Murder of Brianna Ghey
Ghey in an undated photograph released by Cheshire Police
Entrance to the Linear Park, and surrounding towns.
LocationCulcheth Linear Park, Borough of Warrington, Cheshire, England
Date11 February 2023 (2023-02-11)
Attack type
Child-on-child murder by stabbing
VictimBrianna Ghey
Convicted2
VerdictGuilty
ConvictionsMurder[1]

On 11 February 2023, Brianna Ghey (7 November 2006 – 11 February 2023) (/dʒaɪ/ JY),[2] a 16-year-old British transgender girl from Birchwood in Warrington, Cheshire, England, was murdered by two teenagers who fatally stabbed her in Culcheth Linear Park in Culcheth.[3][4][5][6]

The two teenagers, both aged 15 at the time, were arrested the next day and eventually charged and convicted of murder.[7][1][8] They were convicted on 20 December 2023 at Manchester Crown Court and will be sentenced in February 2024, when their identities will be revealed to the public.[9] The court will also decide whether the offence was motivated by hate, sadistic fantasies,[10] and whether it involved a significant degree of planning.[11]

Background

Ghey was a 16-year-old transgender girl and a Year 11 pupil at Birchwood Community High School.[12][13] Her parents described her as "a larger-than-life character who would leave a lasting impression on all that met her".[14][15] According to her friends, Ghey would often help younger trans girls safely and legally access hormone replacement therapy.[16] They also said that before Ghey was killed she had faced years of transphobic harassment and bullying, including at school, a part of which was being repeatedly "gang beaten".[16][17][18][19] Birchwood's headteacher said that "I spoke again to Brianna's mum who confirmed that Brianna was not bullied at Birchwood and always felt well supported by the school and she gave me permission to share this with you all".[20]

In addition to being a student, Ghey was also a TikToker under the username @gingerpuppyx,[21] with her number of followers variously reported as 11,000,[22] 31,000[17] and 63,000.[14] On TikTok, she was known for miming and dancing to popular songs.[14] One of her final TikToks said that she was "excluded from school".[17] After her death, her TikTok account was deleted.[18]

Murder

On the afternoon of 11 February 2023, Ghey was found with multiple stab wounds on a path in Culcheth Linear Park by members of the public.[23] Emergency services were called at 3:13 p.m. and she was pronounced dead at 4:02 pm by paramedics at the scene.[23] A Home Office postmortem was ordered to determine the cause of death.[23] On 15 February 2023, prosecutor Leanne Gallagher said the attack on Ghey was "extremely brutal and punishing".[1][24][25] A post-mortem examination found that Ghey had been stabbed 28 times, across her head, neck, chest, and back.[26]

On 8 March 2023, an inquest into Ghey's death was opened at Warrington Coroner's Court, and subsequently adjourned until after the trial. A pre-inquest hearing was scheduled for 17 August 2023.[27][28]

Ghey's funeral was held at St Elphin's Church, Warrington on 15 March 2023.[29]

Aftermath

A group of people gathered in a circle on a sidewalk at night. Many are holding transgender pride flags.
A candlelight vigil held for Ghey in Woking, Surrey on 15 February 2023
Flowers, candles, cards and signs in George Square, Glasgow from the 16 February candlelight vigil for Ghey. This was one of three benches full of memorial items.

A TikTok memorial account and a GoFundMe page were set up by Ghey's friends to support her family. It raised £70,000 in three days, and amassed over 36,000 followers on TikTok.[30][31][32] After Ghey's fundraising page amassed £100,000, her family thanked people for their "overwhelming generosity" and stated the money was spent on her funeral, refurbishing her room, and the purchase of cremation jewellery for the family's remembrance. Some of the donations were designated for a UK children's mental health charity.[33] Candlelight vigils were held across the United Kingdom, and in Dublin, Ireland in the week after Ghey's death.[34][35] The attendance for many of these vigils numbered in the hundreds to thousands.[36][37][38] A Cheshire Police Investigating Officer said Ghey's family were overwhelmed by "the messages of support, positivity and the compassion across the country and beyond".[39]

On 13 February, a no-fly zone was instituted over the site of the killing in response to flights by drones.[40][41] Despite the no-fly zone, people continued to fly drones over the site, prompting condemnation from police.[42]

An LGBTQ-themed radio station, Gaydio, announced it had collaborated with other LGBTQ stations in the UK to broadcast a minute's silence at 11:00 a.m. on 17 February. The silence was preceded by a feature introduced by transgender presenter Stephanie Hirst in which she would reflect on the discrimination and violence often experienced by trans people, as well as paying tribute to Ghey.[43][44][45]

Investigation

Two 15-year-old suspects, a boy from Leigh and a girl from Warrington,[46] were arrested simultaneously at their homes[47] by Cheshire Police on 12 February 2023.[7][48] Police described the killing as a "targeted attack".[14] Mike Evans, Cheshire Police's head of crime, initially said "at this time, there is no evidence to suggest that the circumstances surrounding Brianna's death are hate related". Two days later, on 14 February, the police said they were investigating "all lines of inquiry", including whether the attack had been a hate crime.[49]

On 15 February, the suspects were charged with murder, refused bail and placed in youth detention.[46][50] The next day, the suspects appeared, via video link, in a brief hearing at Liverpool Crown Court.[51] At this hearing, Judge David Aubrey remanded them in youth detention accommodation until a pre-trial preparation hearing on 2 May 2023, in which they were to enter their pleas.[52] The accused were not required to enter a plea, and were remanded until a further hearing on 11 May.[53] In a pre-trial hearing on 20 July 2023, one of the suspects entered a plea of not guilty. A further pre-trial hearing took place on 4 October 2023,[54][55] during which the other suspect pleaded not guilty.[56]

Trial

The trial commenced at Manchester Crown Court on 27 November 2023.[57] Due to the nature of the case, and the ages of those involved, reporting restrictions were put in place preventing the naming of both of the defendants, as well as any other children mentioned during the trial.[58] During the trial, the accused girl was referred to as X, and the accused boy as Y.[57] Both defendants were given the option of participating in the proceedings by either physically attending the court, or remotely via video link from their secure accommodation.[59] The case was heard by Mrs Justice Amanda Yip.[60]

Pretrial

While in custody, X was found to have traits of autism and ADHD;[61] Y was diagnosed after arrest as autistic and as having selective mutism,[61] resulting in him not being able to speak to anyone except his mother.[61] Reasonable accommodations were made for both of the accused during the trial. Because of his selective mutism, Y was allowed to communicate with court by typing on computer. Both perpetrators were given the option to participate in proceedings via a video link, rather than in person.[62] The jury were also told that both X and Y could react or speak differently in the proceedings due to their diagnoses.[61]

Prosecution case

The prosecution was led by Deanna Heer KC,[57] with Cheryl Mottram acting as junior.[63] The prosecution case opened in the afternoon of 27 November 2023,[62] and concluded on 8 December 2023.[64]

During the trial, the prosecution presented evidence in the form of text messages that the defendants had previously tried to poison Brianna using an excessive amount of ibuprofen, resulting in Brianna becoming extremely sick in what her mother had thought at the time to be appendicitis. The defendants had allegedly poisoned her in this manner due to Brianna struggling with depression, meaning that no one would get suspicious if she suddenly died via an overdose of over the counter medication. After that attempt failed, the prosecution alleges, the defendants planned to kill her via repeated stabbing, with Boy Y saying that he wanted "to see if it will scream like a man or a girl". The prosecution presented further texts in which, prior to these attempts, Girl X was recorded as saying that she had become "obsessed" with Brianna, and that Brianna was "really different" and "really pretty".[65][66]

Defence case

Both X and Y made separate defence cases. Richard Pratt KC led the defence case for X,[67] with Sarah Holt acting as junior.[63] Richard Littler KC led the defence case for Y,[67] with Steven Swift acting as junior.[63]

Each defendant placed the blame for the actual killing upon the other, arguing that they themselves were only accessories to the act.[68]

Defence for Boy Y said that Girl X had told him to bring his hunting knife to the park, and that she “had a plan to stab Brianna”. Boy Y further stated that he didn’t take Girl X’s alleged plan seriously because she had a history of “always talking about murder and nothing happens". This allegedly ended with Girl X stabbing Brianna to death, which Boy Y saw. Boy Y denied holding any animosity towards Brianna regarding her trans identity.[69] Boy Y’s defence accused Girl X of manipulating him due to his autism and selective mutism.[70]

Girl X’s defence held that while she may have lured Brianna to the park where she was stabbed and come up with the plan in question, it was only done so as part of a “fantasy”, and that it was Boy Y who carried out the stabbing to Girl X’s “shock”. Girl X described herself as not stopping the act despite her surprise, due to being afraid of Boy Y, describing him as a “sociopath”.[71][72] Girl X’s defence also pointed out how an excess amount of Brianna’s blood was later found on Boy Y’s clothing, while none was found on Girl X’s.[73]

Verdict

The trial lasted three weeks, concluding on 20 December 2023, with both defendants being found guilty of the murder of Ghey.[74] Jury deliberations lasted for 4 hours and 40 minutes.[74] Mrs Justice Yip indicated that life sentences would be forthcoming.[74][75] On 21 December 2023, Yip ruled that anonymity orders that protected the identities of the convicted murderers would be lifted and they would be named during the sentencing hearing scheduled to take place on 2 February 2024 at Manchester Crown Court.[76]

The deputy chief prosecutor for the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) in Cheshire and Merseyside said that the CPS's role is to present evidence for the prosecution, rather than establishing a motive; the judge is to decide at the sentencing if there was any motive to the murder, including that of transphobia.[77]

Reactions

Ghey's death prompted responses from her family, local community, politicians, charities, activists, and musicians. Ghey's family said her death had "left a massive hole in our family".[78] Emma Mills, headteacher of Birchwood Community High School said: "We are shocked and truly devastated to hear of the death of Brianna."[78] A parent of one of Ghey's friends, speaking with the Daily Mail, alleged that the killing was a hate crime.[17]

Labour Party MP Dawn Butler said on Twitter that "Anyone in the media who is using her deadname trying to erase Brianna's identity should be ashamed of themselves."[79] Another Labour Party MP Nadia Whittome said: "Brianna deserved a chance to become a beautiful adult woman, and to live to see a world where trans people are safe and respected."[15] Former Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn responded by saying "she was killed because she wanted to be herself", and adding "My thoughts are with Brianna's family and the trans community fighting for safety, dignity and liberation".[80]

The Miami Herald reported that thousands in the LGBTQ community and users of social media were grieving over the stabbing death of Ghey.[81] LGBTQ rights charity Stonewall and transgender youth charity Mermaids expressed sympathy for Ghey's family.[82][83] Transgender community helplines reported large increases in calls soon after Ghey's death, with topics concerning "transphobia, gender identity and hate crimes".[84] Various musicians tweeted their sorrow, disgust and support, including Yungblud, Big Joanie and Reverend and the Makers.[79]

Misgendering by official sources

The Gender Recognition Act 2004 provides a route to achieving full legal recognition of a transgender person's gender. It is not avaliable to minors. The immediate outcry, both domestically and internationally, was over the assumption that Ghey's death certificate will likely misgender her.[85] U.S. civil rights attorney Alejandra Caraballo wrote "The gender recognition act that the gender criticals keep fighting, with horrific, demonising language, means that Brianna Ghey's death certificate cannot list her gender as female. As a final insult, the English government will officially misgender her in death."[86]

Twitter campaigns called for the UK government to issue a Gender Recognition Certificate to Ghey "so that she can have the dignity in death that everyone else in this world takes for granted".[81] A petition circulated, reaching more than 13,000 signatures, for Ghey's death certificate to posthumously reflect her gender as female. The petition was rejected by the Conservative British government, who stated in response that the current policy "strikes the right balance" and that they had no plans to change it.[87]

In April, the Trans Safety Network reported that, contrary to popular belief, "in an ongoing case concerning a trans person’s death, the coroner has agreed that a Gender Recognition Certificate is unnecessary in order to record the correct name and gender of a trans person on their death certificate."[88] The inquest into Ghey's death was put on hold pending the outcome of the criminal proceedings.[89]

Criticism of UK media

Some UK media outlets were criticised for their reporting of Ghey's death.[15][19][90] The Trans Safety Network said that some UK media outlets were "publicly disrespecting" Ghey in their coverage of her death.[91][92] Initial reporting by both BBC News and Sky News did not state that Ghey was transgender.[91] The Times faced strong criticism after amending their original story by removing the word "girl" and including Ghey's deadname.[19][91] The Times later amended their story again to remove the deadname and re-add the word "girl".[93]

The website The Mary Sue condemned what it described as the transphobic atmosphere of the British press and widespread transphobic reporting on the killing of Ghey.[19] An article by NBC News on the killing commented that "the climate in the U.K. has grown increasingly hostile for trans people over the last few years", noting that advocates within the LGBTQ community have often criticised the UK media in the last few years over publishing articles embracing anti-transgender sentiments.[94] Senthorun Raj, a professor of human rights law, said "We all have a responsibility to challenge the insidious ways the media and politicians dehumanise trans people."[86] Ash Sarkar, a journalist for Novara Media, said she "cannot fathom the callousness involved in making the editorial decision to violate her dignity in death."[91] Labour MP for Warrington North Charlotte Nichols said that she would be lodging a complaint with The Times and the Independent Press Standards Organisation and that "there is absolutely no need whatsoever for anyone to publish her deadname when identifying her as trans in media coverage."[91]

Trial aftermath

Shortly after the verdict was issued, Ghey's mother Esther said that her daughter "was fearless to be whoever she wanted to be".[95] Ghey's father, Peter Spooner, described his daughter as a "beautiful girl to be proud of",[96] and that his heart "bleeds every day for Brianna and this will never go away".[97]

Speaking about the defendants X and Y, Esther Ghey said that prior to the trial she had moments where she "felt sorry for the defendants because they had ruined their own lives as well as ours".[96] However this changed during the trial, stating that she had "lost all sympathy" for the defendants, as neither had displayed "an ounce of remorse for what they have done".[96] She did however urge for "some empathy and compassion" for the families of X and Y, as "they too have lost a child and must live the rest of their lives knowing what their child has done".[96]

After the trial, Detective Mike Evans said: "I still think to this day Brianna wasn’t killed because she was transgender. And possibly the fact she was transgender made her that little bit more vulnerable and accessible".[98][99] The language used by boy Y when talking about Ghey was stated to be "dehumanising" in court.[99] It has not been determined whether the motive for the murder was hate or hostility towards Ghey because she was transgender.[99]

Ursula Doyle, deputy chief crown prosecutor for the Crown Prosecution Service, said that they do not have to prove a motive during the trial; and that they do not have to label the evidence, or prosecute it as, one way or another. She said, "[once] the convictions are recorded, the sentencing exercise takes place, [...] the trial judge, has to decide whether [...] this offence was motivated by hate, by hostility towards transgender [people]".[99]

On the following day, the court remarked that the murder was "a case in which dark thoughts and hateful messages became enacted in real life".[11]

See also

References

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