"Belle"
Song by Paige O'Hara and Richard White
from the album Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
ReleasedOctober 29, 1991
Length5:09
LabelWalt Disney
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
  • Alan Menken
  • Howard Ashman

"Belle" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Howard Ashman for Walt Disney Pictures' animated film Beauty and the Beast (1991). Originally recorded by American actress and singer Paige O'Hara and American actor Richard White, "Belle", a mid-tempo French and classical music-inspired song, incorporates both Broadway and musical theatre elements. The film's first song and opening number, "Belle" appears during Beauty and the Beast as a large scale operetta-style production number that introduces the film's heroine Belle, considered a book-loving nonconformist by the townspeople of the village, who has grown weary of the provincial life in which she is supposed to live, and Gaston, the film's narcissistic villain who wishes to desire her hand in marriage despite Belle's repeated rejections.

"Belle" has been universally acclaimed by film and music critics. Musically, the song has been compared to various musical numbers from the musical films West Side Story (1961) and The Sound of Music (1965), as well as the Broadway musicals Fiddler on the Roof and She Loves Me. At the 64th Academy Awards in 1992, "Belle" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, but ultimately lost to the film's title song. The song was similarly featured in the Broadway musical based on the film, originally performed by American actress and singer Susan Egan.

Background

History and writing

In an attempt to replicate the unprecedented success of The Little Mermaid (1989),[1] Walt Disney Animation Studios decided to adapt the traditional fairy tale "Beauty and the Beast" into an animated feature film.[2] Although originally conceived as an animated film with "no songs in it whatsoever"[3] under the direction of Richard Purdum, Disney studio chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg was unsatisfied with the dark and somber direction in which the film was headed,[4] and ultimately ordered that it be re-written as a "Broadway-style musical with a strong heroine" instead, similar in concept to The Little Mermaid.[5] Disney then hired lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken to write the film's songs and assist in the "transform[ing of] Beauty and the Beast into a musical", the pair having just recently collaborated on scoring The Little Mermaid.[6]

According to Menken, the "plot-furthering songs"[7] in Beauty and the Beast, including "Belle", developed quite naturally as a result of the fact that the film was written to "almost ... exist as a stage musical", having been "presented in the style of a traditional Broadway musical."[8] According to Broadway actress and singer[9] Paige O'Hara, who both recorded the song and provided the voice of Belle, Ashman and Menken "wanted to leave the pop music sound of Mermaid behind and go for something more Jerome Kern/Rodgers & Hammerstein" for Beauty and the Beast.[10] The film's songs and musical numbers, which were written to both "propel the plot" and offer "character development",[11] were heavily influenced by French, classical and traditional Broadway music.[12] Additionally, Menken described "Belle" and the other Beauty and the Beast songs to The New York Times as "tangents from 18th-century France".[13]

Written in a style that Menken would later admit is very "distant from contemporary pop", the songwriters were initially skeptical of "Belle", fearful of the song's potential to "end their careers at Disney" if it was not well received.[13] Described by the film's producer Don Hahn as a "Gilbert & Sullivan operetta style" song, "Belle" reveals a lot of information "in a very short time". Ashman and Menken initially doubted that the filmmakers would appreciate their very theatrical approach to animation.[14] Much to their surprise, "Belle" was ultimately very well-liked and "adored by the [creative] team",[15] becoming one of the film's few songs to remain unmodified during production.[14]

Context and composition

"[T]hrough the ... song "Belle" ... we learn that [Belle is] smart as well as beautiful, and longs to do something spectacular with her life rather than simply marry some local simpleton. The local simpleton, the brawny, square-jawed Gaston ... decides to marry her anyway and enlists the help of his pipsqueak sidekick Le Fou."
— Film critic Jeffrey M. Anderson of Combustible Celluloid summarizing the scene in which the song appears.[16]

Hoping to write a song that would successfully "portray [Belle] in a world that is so protected and safe", Ashman and Menken drew inspiration from a story-telling style that is often reserved for traditional operettas.[17] As Beauty and the Beast's opening number,[18][19] "Belle", a "pivotal moment...in the narrative",[20] plays a significant role in the film by introducing both the film's heroine, Belle,[18] after whom the song is named, and Gaston, the film's villain. While Belle, a book-loving and intelligent nonconformist who has grown frustrated with her predictable village life, longs for an adventure similar to the ones she reads about in her books,[21] Gaston is a narcissistic hunter who seeks her hand in marriage. In roughly five minutes, the song explains both Belle and Gaston's roles in Beauty and the Beast to the audience. The song also voices the opinions of the townsfolk and "sets up the overall theme and foreshadows what makes the town so oppressive to [Belle]";[22] while the villagers award Belle high praise for her doubtless Beauty, they see her as odd because of her love of books and ridicule her for her non-conformity. However, they appraise Gaston for his looks and masculinity.[23]

According to Irving Tan of Sputnikmusic, "Belle" is an "idyllic, orchestra-driven" musical number,[24] written in the style of a traditional operetta.[25][26][27] The song begins slowly with Belle performing a down-tempo solo about a typical morning in her village before several other villagers and patrons join her when she sings "bonjour."[28] After this, "Belle" adopts a faster pace, becoming a "rhythmically driven tune" several patrons perform at various times throughout the musical number.[28] Eventually, the song features a counter melody performed by Belle, who lovingly recalls a story she is reading about a beautiful young woman and a handsome prince, followed by Gaston performing the faster melody joined by the Bimbettes, who fawn over the character.[28] Finally, in a Broadway-style climax, the song concludes with virtually every villager singing together.[28] Commonly regarded as the film's "I Want" song,[29][30][31] "Belle" offers its protagonist an opportunity to "expresses her yearnings".[9] Described by Filmtracks.com as a "snare-tapping song",[32] "Belle" is, according to sheet music originally published by Walt Disney Music Publishing, a Broadway-inspired and musical theatre-influenced song, performed at a moderate "pastorally" tempo of 80 beats per minute in the key of D major. Combined, O'Hara's soprano[33][34][35] and White's baritone[36][37] vocal ranges span approximately two octaves, from the low note of A3, sung by White, to the high note G5, sung by O'Hara. Additionally, actors Alec Murphy, Mary Kay Bergman and Kath Soucie's vocals are also featured on the track.[38][39] In total, "Belle" runs a length of five minutes and nine seconds.[40][41]

Reception

Critical response

"Wandering through her village while reading a book, Belle becomes the focus of a spectacular opening number that captures the essence of this film's appeal. Bit by bit, the population trickles out to greet Belle and gossip about her, while she herself bemoans the small-mindedness of the place. This rousing number reaches such a flurry of musical counterpoint that it recalls sources as unlikely as West Side Story, while the direction builds energetically from quiet beginnings to a formidable finale."
— The New York Times film critic Janet Maslin's detailed analysis of the song and its corresponding scene.[42]

"Belle" has garnered widespread acclaim from both film and music critics. Filmtracks.com hailed the song as "among the most satisfying and clever cast pieces in history," worthy of its nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. Additionally, Filmtracks.com similarly lauded the song's reprise, drawing similarities between its own instrumentation and that of the title song from The Sound of Music (1965).[32] Sputnikmusic.com's Irving Tan described the song as "idyllic".[24]

Jennie Punter of The Globe and Mail hailed "Belle" as "one of the most delightful openings of any movie musical".[7] The New York Times' Janet Maslin was very enthusiastic about the song, praising the way in which it advances the film's plot, while describing "Belle" as "a spectacular opening number that captures the essence of this film's appeal." Additionally, Maslin drew similarities between "Belle" and some of the songs featured in the musical film West Side Story (1961).[42] Beliefnet called the song a "joyous introductory".[43] Pete Vonder Haar of the Houston Press liked both the song and its reprise, admitting to the inevitability of having to experience an "unexpected swell of emotion" when both songs are heard.[44] Highlighting the song as one of the film's most notable, Sandie Angulo Chen described "Belle" as an "infectious" song "that reveals how different Belle is from the other Disney heroines".[45] While describing the song as a "teeming ... opener", TV Guide positively compared "Belle" to some of the songs featured in the musicals Fiddler on the Roof and She Loves Me.[11] James Berardinelli of ReelViews described "Belle" as "the animated equivalent of Broadway show-stoppers, with all the energy and audacity of something choreographed by Busby Berkeley."[46] Similarly, the New York Post's Lou Lumenick also hailed "Belle" as a "show-stopper".[47]

Ranking Beauty and the Beast Disney's third greatest animated film while hailing it as "the best Disney movie musical," Gregory Ellwood of HitFix wrote, "you can't argue the cinematic joy in numbers such as the opening 'Belle'."[48] Ranking Beauty and the Beast the "Best Disney Soundtrack ... of the Past 25 Years", Moviefone's Sandie Angulo Chen highlighted "Belle", commenting, "There's an infectious quality to all of the Alan Menken and Howard Ashman songs, like the opening number of 'Belle' (that reveals how different Belle is from the other Disney heroines)."[49]

Accolades and legacy

Alongside "Be Our Guest" and "Beauty and the Beast", "Belle" was one of the three Beauty and the Beast songs that received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song at the 64th Academy Awards in 1992.[50][51] "Belle" ultimately lost to the film's title and theme song.[52] According to producer Don Hahn, Disney was actually hoping that the award would go to "Beauty and the Beast" and promoted the song heavily, spending significantly less money and attention on "Belle".[53] Oh No They Didn't ranked "Belle" at number twenty in its article "The Top 25 Disney Songs of All Time".[54]

"Belle" is heavily parodied in the animated musical film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999) through its opening number, "Mountain Town".[55][56] Filmtracks.com described the parody as "a delightful introductory piece".[57] Amy Keating Rogers, a writer working on the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, mentioned she was influenced by the song as she wrote "Pinkie the Party Planner", the first musical number that appears in the musical-intensive episode "Pinkie Pride".[58]

Live performances and cover versions

O'Hara first performed "Belle" live at the 64th Academy Awards ceremony in 1992,[59] at which it was nominated for Best Original Song.[60] In spite of the fact that the producers of the telecast wanted well-known "pop stars" to perform the song at the ceremony, Disney executives Michael Eisner and Jeffrey Katzenberg were adamant that "Belle" be performed by the original artist by whom it was recorded.[61] The producers also gave O'Hara the option to lip-synch the song. However, she opted to perform it live instead. O'Hara was also forced to wear a rendition of Belle's blue and white costume from the film, of which she was harshly critical because she felt that it was "much too frilly", and Belle is supposed to dress "much simpler." She likened the costume to something that the fairy tale character Little Bo Peep would wear. O'Hara admitted that she was very nervous before her performance. However, actress Angela Lansbury, who provided the voice of the character Mrs. Potts in the film and was to perform "Beauty and the Beast" at the ceremony, comforted her by telling her, "Paige, if I sang like you I wouldn't be nervous."[62]

In August 2011, O'Hara performed an abridged version of "Belle" live during the Disney Legends awards ceremony, at which O'Hara was also a recipient.[63] The performance was a Beauty and the Beast medley, during which O'Hara musically combined "Belle" with "Beauty and the Beast" and "Be Our Guest".[64]

In the 2017 live-action adaptation, the song is performed by Emma Watson, Luke Evans, and the ensemble. In 2023, this version of the song was certified Gold.[65]

Certifications

Region CertificationCertified units/sales
United States (RIAA)[66] Gold 500,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

References

  1. ↑ Gibron, Bill (October 5, 2010). "How 'Beauty and the Beast' Changed Oscar's Best Picture Race Forever". PopMatters. PopMatters Media, Inc. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  2. ↑ Taylor, Drew (January 12, 2012). "Review: 'Beauty and the Beast 3D' Is The Same Great Movie, With Some Added 3D Charm". IndieWire. SnagFilms Co. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  3. ↑ Brew, Simon (November 4, 2010). "Looking back at Disney's Beauty And The Beast". Den of Geek. Dennis Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  4. ↑ Clarke, James (2012). "Beauty and the Beast (1991)". Animated Films - Virgin Film. United Kingdom: Random House. ISBN 978-0753512586. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
  5. ↑ Susman, Gary (November 15, 2011). "25 Things You Didn't Know About 'Beauty and the Beast'". Moviefone. Aol Inc. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
  6. ↑ Ames, Katrine (November 17, 1991). "Just The Way Walt Made 'Em". The Daily Beast. The Newsweek/Daily Beast Company LLC. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
  7. 1 2 Punter, Jennie (January 13, 2012). "Beauty and the Beast 3D: Disney classic gets added pop". The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail Inc. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  8. ↑ Arnold, William (December 31, 2001). "Disney brings a 'Beauty' of a film to Imax splendor". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. The Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  9. 1 2 Hartl, John (November 22, 1991). "A Classic Feel Already -- Voices, Visuals Fit Superbly In Disney's 'Beast'". The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times Company. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
  10. ↑ Moore, Roger (January 13, 2012). "Voice of Belle had a ball in 'Beauty and the Beast'". Star Tribune. StarTribune. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
  11. 1 2 "Beauty And The Beast: Review". TV Guide. CBS Interactive Inc. 2001. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  12. ↑ "Interview with Beauty and the Beast Composer Alan Menken". Static Multimedia. Static Multimedia. October 4, 2010. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  13. 1 2 Holden, Stephen (March 15, 1992). "FILM; For Alan Menken, A Partnership Ends But the Song Plays On". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  14. 1 2 Brew, Simon (November 3, 2010). "Don Hahn interview: Beauty And The Beast, Howard Ashman, The Lion King, South Park and Frankenweenie". Den of Geek. Dennis Publishing Limited. Retrieved 25 September 2013.
  15. ↑ Cochrane, Emma. "Beauty And The Beast – Disney at its finest". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  16. ↑ Anderson, Jeffrey M. (September 29, 1991). "Beauty and the Beast (1991)". Combustible Celluloid. Jeffrey M. Anderson. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  17. ↑ Greenberger, Robert (October 2, 2010). "Alan Menken Revisits 'Beauty & The Beast'". Comic Mix. Comic Mix. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
  18. 1 2 Corliss, Richard (January 12, 2012). "Beauty and the Beast in 3-D: Still an Enchantment". Time. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  19. ↑ Cling, Carol (April 21, 2013). "More than 20 years after 'Beauty and the Beast,' Paige O'Hara still remembered as voice of Disney princess". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Stephens Media LLC. Archived from the original on April 8, 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  20. ↑ Vaux, Rob (January 13, 2012). "Mania Review: Beauty and The Beast 3D". Mania.com. Demand Media. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  21. ↑ Ashman Gillespie, Sarah. "Beauty and the Beast". Part of His World - Celebrating the Work of Howard Ashman. Shoptalk Ltd. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  22. ↑ Goldberg, Matt (2012). "BEAUTY AND THE BEAST 3D Review". Collider. Collider.com. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  23. ↑ Wise, Kirk (director); Trousdale, Gary (director) (November 22, 1991). Beauty and the Beast (Motion picture). United States: Buena Vista Pictures.
  24. 1 2 Tan, Irving (April 10, 2011). "Disney Soundtracks – Beauty and the Beast". Sputnikmusic. IndieClick Music Network. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  25. ↑ Leins, Jeff (February 11, 2012). "Rediscovering the Beauty in Disney's 'the Beast'". News in Film. NewsinFilm.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  26. ↑ Greydanus, Steven D. "Beauty and the Beast (1991)". Decent Films Guide. Steven D. Greydanus. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  27. ↑ Johnson, Malcolm (November 22, 1991). "Disney's 'Beast' Is A Work Of Extraordinary Beauty, Brilliance". Hartford Courant. Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  28. 1 2 3 4 MacDonald, Laurence E. (2013). "The Rise of Independent Films, 1990-1999". The Invisible Art of Film Music: A Comprehensive History. United States: Scarecrow Press. pp. 369–370. ISBN 9780810883987 – via Google Books.
  29. ↑ Kois, Dan (November 24, 2010). "Tangled Looks and Feels Great, So Why Is Disney Selling It Short?". The Village Voice. Village Voice, LLC. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  30. ↑ Blauvelt, Christian (November 16, 2010). "Tangled". Slant Magazine. Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on July 1, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  31. ↑ Kois, Dan (November 24, 2010). ""Tangled": Disney's latest makes Rapunzel funny and lively". SF Weekly. SF Weekly, LP. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 15 December 2013.
  32. 1 2 "Beauty and the Beast (Alan Menken)". Filmtracks. Christian Clemmensen (Filmtracks Publications). Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  33. ↑ Whitty, Stephen (January 13, 2012). "Back to 'The Beast': Disney tinkers with an old favorite". The Star-Ledger. New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  34. ↑ Whitty, Steven (January 13, 2012). "Movie review: 'Beauty and the Beast' goes 3-D with mixed results". MassLive. MassLive LLC. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  35. ↑ Weatherford, Mike (January 15, 2012). "Belle still tolls for actress O'Hara". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Stephens Media LLC. Archived from the original on October 25, 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  36. ↑ Shirley, Don (July 13, 1992). "Concert : A Touch of 'Beauty' at Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  37. ↑ Moore, Roger (December 30, 2012). "Movie Review: "Beauty and the Beast"". Movie Nation. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
  38. ↑ "Belle – From Beauty and the Beast - Digital Sheet Music". Musicnotes.com. Alfred Publishing. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
  39. ↑ "Belle (1991) by Alec Murphy, Kath Soucie, Mary Kay Bergman, Paige O'Hara, and Richard White". Popisms.com. Popisms.com. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  40. ↑ Hobart, Tavia. "Disney / Alan Menken Beauty and the Beast". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  41. ↑ "Beauty and the Beast (Soundtrack from the Motion Picture) – Alan Menken". iTunes. Apple Inc. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  42. 1 2 Maslin, Janet (November 13, 1991). "Beauty and the Beast (1991)". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  43. ↑ "Beauty and the Beast". Beliefnet. Beliefnet, Inc. January 13, 2012. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  44. ↑ Vonder Haar, Pete (January 13, 2012). "Reviews For The Easily Distracted: Beauty And The Beast 3D". Houston Press. Houston Press, LP. Archived from the original on 20 August 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
  45. ↑ Chen, Sandie Angulo (November 27, 2013). "The Best Disney Soundtracks of the Past 25 Years: 'Frozen,' 'Lion King,' and More (VIDEO)". Moviefone.com. Aol Inc. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  46. ↑ Berardinelli, James. "Beauty and the Beast". ReelViews. James Berardinelli. Retrieved April 20, 2014.
  47. ↑ Lumenick, Lou (December 31, 2001). "A REAL 'BEAUTY'". New York Post. NYP Holdings, Inc. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  48. ↑ Ellwood, George (November 25, 2013). "Top 20 Disney Animated Films of All-Time". HitFix. HitFix, Inc. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  49. ↑ Chen, Sandie Angulo (November 27, 2013). "Best Disney Soundtracks of the Past 25 Years". Moviefone. Aol Inc. Archived from the original on August 6, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  50. ↑ "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  51. ↑ Deats, Sara Munson; Lenker, Lagretta Talent (January 1, 1999). Aging and Identity: A Humanities Perspective. Westport, Connecticut, United States: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 211. ISBN 978-0275964795. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  52. ↑ Gallagher, Pat (February 21, 2013). "20 Of The Best Oscar Songs of All Time -- From The Vault". The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  53. ↑ Young, John (February 22, 2012). "Oscars 1992: Producer Don Hahn on how 'Beauty and the Beast' changed animation". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly Inc. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  54. ↑ "The Top 25 Disney Songs of All Time". Oh No They Didn't!. DemandMedia Humor. April 18, 2009. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
  55. ↑ Ehren, Christine (July 2, 1999). "'South Park' Movie Mocks Bway Musicals, Features Howard McGillin". Playbill. Playbill, Inc. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  56. ↑ William, Chris (August 9, 1999). "Music From and Inspired by South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  57. ↑ "South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut". Filmtracks. Filmtracks Publications. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  58. ↑ Amy Keating Rogers (2014-02-01). "When I wrote the lyrics for..." Twitter. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
  59. ↑ Greenbeeger, Robert (October 3, 2010). "Paige O'hara, The Voice of Belle, on Being Part of 'beauty and The Beast'". Comic Mix. Comic Mix. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
  60. ↑ "Paige O'Hara Biography". Monsters and Critics. Monsters and Critics.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  61. ↑ "An Interview with Paige O'Hara, the voice of Belle". Dad of Divas. October 2, 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  62. ↑ Sands, Jez (October 25, 2010). "Beauty And The Beast: Paige O'Hara Interview". On the Box. OntheBox.com. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
  63. ↑ Brigante, Ricky (August 20, 2011). "Disney Princesses and Muppets sing at 2011 Disney D23 Expo Legends ceremony". Inside the Magic. Distant Creations Group, LLC. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  64. ↑ Goldhaber, Mark (September 2, 2011). "Disney Legends Class of 2011: Modern princesses, the Muppet master and more". USA Today. USA Today. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  65. ↑ "Gold & Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
  66. ↑ "American single certifications – Richard White – Belle". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.