E3 shield
R-1
Manila–Cavite Expressway
Map of expressways in Luzon, with the Manila–Cavite Expressway in orange
Manila–Cavite Expressway.jpg
CAVITEX looking northbound near Zapote, Las Piñas
Route information
Maintained by PEA Tollway Corporation and Cavite Infrastructure Corporation
Length14 km (8.7 mi)
Existed1985–present
Component
highways
RestrictionsNo tricycles and motorcycles below 400cc
Major junctions
North end N61 (Roxas Boulevard) / N194 (NAIA Road) / Seaside Drive in Parañaque
Major intersections
South end N62 (Tirona Highway) / N64 (Antero Soriano Highway) / Covelandia Road in Kawit, Cavite
Location
CountryPhilippines
RegionsCalabarzon and Metro Manila
ProvincesCavite
Major citiesBacoor, Las Piñas, and Parañaque
TownsKawit
Highway system
  • Roads in the Philippines
← E2→ E4

The Manila–Cavite Expressway (more popularly known as CAVITEX[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]), signed as E3 of the Philippine expressway network and R-1 of Metro Manila's arterial road network, is a 14-kilometer-long (8.7 mi) controlled-access highway linking Manila to the southern province of Cavite in the Philippines. At its north end, it feeds into and from Roxas Boulevard in the city of Parañaque in Metro Manila, also part of R-1. At the south end, it splits into two termini, both along the north coast in Kawit, Cavite. The first feeds into the intersection of Tirona Highway and Antero Soriano Highway. The second southern terminus is on the intersection of Tirona Highway, Antero Soriano Highway and Covelandia Road in Kawit, Cavite.

The expressway also serves as a major utility corridor, carrying various high voltage power lines and water pipelines across the densely populated areas of Parañaque and Las Piñas. The final section of the Dasmariñas–Las Piñas Transmission Line and Las Piñas substation of National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) were placed beside the highway. Meralco also has subtransmission lines on tall steel poles placed along the highway, and Maynilad also has pipelines along the route.

CAVITEX is operated and maintained by the Public Estates Authority Tollway Corporation (PEATC), a non-chartered government-owned and controlled corporation (GOCC), a subsidiary of the Public Estates Authority (PEA), a government agency under the Office of the President, and is in a joint venture with the Cavite Infrastructure Corporation, a unit of Metro Pacific Investments Corporation (MPIC).[2]

Route description

The expressway in Parañaque
The expressway's Kawit extension

The Manila–Cavite Expressway follows a mostly curving route on the southwestern shore of Manila Bay, and the Bacoor–Kawit extension is built on reclaimed land near the coastal barangays of Bacoor. The road uses a barrier toll system, which involves toll barriers at entry points and no toll collection at the exit points, except at the Kawit and Parañaque toll plazas. The expressway is a physical extension of Roxas Boulevard. Lane count is usually 4 lanes for the NAIA Road–Bacoor section (the original route of the expressway known as Coastal Road) per direction and 2 lanes at the Bacoor–Kawit segment (known as the Kawit extension) per direction.

The expressway starts at the traffic light intersection with NAIA Road, Roxas Boulevard, and New Seaside Drive in Barangay Tambo. Past the intersection is an eastbound entrance and westbound exit of NAIA Expressway, opened in 2016. The only at-grade intersection of the expressway then comes at its intersection with Pacific Avenue, where southbound motorists are also carried by the Pacific Avenue flyover. An entry point to the northbound from the Kabihasnan area of Parañaque is found before the approach to the Parañaque toll plaza. The expressway widens on approach to the Parañaque toll plaza, where tolls for southbound motorists are collected. After Parañaque toll plaza is a right-in/right-out interchange with the Circumferential Road 5 (C-5) Extension, which is accessible only from the northbound direction. The expressway then enters the province of Cavite and passes Bacoor Exit, the original end of the expressway at Bacoor, where the original alignment involved a curve that was changed to a full interchange with the opening of the Kawit extension. CAVITEX past Bacoor Exit becomes a four-lane dual carriageway on reclaimed land built on the shores of seaside barangays of Bacoor. The expressway widens at approach to the Kawit toll plaza, where the end of the expressway is moved from the opening of the Kawit extension in 2011. The terminus at Kawit is a box intersection with Tirona Highway, Covelandia Road, and Antero Soriano Highway, which is the physical extension of the existing expressway. The end of the expressway at Kawit will accommodate the Cavite end of the under-construction Cavite–Laguna Expressway.

History

Proposed Cavite Boulevard

Daniel Burnham's plan of the Cavite Boulevard from Manila to Cavite

Even before the conception of the expressway, the Cavite Boulevard was planned by Architect Daniel Burnham to connect the city of Manila with the province of Cavite as part of his plan to beautify the city.[3] According to his original concept of the Cavite Boulevard, the bayfront boulevard would be built on reclaimed land from Luneta in Manila to Cavite Navy Yard about 20 miles (32 km) away as it follows the shoreline to Cavite. However, the present-day Roxas Boulevard, a part of this plan, was built up to Parañaque only.

As an untolled road

In the 1970s, traffic congestion was a daily occurrence in the narrow stretch of land in Parañaque and Las Piñas going to nearby provinces, particularly Cavite. The Philippine government proposed a major road network that would link Roxas Boulevard to all other parts of Metro Manila and the Southern Tagalog provinces. This led to the construction of a 6.6-kilometer (4.1 mi), four-lane (two on each side) asphalt reclaimed road from Roxas Boulevard leading to the then-municipalities of Parañaque, Las Piñas, and Bacoor which opened in 1985.[4][5] Originally named as the Manila–Cavite Coastal Road, it was renamed to Aguinaldo Boulevard in 1989.[6]

The road deteriorated so fast that there was a need to upgrade the road and upgrade the same to toll standards. This led to the Manila-Cavite Toll Expressway Project (MCTEP), more popularly known as “Coastal Road”. It is a joint venture project of the Public Estates Authority (now called Philippine Reclamation Authority) and the Malaysian group of Majlis Amanah Rakyat (Mara) and Renong Berhad (Renong).

As an expressway

Bacoor Exit under construction in 2010 as part of the R1 Expressway Extension project

The groundbreaking of the new expressway was held on September 14, 1995. On July 26, 1996, the Toll Operation Agreement between the Republic of the Philippines (acting through the Toll Regulatory Board), Public Estates Authority and UEM-Mara Philippines Corporation was signed. It was under this Agreement that PEA Tollway Corporation (PEATC) was created. Under the Agreement, PEATC is to undertake and perform the obligations of PEA which is principally the Operation and Maintenance of the toll roads or any segment thereof. Commercial operations started on May 24, 1998.[5]

On 2005, the construction of the expressway's 7-kilometer (4.3 mi) extension from Bacoor to Kawit, Cavite, known as the Segment 4 of R1 Expressway Extension, was started;[7] it was inaugurated on April 27, 2011 and formally opened to motorists on May 1.[4] In 2015, the C-5 Road was extended south to connect to the northbound lanes of the expressway in Las Piñas.

On November 14, 2006, an Operations and Maintenance Agreement was signed among the Philippine Reclamation Authority, UEM-Mara Philippines Corporation (UMPC), and the Toll Regulatory Board, giving UMPC participation in the Operations and Maintenance of the expressway.

On December 28, 2016, the access ramps connecting Coastal Road and NAIA Expressway opened to motorists coming from Cavite and Las Piñas for easier access to NAIA Terminals 1, 2, and 3 and vice versa.

The Pacific Avenue flyover, which was planned in 2016, started construction in 2017 and was expected to be complete by March 2018. However, due to difficulties in transporting equipment and the location of the flyover between the north end of the expressway and the Parañaque Toll Plaza, the completion date was moved to August 2018. The flyover eliminated the signalized intersection for vehicles bound for Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard via Pacific Avenue, and improve the traffic situation around the said intersection.

By June 2018, the expressway is being expanded with the construction of additional lanes on the NAIA–Zapote segment.

Future

C-5 connection

CAVITEx–C5 South Link Expressway is a 7.7-kilometer (4.8 mi), six-lane road which will connect C-5 Road from Taguig to CAVITEx.[8] It entails the construction of a 2.2-kilometer-long (1.4 mi) flyover between the C-5 Road in Taguig and the C-5 Road Extension in Pasay (near Merville) over the South Luzon Expressway and Skyway. The second phase includes the completion of the C-5 Road Extension from Merville to Las Piñas and the construction of an interchange with Coastal Road in Parañaque. It is a component of Expressway 2.[9][10]

The construction of the ₱9.5B CAVITEx–C5 South Link project started on May 8, 2016.[11][12] Phase 1 was opened to traffic on July 23, 2019 and completion of the project is expected in 2022.[13][14][15][16]

A proposal to connect the NLEX Harbor Link in Navotas with CAVITEX near Pacific Avenue was revealed by NLEX Corporation to connect NLEX to CAVITEX seamlessly. The expressway will be a 6-lanes elevated expressway (on the majority of the expressway above R-10 and R-1) and built in phases. NLEX is currently proposing the first phase of this expressway, with a length of 5.1 kilometers (3.2 mi) from Navotas Interchange of NLEX Harbor Link on Navotas to Anda Circle in Manila, with the proposed budget between ₱15 billion and ₱16 billion.[17] When this first phase of this expressway is completed, motorists from western Manila will have direct access to NLEX and soon to CAVITEX when the entire expressway is completed.

Segment 5

Metro Pacific Investments Corporation submitted a proposal to the Toll Regulatory Board to extend the expressway from Kawit to Noveleta, as well as an extension further west up to Tanza and north up to Cavite City. The 9.5-kilometer (5.9 mi) extension is estimated to cost ₱22.5 billion.[2][18] A part of the R1 Expressway Extension project that includes the existing Segment 4 (Zapote–Kawit segment),[7] the project proposal also includes a spur road accommodating vehicles from the Cavite Export Processing Zone.[19]

Sangley Point extension

A proposal to extend the expressway from Kawit to Sangley Point Airport in Cavite City was submitted to the Department of Public Works and Highways in 2017 by CAVITEx Holdings, Inc. The proposed project aims to construct a 4.63-kilometer-long (2.88 mi) viaduct.[20] Its cost is yet to be determined as it awaits approval from the government.[21] It is not to be confused with Segment 5.3, which will branch from Noveleta to Cavite City.[19]

Toll

Parañaque Toll Plaza

The expressway features a limited number of interchanges. The original south terminus of the expressway in Bacoor has been converted into a full trumpet interchange. There are two toll barriers on the expressway: the original barrier in Parañaque and the extension barrier in Kawit. The expressway also features a one-way mini toll booth feeding into the expressway from Quirino Avenue, Parañaque. Vehicles are charged a flat toll rate based on vehicle class.

The expressway uses a barrier toll system that uses toll barriers at entry points, where motorists pay a fixed toll rate. The two large toll plazas, such as those found in Parañaque and Kawit, and the Kabihasnan entry are the toll collection points for the expressway. There are no toll collection at the exit points, except at the Kawit and Parañaque toll plazas.[22] PEATC has also incorporated a near-field communication prepaid card it calls E-TAP. The Expressway also now accepts an electronic toll collection (ETC) system called Easytrip RFID, which currently manages ETC for the North Luzon Expressway, Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway, and Cavite–Laguna Expressway.[23] ETC collections are done on both dedicated lanes and mixed lanes at the toll barriers.

Tolls are assessed in each direction at each barrier, based on class. In accordance with law, all toll rates include a 12% value-added tax.[24]

Class Kabihasnan Parañaque
(R-1 Expressway)		 Kawit
(R-1 Expressway Extension)
1 ₱8.00 ₱35.00 ₱73.00
2 — ₱70.00 ₱146.00
3 ₱104.00 ₱219.00

Exits

Exits are numbered by kilometer posts, with Rizal Park in Manila designated as kilometer zero. 

RegionProvinceCity/MunicipalitykmmiExitNameDestinationsNotes
Metro ManilaParañaque85.0MIA Road N61 (Roxas Boulevard) / N194 (NAIA Road) / Seaside Drive – Airport, Manila, Bay CityNorthern terminus; continues north as N61 (Roxas Boulevard)
8.35.2 E6 (NAIAx) – Airport, SkywayNorthbound exit and southbound entrance
8.455.25Caltex service station (southbound only), demolished.
106.2Pacific Avenue Pacific Avenue – PITX, Macapagal BoulevardNorthbound exit and current southbound entry, Flyover Half-T interchange; no right turns from southbound lane. Former traffic light intersection.
138.1KabihasnanTolled northbound entrance
138.1 E2 (C-5 Southlink Expressway)[25]Southlink's R-1 Interchange; under-construction trumpet interchange[26]
138.1Parañaque Toll Plaza
Las Piñas148.7C-5 Road ExtensionNorthbound entrance only.
CalabarzonCaviteBacoor159.3Bacoor (Longos) N62 (Aguinaldo Boulevard) / N411 (Alabang–Zapote Road) – Las Piñas, BacoorTrumpet interchange; former southern terminus (1985–2011)
Kawit2314Kawit Toll Plaza
2415Marulas N62 (Tirona Highway) – Cavite City, NoveletaSouthbound exit only.
2415Binakayan (Zeus) N62 (Tirona Highway) / N64 (Antero Soriano Highway) / Covelandia Road – Binakayan (Kawit), Tanza, Ternate, Maragondon, NasugbuSouthern end of R-1 concurrency, current southern terminus; future link with Cavite–Laguna Expressway
NoveletaCavite CitySegment 5.3; tolled
Noveleta N62 (Manila–Cavite Road)End of Segment 5.1 and start of Segment 5.2
CEPZ Spur Road – CEPZ
RosarioRosarioRosarioVarious alignments under consideration
TanzaTanza Toll Plaza
Tanza N402 (Antero Soriano Highway)Future southern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Notes

  1. ↑ The Manila–Cavite Expressway is also known by its former and alternative names: Coastal Road, Manila–Cavite Coastal Road, R-1 Expressway and Aguinaldo Boulevard. It is also officially known as Manila–Cavite Toll Expressway Project.[1]
  2. ↑ Tagalog pronunciation: [ˈkabitɛks]

References

  1. ↑ "Construction Begins on New Cavitex C5 Link Sections, Project Deal Inked". Cavite Expressway. Parañaque City. July 10, 2020.
  2. 1 2 "MPIC unit eyes P22.5 billion Cavitex extension". The Philippine Star. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  3. ↑ (1910). "Report of the Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War", pg.68. Government Printing Office, Washington.
  4. 1 2 "Land Development". Public Estates Authority. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
  5. 1 2 "Toll Road Projects: CAVITEX". Toll Regulatory Board.
  6. ↑ Republic Act No. 6730 (1989), An Act Naming the Manila-Cavite Coastal Road as the Aguinaldo Boulevard, retrieved May 11, 2021
  7. 1 2 "Manila-Cavite Toll Expressway (including C5 South Link Expressway Project)". Public-Private Partnership Center. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Road and Bridge Inventory". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  9. ↑ "NCR". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  10. ↑ Amojelar, D.G. (February 1, 2017). "FF Cruz to build Cavitex C5 link". The Standard (Philippines). Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  11. ↑ "Section of CAVITEX- C5 Southlink opens". ABS-CBN News. July 23, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  12. ↑ "Taguig-Parañaque section of C5 South Link Expressway opens to motorists July 23". GMA News. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  13. ↑ "Construction Begins on New Cavitex C5 Link Sections, Project Deal Inked". Cavite Expressway. Parañaque City. July 10, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  14. ↑ Garcia, Leandre (July 10, 2020). "New segments of the C5 South Link Expressway set to be completed by 2022". TopGear Philippines. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  15. ↑ Mercurio, Richmond (August 17, 2020). "Proposed Harbor Link extension to push through". The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  16. ↑ "Cavitex extension proposed". Manila Standard. April 12, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  17. 1 2 "Manila-Cavite Toll Expressway Project (MCTEP) Segment 5" (PDF). Environmental Management Bureau. October 2018.
  18. ↑ "MPIC proposes Cavitex-Sangley expressway". Manila Standard. August 6, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  19. ↑ "Cavitex-Sangley Extension | Department of Public Works and Highways". www.dpwh.gov.ph. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  20. ↑ "Cavitex". Toll Regulatory Board. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  21. ↑ "Frequently Asked Question – Cavitex". Easytrip Services Corporation Philippines. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  22. ↑ Francisco, Ruel (August 18, 2023). "New CAVITEX toll rates starting August 21". Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
  23. ↑ "C5 South Link Project". Department of Public Works and Highways. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  24. ↑ Valdez, Denise A. (March 28, 2019). "C5 South Link phase 1 to open in 2nd quarter". Metro Pacific Tollways Corporation. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
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