Borodin (Russian: Бороди́н), or Borodina (feminine; Бородина́) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the name include:

• Alexander Borodin (1833–1887), Russian composer and chemist
• Alexei Borodin (born 1975), Ukrainian-born professor of mathematics at MIT
• Allan Borodin, American mathematician and computational theorist
• Anastasiia Borodina (born 1982), Ukrainian handball player
• Andrey Borodin (born 1967), former President of Bank of Moscow
• Dmitri Borodin, (born 1977), Russian football goalkeeper
• Dmitry Nikolaevich Borodin (1887–1957), Russian-American entomologist and agronomist
• Ilya Borodin (footballer), (born 1976), Russian footballer
• Ilya Borodin, (born 2003), Russian swimmer
• Ivan Parfenievich Borodin, (1847 - 1930), Russian botanist
• Leonid Borodin (1938–2011), Russian novelist
• Mikhail Borodin (1884–1951), Soviet agent in China
• Nikolai Andreyevich Borodin (1861-1937) Russian born American ichthyologist
• Olga Borodina (born 1963), Russian opera mezzo-soprano
• Pavel Borodin (born 1946), Russian politician, member of Boris Yeltsin's administration
• Piotr Borodin (1905–?), Moldavian politician
• Sergei Borodin (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
  • Sergei Borodin (footballer, born 1988), Russian football player
  • Sergei Borodin (footballer, born 1999), Russian football player
• Tatiana Borodina, Russian opera soprano

Fictional characters

• Kostia Borodin, character from the novel Gorky Park
• Vasily Borodin, executive officer on the submarine Red October in the book and film The Hunt for Red October