Canalization may refer to:

• Canalization, the process of introducing weirs and locks to a river so as to secure a defined depth suitable for navigation
• Channelization, the process of modifying a stream so it follows a restricted path
• Canalisation (genetics), a measure of the ability of a genotype to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment
• Canalization (psychology) (canalizing), the form of satisfaction or discharge, the term established by Pierre Janet and Gardner Murphy