could seek radar refund". BBC News. 2 February 2007. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  194. ↑ Leigh, David (19 December 2010). "WikiLeaks cables: Tanzania official investigating BAE 'fears for his life'". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  195. ↑ "Tanzania radar sale 'waste of cash'". BBC News. 14 June 2002. Archived from the original on 28 October 2002. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
  196. ↑ "BAE Systems faces bribery charges" Archived 2 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News, 1 October 2009.
  197. ↑ Short, Clare (1 October 2009). "BAE's government-backed rip-off". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
  198. ↑ Plaut, Martin (12 January 2007). "BAE South African deal 'probed'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 16 January 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2007.
  199. ↑ Zander, Christina. "Saab Denies South African Bribe Claim". Archived 9 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Wall Street Journal. 20 May 2011.
  200. ↑ "Call for new South African arms deal investigation." Archived 23 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 17 June 2011.
  201. ↑ "FAQ: The investigation". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. 29 November 2006. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
  202. ↑ "How the woman at No 27 ran spy network for an arms firm". The Sunday Times. UK: Times Newspapers. 28 September 2003. p. 10.
  203. ↑ Thomas, Mark (4 December 2007). "Martin and me". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
  204. ↑ Monbiot, George (13 February 2007). "The parallel universe of BAE: covert, dangerous and beyond the rule of law". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. Archived from the original on 31 August 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
  205. ↑ "Security experts admit China stole secret fighter jet plans". theaustralian.com.au. The Australian. 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  206. ↑ "Do you make or sell cluster munitions?". BAE Systems. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  207. ↑ "Corporate Responsibility Panel" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
  208. ↑ Norton-Taylor, Richard (6 September 2012). "Most of Britain's cluster bomb stockpile has been destroyed, say activists". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  209. ↑ "BAE Says Islamic State War Is Call to Arms for Weapons-Maker Archived 21 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine". Bloomberg. 19 February 2015.
  210. ↑ "Theresa May should expel Saudi Arabia from the UN Human Rights Council, but that's not enough to absolve the UK Archived 13 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine". The Independent. 19 August 2016.
  211. ↑ "BAE chairman to peace activists: 'weapons sales encourage peace' Archived 28 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine". The Guardian. 4 May 2016.
  212. ↑ Miller, Phil (16 April 2021). "DECLASSIFIED UK: BAE Systems sold weaponry worth £17.6bn to Saudis during Yemen war". Daily Maverick.
  213. ↑ Luck, Flaminia (10 November 2023). "Israel-Gaza: Union members block arms factory in protest over conflict". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023.
  214. ↑ "The firm with a 'back door key to Number 10'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  215. ↑ Ralph, Alex; Greenwood, George. "Donations to US election candidates linked to British companies". www.thetimes.co.uk. The Times. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  216. ↑ Knigge, Michael. "Foreign-connected PACs spent $10 million on the US election so far". www.dw.com. DW. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  217. ↑ Gould, Joe (4 June 2021). "Defense firms quietly resume political giving after post-insurrection pause". www.defensenews.com. Defense News. Retrieved 5 June 2021.

Further reading

  • Hartley, Keith. The Political Economy of Aerospace Industries: A Key Driver of Growth and International Competitiveness? (Edward Elgar, 2014); 288 pages; the industry in Britain, continental Europe, and the US with a case study of BAE Systems.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to BAE Systems.

51°16′25″N 0°46′00″W / 51.27361°N 0.76667°W / 51.27361; -0.76667

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.