Charles Blondin
Born
Jean François Gravelet

(1824-02-28)28 February 1824
Hesdin, Pas-de-Calais, France
Died22 February 1897(1897-02-22) (aged 72)
Ealing, London, England
OccupationTightrope walker
Spouses
  • Marie Blancherie
Charlotte Lawrence
​
(died 1888)​
    Katherine James
    ​
    (m. 1895)​
    Children8

    Charles Blondin (born Jean François Gravelet, 28 February 1824 – 22 February 1897) was a French tightrope walker and acrobat. He toured the United States and was known for crossing the 1,100 ft (340 m) Niagara Gorge on a tightrope.

    During an event in Dublin in 1860, the rope on which he was walking broke and two workers were killed, although Blondin was not injured.

    He married three times and had eight children. His name became synonymous with tightrope walking.

    Early life

    Blondin was born on 28 February 1824 in Hesdin, Pas-de-Calais, France.[1][2] His birth name was Jean-François Gravelet, though he was known by many other names and nicknames: Charles Blondin, Jean-François Blondin, Chevalier Blondin, and The Great Blondin. At the age of five, he was sent to the École de Gymnase in Lyon and, after six months of training as an acrobat, made his first public appearance as "The Boy Wonder". His superior skill and grace, as well as the originality of the settings of his acts, made him a popular favourite.[3]

    North America

    Charles Blondin crossing the Niagara River in 1859
    Charles Blondin carrying Colcord on a tightrope
    Engraving (c. 1883) of Blondin crossing Niagara with his manager, Harry Colcord, on his back

    Blondin went to the United States in 1855.[1] He was encouraged by William Niblo to perform with the Ravel troupe in New York City and was subsequently part proprietor of a circus.[4] He especially owed his celebrity and fortune to his idea to cross the Niagara Gorge (on the Canada–U.S. border) on a tightrope, 1,100 ft (340 m) long, 3.25 in (8.3 cm) in diameter and 160 ft (49 m) above the water, near the location of the current Rainbow Bridge. This he did on 30 June 1859,[5] and a number of times thereafter, often with different theatrical variations: blindfolded, in a sack, trundling a wheelbarrow, on stilts, carrying a man (his manager, Harry Colcord) on his back, sitting down midway while he cooked and ate an omelette,[3] or standing on a chair with only one of its legs balanced on the rope.[5][6]

    Britain and Ireland

    On 23 August 1860, he performed at the Royal Portobello Gardens, on South Circular Road, Portobello, Dublin, on a rope 50 feet (15 m) feet above the ground. While he was performing, the rope broke, which led to the collapse of the scaffolding. Blondin was not injured, but two workers who were on the scaffolding fell to their deaths. An investigation was held, and the broken rope (reportedly 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter and 5 inches (13 cm) in circumference) examined. No blame was attributed at the time to either Blondin or his manager; the judge said that the rope manufacturer had a lot to answer for. The organiser of the event, a Mr. Kirby, said he would never have another one like it. A bench warrant for the arrest of Blondin and his manager was issued when they did not appear at a further trial, having returned to the US.[7]

    In 1861, Blondin first appeared in London, at the Crystal Palace, turning somersaults on stilts on a rope stretched across the central transept 70 feet (21 m) from the ground.[3] He performed in September 1861 in Edinburgh, Scotland, at the Royal Botanic Gardens (then called the Experimental Gardens) on Inverleith Row.[8]

    The following year, Blondin was back at the same venue in Dublin, this time performing 100 feet (30 m) above the ground.[9] He gave a series of other performances in 1862, as well, again at the Crystal Palace, and elsewhere in England and Europe.[3] On 6 September 1873, Blondin crossed Edgbaston Reservoir in Birmingham.[10] A statue built in 1992 on the nearby Ladywood Middleway marks his feat.[11]

    In October 1869, Blondin appeared in London at The Crystal Palace Harvest Fete. He traversed the long rope on a bicycle expressly made for the occasion. The bicycle was manufactured by Messrs. Gardiner and Mackintosh, engineers at New Cross and had no weights or attachments of any kind. The bicycle was a replica of a normal bicycle with the exception of the wheels which were deeply grooved to hold the rope.[12]

    On 3 August 1896, at the age of 71, Blondin walked on a tightrope across Waterloo Lake in Roundhay Park Leeds, several times. On one crossing he was blindfolded and on another he stopped to cook himself an omelette and eat it.[13]

    Later years and death

    An elaborate funerary monument of red granite, with two white marble tondi of Blondin and his wife, surmounted by a marble statue of a female figure clad in robes holding an anchor
    Blondin's grave at Kensal Green Cemetery, London

    After a period of retirement, Blondin reappeared in 1880[3] and starred in the 1893–94 season of the pantomime Jack and the Beanstalk at the Crystal Palace, organised by Oscar Barrett.[14] His final performance was in Belfast, Ireland in 1896.

    Blondin died from complications of diabetes at his "Niagara House" in Ealing, London, on 22 February 1897, at age 72 and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.[15] His estate at death was valued at £1,832 (£207,000 as of 2019).[16]

    Personal life

    Charles Blondin married Marie Blancherie on 6 August 1846, legitimising their son Aime Leopold, after which they had two more children.[17] It is not known what happened to his French family after he went to the United States.

    While in the U.S. he married a second wife, Charlotte Lawrence in Boston, Massachusetts in 1852.[18] Together they had five children: Adele (b. 1854), Edward (b. 1855), Iris (b. 1861), Henry Coleman (b. 1862), and Charlotte (b. 1866).[17] In 1895, Blondin married again, this time in the United Kingdom. His third wife, Katherine James,[19] had nursed him through a back injury earlier that year.[20] Although much younger, Katherine survived him by only four years, dying of cancer in 1901 at the age of 36.[20][21]

    Legacy

    Abraham Lincoln depicted as Charles Blondin

    During his lifetime, Blondin's name became so synonymous with tightrope walking that many employed the name "Blondin" to describe others in the sport. For example, there were at least five people working with variations of the Blondin name in Sydney in the 1880s, the most famous of whom was Henri L'Estrange—"the Australian Blondin".[22] So popular had tightrope walking become, that one Sydney resident wrote to the Sydney Morning Herald to complain of "the Blondin business" that saw people walking on high wires wherever the opportunity arose. He noted that he had seen one walking on a wire in Liverpool Street in the city with a child strapped to his back. The practice which had become so popular was both dangerous and, the correspondent thought, likely to be unlawful, particularly in the risk of harming others.[23] In reporting on the fall of a woman from a tightrope at an 1869 performance of Pablo Fanque's Circus in Bolton, the Illustrated London News described the tightrope walker, Madame Caroline, as a "female Blondin".[24]

    Two streets in Northfields, London, are named in his honour: Blondin Avenue and Niagara Avenue; they were formerly the site of part of Hugh Ronalds' renowned nursery.[25] Blondin Park in the same area is also named after him.

    During the run-up to the 1864 United States presidential election, Abraham Lincoln compared himself to "Blondin on the tightrope, with all that was valuable to America in the wheelbarrow he was pushing before him." A political cartoon in Frank Leslie's Budget of Fun took up this quotation on 1 September 1864 depicting Lincoln on a tightrope, pushing a wheelbarrow and carrying two men on his back—Navy Secretary Gideon Welles and War Secretary Edwin Stanton—while "John Bull", Napoleon III, Jefferson Davis (representing England, France, and the Confederacy, respectively), and Generals Grant, Lee and Sherman (representing the military) looked on, among others.[26]

    See also

    References

    Citations

    1. 1 2 Irish Times, Dublin, 25 May 1861
    2. ↑ The birthday is given as "the 24th of February" in: Blondin – His Life and Performances. Edited by George Linnaeus Banks. Published by Authority. London 1862. p. 20 books.google Archived 21 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine
    3. 1 2 3 4 5 One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Blondin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 77.
    4. ↑ Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Blondin, Emile Gravelet" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
    5. 1 2 Abbott, Karen. "The Daredevil of Niagara Falls". Smithsonian.
    6. ↑ "Blondin broadsheet – Details". Archived from the original on 4 December 2011.
    7. ↑ The Irish Times, 24 August 1860, page 3
    8. ↑ Eccentric Edinburgh, JK Gillon
    9. ↑ Irish Times, 1861, 1862
    10. ↑ Birmingham Daily Post, Monday, 8 September 1873 "Blondin at the Reservoir"
    11. ↑ Halifax, Justine (19 October 2015). "Ever wondered what the Ladywood Middleway statue is?". birminghammail. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
    12. ↑ "Crystal Palace - The Harvest Fete". Morning Advertiser. 19 October 1869.
    13. ↑ "Roundhay Park". The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal. Yorkshire Archaeological Society. 58–60: 184. 1986. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
    14. ↑ Backstage.ac.uk – Blondin
    15. ↑ Grave of Jean François Gravelet – Blondin nflibrary.ca Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Obituary THE NEW YORK TIMES, 23 February 1897 Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
    16. ↑ Probate Index for 1897: "GRAVELET otherwise BLONDIN Jean Francois of Niagara-house Ealing Middlesex artist-acrobat died 22 February 1897 Probate London 22 March to Katherine Gravelet widow Henry Coleman Gravelet gentleman and Henry Levy solicitor Effects £1832 16s."
    17. 1 2 "The Blondin Memorial Trust – A Biography". www.blondinmemorialtrust.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
    18. ↑ Ancestry.com. Massachusetts, U.S., Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.Original data: Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records. Provo, UT: Holbrook Research Institute (Jay and Delene Holbrook).
    19. ↑ Register of Marriages for Brentford registration district, Oct–Dec 1895, volume 3a, p. 235: Gravelet, Jean Francois, & James, Katherine
    20. 1 2 Ken Wilson, Everybody's Heard of Blondin (Forward Press, 1990), p. 92
    21. ↑ Register of Deaths for Chelsea registration district, July–Sept 1901, volume 1a, p. 243: Blondin, Katherine G, 36
    22. ↑ Dunn, Mark (2011). "L'Estrange, Henri". Dictionary of Sydney. Dictionary of Sydney Trust. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
    23. ↑ "Dangerous Sports". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 19 February 1880. p. 8. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
    24. ↑ The Illustrated London News. "Thrilling Accident at Bolton 1869". Flickr. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
    25. ↑ Ronalds, B.F. (2017). "Ronalds Nurserymen in Brentford and Beyond". Garden History. 45: 82–100.
    26. ↑ "The Political Blondin". Harper's Weekly. 2008. Archived from the original on 28 November 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2018.

    Sources

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