Brossard
City
Ville de Brossard
Quartier DIX30
Quartier DIX30
Flag of Brossard
Flag
Official seal of Brossard
Seal
Coat of arms of Brossard
Coat of arms
Motto: 
Si Je Puis Oultre
Location within Urban Agglomeration of Longueuil.
Location within Urban Agglomeration of Longueuil.
Brossard is located in Southern Quebec
Brossard
Brossard
Location in southern Quebec.
Coordinates: 45°28′N 73°27′W / 45.467°N 73.450°W / 45.467; -73.450[1]
Country Canada
Province Quebec
RegionMontérégie
RCMNone
AgglomerationLongueuil
FoundedFebruary 14, 1958
Incorporated (city)1978
AmalgamatedJanuary 1, 2002
ReconstitutedJanuary 1, 2006
Founded byGeorges-Henri Brossard
Named forProminent family of the region and the city's founder
Government
[2][3][4]
 • MayorDoreen Assaad
 • Governing BodyBrossard City Council
 • MPAlexandra Mendès (Brossard—Saint-Lambert, LPC)
 • MNALinda Caron (La Pinière, Québec Liberal Party)
Area
[2][5]
 • Total52.20 km2 (20.15 sq mi)
 • Land45.19 km2 (17.45 sq mi)
 • Water13.60 km2 (5.25 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[6]
 • Total91,525
 • Density2,025.3/km2 (5,246/sq mi)
 • Change (2016–21)
Increase6.8%
 • Dwellings
37,275
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Postal code(s)
J4W to J4Z
Area code(s)450 and 579
Highways
A-10
A-15
A-20
A-30
R-132
R-134
NTS Map31H6 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
GNBC CodeEQKVD
Québec Geocode58007
CLSC TerritoryBrossard-Saint-Lambert (16052)
DemonymBrossardois(e)
Rank67th
Websitehttps://www.brossard.ca/

Brossard (/brɒˈsɑːr, ˈbrɒsɑːrd/, French: [bʁɔsaʁ], locally [bʁɔsɑːʁ, bʁɔsɑɔ̯ʁ]) is a municipality in the Montérégie region of Quebec, Canada and is part of the Greater Montreal area. According to the 2021 census, Brossard's population was 91,525.[6] It shares powers with the urban agglomeration of Longueuil and was a borough of the municipality of Longueuil from 2002 to 2006.

According to the website of the city of Brossard, the municipality was named in honour of the Brossard family (the surname derives from a word meaning "brushwood"), a prominent settler family of the area whose presence was first attested in 1766.[7] A member of this family, Georges-Henri Brossard, had been mayor of the predecessor parish municipality of La Prairie-de-la-Madeleine since 1944 and became the first mayor of Brossard.

Other names that were considered included Maisonneuve (which was also considered as a possible name for the Champlain Bridge), La Vérendrye, Marquetteville, or Forgetville. The latter name, in honour of the recently deceased Mgr. Anastase Forget, bishop of Saint-Jean; however, Premier Maurice Duplessis intervened, to avoid the connotations of the English word "forget," and the name Brossard was ultimately chosen.[8]

History

Logo of Brossard from 1983 to 2002

The city of Brossard was founded on February 14, 1958, and was before part of La Prairie-de-la-Madeleine Parish. Its first mayor was Georges-Henri Brossard. At the very beginning, there were 3,400 inhabitants.

The city has some homes dating from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, particularly along Prairies Road.

On August 8, 1964, a portion of land from Greenfield Park was added to Brossard. Furthermore, Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Cœur was annexed to Brossard on March 25, 1978, becoming the "A" section to form the current city.

In the 1970s, an attempt was made by René Désourdy to construct a cemetery in Brossard. The attempt failed due to the water table being too high in most of the city, and as of 2014 Brossard has no cemetery.

Brossard was forcibly merged into the city of Longueuil on January 1, 2002, as a result of municipal reorganization in Quebec. [9] and a demerger movement was started by Pierre Senécal, Jacques St-Amant and Gilles Larin which resulted in a municipal referendum, the largest demerger vote in Québec, that took place on June 20, 2004. 38.70% of the 50,539 qualified voters voted YES for demerger,[10] which met the requirements (35% or more of total voting population) needed for de-amalgamation. As a result, Brossard would continue to be a borough of the city of Longueuil only until the end of 2005.

On January 1, 2006, Brossard was reconstituted as a city and Jean-Marc Pelletier was elected as the new mayor. However, Brossard still remains part of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil and thus, Brossard sits on the agglomeration council which determines certain powers of reconstituted cities.

On November 11, 2017, Doreen Assad was elected mayor of Brossard, the first woman of Egyptian descent to hold such position in Canada .[11]

Geography

Map of the alphabetical sectors of Brossard. X and Y are not included and are to the southeast of Autoroute 30, east and west of Autoroute 10 respectively.

Brossard is surrounded by four municipalities on the South Shore of Montreal: Saint-Lambert, Longueuil (Borough of Greenfield Park and Borough of Saint-Hubert), Carignan and La Prairie. Brossard is situated on the Saint Lawrence River to the west and by the Saint-Jacques River to the south. (see Geographic location section below)

Many parks are scattered throughout the city of Brossard, including Parc écologique des Sansonnets. The parks are connected to the other areas of the city by about 37 km (23 miles) of biking paths.[12] The city also has a municipal library building connected to its city hall building via an indoor passageway.

Brossard is subdivided into many smaller sections. These sections are characterized by having street names that all begin with the same letter of the alphabet. The only notable exceptions are few major arteries (such as Taschereau Boulevard and Rome Boulevard) that span across two or more sections. The lettered sectors were created under a 1960s planning and zoning scheme, pursuant to a guiding plan established by the engineering firm of Beauchemin, Beaton et Lapointe, and had the goal of easier wayfinding in the absence of a right-angled street grid. Some of the sectors correspond to former neighbourhoods or municipalities, as follows:[13]

Sector Original name
ASaint-Alphonse, Notre-Dame-du-Sacré-Cœur
BVanier, Southgate
IParc Industriel
MAster, Asterville
O, R, SBrosseau-Station
P, VMarie-Victorin, Parkland
TChamplain

Some constructions in the "A" and "R" sections of Brossard are older than the city itself because they were built in the former communities of Notre-Dame-du-Sacré Coeur and Brosseau Station, respectively. The "M" and "V" sections are the first neighbourhoods built after the inauguration of Brossard in 1958.

Two sparsely inhabited parts of Brossard, containing no streets other than main arteries and industrial roads, are arbitrarily called the "X" and "Y" sections.

Climate

Climate data for Montreal Saint-Hubert Longueuil Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −5.6
(21.9)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 2.3
(36.1)		 11.3
(52.3)		 19.1
(66.4)		 23.8
(74.8)		 26.6
(79.9)		 25.4
(77.7)		 20.5
(68.9)		 13
(55)		 5.6
(42.1)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 11.4
(52.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −15.1
(4.8)		 −13.1
(8.4)		 −7.3
(18.9)		 0.1
(32.2)		 6.7
(44.1)		 11.9
(53.4)		 14.8
(58.6)		 13.6
(56.5)		 8.8
(47.8)		 2.7
(36.9)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −10.1
(13.8)		 0.9
(33.6)
Source: Environment Canada[14]

Demographics

Historical populations
YearPop.±%
19563,590—    
19613,778+5.2%
196611,884+214.6%
197123,452+97.3%
197637,641+60.5%
1981*52,232+38.8%
198657,441+10.0%
199164,793+12.8%
199665,927+1.8%
200165,026−1.4%
200671,154+9.4%
201179,273+11.4%
201685,721+8.1%
202191,525+6.8%
[15][16][17]
(*) Brossard annexed the Municipality of Notre-Dame.

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Brossard had a population of 91,525 living in 35,885 of its 37,275 total private dwellings, a change of 6.8% from its 2016 population of 85,721. With a land area of 45.19 km2 (17.45 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,025.3/km2 (5,245.6/sq mi) in 2021.[18]

Home Languages

Aside from French, a variety of other languages are spoken in Brossard on a daily basis, as according to the 2021 census. The prominent languages spoken primarily at home and their relative share are French (43%), English (18%), Mandarin (6%), Yue (4%), Spanish (4%) and Arabic (3%).

Ethnicity

Brossard is among the most multicultural municipalities in Greater Montreal as there are 30 ethnic groups that represent at least 1% of the population. According to the 2021 census the prominent ethnic groups and their relative share are Chinese (16%), French (14%), Canadian (13%). Québécois (5%) and Irish (4%)[19]

Chinese 15.8%
French 13.5%
Canadian 12.7%
Québécois 4.7%
Irish 3.8%
Italian 3.6%
French Canadian 3.4%
Arab 2.9%
Vietnamese 2.6%
Indian 2.5%
English 2.1%
Scottish 2.1%
Greek 2.1%
Afghan 1.9%
Spanish 1.8%
Haitian 1.8%
Moroccan 1.8%
Romanian 1.7%
Lebanese 1.6%
Colombian 1.6%
Iranian 1.5%
German 1.5%
Portuguese 1.4%
Egyptian 1.4%
African 1.3%
Russian 1.3%
Pakistani 1.2%
Algerian 1.1%
Polish 1.1%
Filipino 1.0%

Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents and may total more than 100% due to dual responses.
All ethnocultural ancestries of more than 1% are listed in the table above according to the exact terminology used by Statistics Canada.[20]

Housing

Brossard is a mainly residential suburb with a moderate diversity of structural styles. The most popular styles of housing are semi-detached houses which represent 44% of private dwellings and apartment buildings with fewer than five storeys which represent 31% of private dwellings.

Mother tongue languages

Statistics for the population according to mother tongue (the first language learned and still remembered) vary significantly from the statistics for home language (the language spoken most often at home), as well as also varying significantly from the statistics for official language usage.

Mother Tongue (2021)[21] Population Percentage
French 35,285 39.0%
English 10,545 11.7%
English and French 1,915 2.1%
French and a non-official language 1,730 1.9%
English and a non-official language 1,490 1.6%
English, French and a non-official language 1,045 1.2%
Mandarin 6,530 7.2%
Spanish 5,090 5.6%
Arabic 4,855 5.4%
Yue 4,785 5.3%
Dari 1,660 1.8%
Vietnamese 1,520 1.7%
Romanian 1,240 1.4%
Iranian Persian 1,045 1.2%
Greek 1,015 1.1%
Portuguese 1,000 1.1%
Russian 935 1.0%
Italian 625 0.7%
Morisyen 545 0.6%
Urdu 530 0.6%
Bengali 430 0.5%
Bulgarian 385 0.4%
Haitian Creole 370 0.4%
Korean 370 0.4%
Punjabi 345 0.4%
Tagalog 345 0.4%
Canada Census Mother Tongue - Brossard, Quebec
Mother tongue language
Census Total
French
English
French & English
Other
Year Responses Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop % Count Trend Pop %
2021
90,470
 35,285 Decrease 5.6% 39.0% 10,545 Increase 6.9% 11.7% 1,915 Increase 53.2% 2.1% 38,160 Increase 14.9% 42.2%
2016
84,480
 37,385 Increase 0.1% 44.3% 9,865 Increase 4.3% 11.7% 1,250 Increase 10.1% 1.5% 33,215 Increase 15.9% 39.3%
2011
78,835
 37,340 Increase 5.2% 47.4% 9,460 Increase 6.5% 12.0% 1,135 Increase 97.4% 1.4% 28,665 Increase 17.5% 36.4%
2006
70,740
 35,510 Decrease 2.0% 50.2% 8,885 Decrease 1.1% 12.6% 575 Decrease 20.0% 0.8% 24,385 Increase 26.6% 34.5%
2001
64,655
 36,235 Decrease 1% 56.0% 8,985 Decrease 6.6% 13.7% 690 Decrease 23.1% 1.1% 17,890 Increase 2.2% 27.7%
1996
65,927
 36,615 n/a 55.5% 9,575 n/a 14.5% 850 n/a 1.3% 17,505 n/a 26.6%

Economy

Brossard is the commercial hub of the south shore, most businesses located along Taschereau Boulevard, inside Champlain Mall and Place Portobello or at the lifestyle centre, Quartier DIX30. A particular segment of Taschereau Boulevard near La Prairie and the Saint-Jacques River is home to an exceptionally large concentration of car dealerships offering most available makes and models.

Shops at Quartier Dix30.

Sports

Soccer

L'association de soccer de Brossard has been given exclusive authority from the City of Brossard to organize recreational and competitive soccer primarily for youth (ages 4 to 18). Programs are also offered for adults. The Association is affiliated with FIFA via the Canadian and Quebec Provincial soccer federations.

The sport is amongst the most popular in the city given it is quite accessible (i.e. very little equipment required) and the continued increase in popularity of the sport in North America. Consequently, there are more than 2,500 annual registrations of which approximately one third are for the winter season and the rest for the summer season. The summer program is run on the various soccer fields in the city. The winter program is held indoors, at the Bell Sports Complex and at various gyms in the schools within the city boundaries. Notorious footballers from Brossard includes former Canadian national team player Patrice Bernier and ex bundesliga striker Olivier Occean.

The Association also hosts the Brossard Challenge tournament during the first weekend in August every year. The tournament attracts teams from all areas of the province of Quebec. There are also teams from outside Quebec, mainly Ontario.

Ice Hockey

The Bell Sports Complex is a multipurpose sports facility located in Brossard that contains two ice hockey rinks and one indoor soccer pitch. It is used as the official practice facility of the National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens.

Brossard is home to the Brossard Mustangs and the Brossard Flames in the Ligue de Hockey Junior A Rive-Sud.

Figure Skating

Figure skating in Brossard is very popular amongst children of all ages. The Brossard Figure Skating Club (Brossard FSC) is the only organization to provide figure skating lessons in accordance with Skate Canada's standards in the city of Brossard.

Lessons and ice-time are held at the Bell Sports Complex facilities, a facility built for the NHL's Montreal Canadiens as a practice and fitness centre, as well as the Michel-Normandin Arena, named after Michel Normandin, a famous Montreal sports announcer.[22]

Brossard FSC offers training for various groups of age and skill, available to the city's population. Its CanSkate 3-5 program offers weekly beginner lessons for children aged 3–5. The Brossard FSC also administers the Skate Canada program to skaters aged 5 and above in group lessons, semi-private lessons, private lessons, and offers specialized development opportunities and free extra ice-time for more advanced skaters.[23] Finally, every few months, Brossard coordinates a series of tests for its more advanced skaters to have certain skills assessed by certified judges and therefore be able to move-up levels in order to learn and practice more advanced skills.

Brossard FSC is very famous for its annual high-quality Ice Show, which attracts many sponsors and enough spectators to hold four representations of the show each year. This event occurs at the end of the winter season, and is the biggest event of the FSC. All skaters are invited to participate. This grand celebration allows young skaters to show their talent dressed in magnificent costumes designed just for them. The routines are choreographed by the club's Skate Canada certified coaches, to music that fits into a chosen theme. All of this is performed to an elaborate light show with spectacular decor. The 43rd edition of this showcase will be held in April 2014.[24]

One of the club's most famous skaters is Sébastien Britten, he was "the 1995 Canadian national champion. He represented Canada at the 1994 Winter Olympics, where he placed 10th. In 1998, he beat several Olympic and World medallists to win the 1998 World Professional Figure Skating Championships held in Jaca, Spain. Following his retirement from competitive skating [in 1997], he began working as a coach and choreographer".[25]

Baseball

Brossard fields teams in Quebec's Little League Baseball system at various age levels. It hosted the 2004 Canadian Little League Baseball Tournament at Marie Victorin Park.

Softball

City Leagues includes:

  • Chimo, founded in 1979[26]
  • PVB (Petit Vieux de Brossard) which has divisions for men over 45 and for women[27]

Government

Municipal

The mayor of the City of Brossard is Doreen Assaad. There are 10 city councillors in the Brossard City Council.

List of mayors of Brossard[15]
Years in office Mayor
1958–1967 Georges-Henri Brossard
1967–1978 Léon Gravel
1978–1982 Alphonse Lepage
1982–1983 Claude Chevrier
1983–1990 Georgette Lepage
1990–2001 Paul Leduc
January 1, 2002 -
December 31, 2005		 Nicole Carrier
(Brossard borough president in Longueuil)[28]
2006–2009 Jean-Marc Pelletier
2009–2017 Paul Leduc
2017–Present Doreen Assaad
Brossard City Council[29]
District number Sections Councillor
District 1 B,C Christian Gaudette
District 2 B,A Tina Del Vecchio
District 3 A,B Stéphanie Quintal
District 4 P,V Patrick Langlois
District 5 T,S,P Claudio Benedetti
District 6 S Sophie Allard
District 7 R Antoine Assaf
District 8 I,O,R Xixi Lee
District 9 J,L,N,X,Y Michelle Jarnam Hui
District 10 M,N Daniel Lucier

Federal and provincial

The city of Brossard is located in the federal riding of Brossard—Saint-Lambert, and its Member of Parliament is Alexandra Mendès of the Liberal Party of Canada. In the past three elections, the Liberals have carried the riding by wide margins.

In provincial politics, Brossard forms part of the La Pinière riding and its Member of the National Assembly is Gaetan Barrette of the Quebec Liberal Party. The La Pinière riding is heavily Liberal in provincial elections, with their candidates obtaining wide margins against the other major provincial parties. In 2017, Laporte riding was extented and now cover the north-eastern part of the territory.

Infrastructure

Roads

Brossard is serviced by Autoroutes 10 (Autoroute des Cantons-de-l'Est), 15, 20 (Autoroute Jean-Lesage), and 30 (Autoroute de l'Acier), as well as Routes 132 and 134 (Taschereau Boulevard). Autoroute 30 runs along the west side of Brossard. Along the Saint Lawrence River on the east side of the city, Autoroutes 15 and 20 overlap with Route 132; 15 to the south and 20 to the north. At the Champlain Bridge interchange, Autoroutes 15 and 20 overlap 10 and feed into the Champlain Bridge, which crosses over into Montreal. Autoroute 10 also meets with Route 134 at the Taschereau Interchange which runs north south through the heart of Brossard.

Other important roads include Taschereau Boulevard, Rome Boulevard, Milan Boulevard, Matte Boulevard, Pelletier Boulevard, Lapinière Boulevard (known as Victoria Avenue in Saint-Lambert and Greenfield Park), San Francisco-Tisserand-Stravinski Avenues loop, Panama Avenue — Auteuil Avenue, Provencher Boulevard and Chemin des Prairies.

Public transit

The Réseau de transport de Longueuil (RTL) serves much of Brossard's territory as well as the rest of the South Shore. Terminus Brossard-Panama and Brossard-Chevrier Park and Ride incentive parking lots are two of RTL's heavily used bus terminals located in Brossard. From both of these terminals there is a regular bus to Terminus Centre-Ville (Bonaventure Metro Station.)

Brossard is served by three Réseau express métropolitain stations; Panama, Du Quartier and Brossard, thus replacing the A-10 busway on July 31, 2023.[30]

Education

The Saint Lawrence River and the Champlain Bridge.

The Commission scolaire Marie-Victorin operates French-language public schools.

Secondary:

  • École Secondaire Antoine-Brossard
  • École internationale Lucille-Teasdale (formerly École Secondaire Pierre-Brosseau)

Primary:

  • Académie Marie-Laurier
  • École Primaire Charles-Bruneau
  • École Primaire Georges-P.-Vanier
  • École Primaire Guillaume-Vignal
  • École Primaire Marie-Victorin (Brossard)
  • École de la Rose-des-Vents (Brossard)
  • École Primaire Sainte-Claire (Brossard)
  • École Primaire Saint-Laurent
  • École Primaire Samuel-De Champlain (Brossard)
  • École Primaire Tourterelle

The Riverside School Board operates English public schools.

Primary schools:

  • Good Shepherd Elementary School
  • Harold Napper Elementary School

Previously the South Shore Protestant Regional School Board operated Protestant public schools in Brossard.[31][32]

Adult education

  • ACCESS Career Centre
  • CEA Antoine-Brossard

Notable people

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brossard.

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "Banque de noms de lieux du Québec: Reference number 388453". toponymie.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec.
  2. 1 2 "Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire: Brossard". Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
  3. ↑ "Parliament of Canada Federal Riding History: BROSSARD--LA PRAIRIE (Quebec)". Archived from the original on 2011-01-01. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
  4. ↑ Chief Electoral Officer of Québec - 40th General Election Riding Results: LA PINIÉRE
  5. ↑ "Census Profile — Brossard, Ville". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. 2022-02-09. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  6. 1 2 Census Profile, 2021 Census - Brossard, Ville Census subdivision, Quebec and Brossard, Ville Census subdivision, Quebec
  7. ↑ "Bien avant "Brossard"…". Ville de Brossard. 2014-07-11. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  8. ↑ Lacroix, Yvon-André; Séguin, Claire (1984). Brossard de 1958 à 1983: la creation et l'évolution d'une banlieue. Brossard: Ville de Brossard, Service de la bibliothèque municipale. pp. 38–39.
  9. ↑ Lampron, Alexandre (2006-08-22). "Fatima Houda-Pepin interpelle Brossard à reconsidérer sa position" (in French). Le Brossard Éclair. Archived from the original on 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  10. ↑ "Referendums of June 20, 2004". Directeur général des élections du Québec (DGEQ). Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  11. ↑ "Un vent de changement souffle sur Brossard".
  12. ↑ My Spring, My City - Ville de Brossard Archived August 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ (Lacroix & Séguin 1984:92)
  14. ↑ Environment Canada—. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  15. 1 2 Pratt, Michel (2001). "De la balkanisation des villes à leur fusion". Atlas historique: Le XXe siècle (in French). Société historique et culturelle du Marigot. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  16. ↑ Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 census
  17. ↑ (Lacroix & Séguin 1984:28)
  18. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
  19. ↑ "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Brossard, Ville (V) [Census subdivision], Quebec". 9 February 2022.
  20. ↑ "Brossard, V". Ethnic Origin (247), Generation Status (4), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population 15 Years and Over of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 29 November 2017. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  21. ↑ "Brossard, V". Mother Tongue (269), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age (15A) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 100% Data Detailed Mother Tongue (103), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2021 Census - 20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2022-08-17. Retrieved 2022-08-20.
  22. ↑ "Lewiston Evening Journal - Google News Archive Search".
  23. ↑ "Club de Patinage de Brossard - Nos programmes". Archived from the original on 2014-03-02. Retrieved 2014-03-02.
  24. ↑ "CPA Brossard - Page d'Accueil".
  25. ↑ Sébastien Britten
  26. ↑ Ligue de balle-molle Chimo (Chimo Softball League) (in French)
  27. ↑ Ligue de Balle Molle Des P'tits Vieux De Brossard (in French)
  28. ↑ There was no mayor of the city of Brossard from 2002 until the end of 2005 because it was merged into the city of Longueuil and remained a borough during this period. The mayor of Longueuil at the time was Jacques Olivier while Nicole Carrier was in charge of Brossard as the president of the borough.
  29. ↑ "Votre conseil municipal". Ville de Brossard. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  30. ↑ Nerestant, Antoni (July 31, 2023). "Montreal's new REM hit with delays, passengers forced to get off". CBC News. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  31. ↑ Semenak, Susan. "Happy honors grad left prom early to rest up for ill-fated flight to India." The Montreal Gazette. Wednesday June 26, 1985. p. A1. Retrieved on Google News (p. 1/111) on October 22, 2014.
  32. ↑ King, M.J. (Chairperson of the board). "South Shore Protestant Regional School Board" (St. Johns, PQ). The News and Eastern Townships Advocate. Volume 119, No. 5. Thursday December 16, 1965. p. 2. Retrieved from Google News on November 23, 2014.



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