Dhamrai ধামরাই
Upazila
Old buildings in Dhamrai
Coordinates: 23°54.5′N 90°13′E / 23.9083°N 90.217°E / 23.9083; 90.217
Country	Bangladesh
Division	Dhaka
District	Dhaka
Area
• Total	307.41 km2 (118.69 sq mi)
Population  (2011)
• Total	412,418
• Density	1,300/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+6 (BST)
Website	Dhamrai Upazila

Dhamrai (Bengali: ধামরাই) is an upazila of Dhaka District in the Division of Dhaka, Bangladesh.It is the biggest upazila in Dhaka district. Dhamrai is the birthplace of many notable persons.

Geography

Dhamrai Upazila is located about 40 kilometers northwest of the capital city of Dhaka. It is one of the five Upazilas of the Dhaka district. The Upazila is surrounded by the Upazilas of Mirzapur and Kaliakair and Nagarpur on the north, Singair on the south, Savar in the east, and Saturia on the west.^[1]

Dhamrai Night Panorama

Dhamrai is located within the coordinates of 90.02 - 90.14E and 23.50 - 24.02E. The total area of Dhamrai Upazila is 307.4 km². It has 94,776 units of households. The Upazila consists of one municipality (Pouroshova), 16 unions, and 398 villages.^[1]

Dhamrai Upazila is composed of the alluvium soil of the Bongshi and Dhaleshwari rivers. Other rivers are Kolmai and Gazikhali.

History

There are two theories on the naming of Dhamrai. The first is that during the time of Ashoka, there was a Buddhist called Dharmarajika and that the area was named after him. The discovery of a Buddhist stupa in Savar, about 10 miles from Dhamrai, lends credence to this opinion. Another theory is that in the early fourteenth century, five companions of the Sufi saint Shah Jalal (Tirmidhi Al-Husayni, Haji, Ghazi, Zam Bahadur, and Shah Makhdum) came and settled in the sparsely populated and heavily forested area. Food supplies ultimately ran short and one day they found a stray cow wandering about which they slaughtered the cattle to eat and satisfy their hunger. After a few days, they were approached by Dhama Gope and his wife Rai Goalini who claimed that the cow was theirs and demanded compensation for it. The Sufis learnt that the couple was childless. It is said that with their blessings a child was born to the couple and also they said that they would name the place so that their names would forever be remembered. Thus the name Dhamrai (Dham+Rai) came about.^[2]

Dhamrai was once under the Thana (now Upazila) of Savar. Dhamrai became a Thana itself in 1914 during the British rule; the same year Dhamrai Hardinge High School was established. In 1947 it was put under the district of Dhaka. On December 15, 1984, Dhamrai was upgraded into a full-fledged Upazila.

Demographics

According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Dhamrai Upazila had 94,776 households and a population of 412,418. 81,402 (19.74%) were under 10 years of age. Dhamrai had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 50.8%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 992 females per 1000 males. 60,802 (14.74%) lived in urban areas.^[3][4]

At the 1991 Bangladesh census, Dhamrai had a population of 312,777.^[5] Males constituted 50.37% of the population, and females constituted 49.63%. The population of citizens 18 years and older was 163,449. Dhamrai had an average literacy rate of 29.5% (7+ years), lower than the national average of 32.4%.^[5] The breakdown of Population is as follows:

• Total Population: 312,777;
• Male: 157,546;
• Female:155,231;
• Density: 1,146/km²;
• Population Growth Rate:1.59;
• Birth Rate: 2.0
• Chapil Total Villager:10,000

Administration

Dhamrai Upazila is divided into Dhamrai Municipality and 16 union parishads: Amta, Baisakanda, Balia, Bhararia, Chauhat, Dhamrai, Gangutia, Jadabpur, Kulla, Kushura, Nannar, Rowail, Sanora, Sombhog, Suapur, and Sutipara. The union parishads are subdivided into 306 mauzas and 396 villages.

Dhamrai Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 44 mahallas.^[6]

Economy

The total cultivable land is 23,470 hectares.^[2] Of the total cultivable land (in hectares):

Guti-Urea plant at SOJAG, Shailan, Dhamrai

Guti urea demonstration plot in Dhamrai

Paddy Thrasher at work

• 1 crop: 2,050
• 2 crop: 14,580
• 3 crop: 6,740
• More than 3 crops: 100
• Intensity of Cultivation: 220.83%

Farmers by Land Occupancy:

• Landless (less than 0.02 hectares): 11,755
• Marginal (0.02 - 0.20 hectares): 10,670
• Middle (1.01 - 3.0 hectares): 5,675
• Big (more than 3.0 hectares): 535

Food Production:

• Total demand (metric tons): 65,209
• Actual production (metric tons): 75,023
• Total Surplus (metric tons): 9,814

Culture

Dhamrai Roth Jatra And Fair: The annual Jagannath Roth Jatra is a famous Hindu festival attracting thousands of people. Dhamrai is well known for this annual festival all throughout Bangladesh. Roth jatra festival begins on around the 10 days of Bangla Calendar month of Ashar and "Ulto Roth" takes place one week after. A month-long Roth Maela (রথ মেলা) is held in Dhamrai for this occasion. This commemorates the annual journey of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balarama, and their sister Subhadra to their aunt's temple. During the festival, devotees help pull the Lords' chariot with ropes. They consider this a pious deed and risk their lives in the huge crowd. The huge processions accompanying the chariots play devotional songs with drums, tambourines, trumpets, etc. Children line the streets through which the chariot will pass and add to the mass chorus. The Roth cart is approximately 45 feet (14 m) high and pulled by the pilgrims who turn up for the event.

Metal Casting: The main center for metal casting in Bangladesh is in Dhamrai. For many generations, this place has produced handmade metal (Bronze)ware for markets throughout Bangladesh, using the lost wax casting (cire perdue) method and hollow casting method^[7] that is over 2,000 years old. These methods are used to make items ranging from ornate Hindu and Buddhist statues to simple household objects such as pitchers (kolshi as is locally called) and also items include quality statues, decanters, bowls, spoons, and plates. Over the past fifty years, many of the families in Bangladesh who have been involved in the metal casting trade have taken on other work. With stiff competition from inexpensive machine-made aluminium and plastic products coming in from India and other countries in the region, the market for hand-cast items has gradually dwindled away. As a result, the tradition of making handmade cast metal objects is in jeopardy. For example, there are only six people left in Bangladesh who are capable of making masterpiece-quality Hindu and Buddhist images using the lost wax method. Twenty years ago, there were over 30 craftsmen who knew this technique. If this trade is someday lost, an important part of Bangladesh's artistic tradition will vanish forever. Dhamrai is also well known for pottery.

NGOs working in Dhamrai:

• SOJAG: Works throughout Dhamrai and adjoining Upazilas of Mirzapur, Shaturia, Kaliakoir, and Singair. The headquarters is at village Shailan under Shombhag Union.
• Grameen Choa: Located at Dhantara Bazar, Dhamrai
• SDI: Located at Dhamrai Bazar, Dhamrai
• ASA: Located at, Dhamrai, Shimulia, Dhantara, Kalampur, Kushura, Kawalipara, Bathuli, Suapur.
• JCF: Located at, Dhamrai, Shimulia, Dhantara, Kalampur, Kushura, Kawalipara, Bathuli, Suapur.

Education

There are 139 Government Primary schools; 16 High Schools; 25 Junior High Schools; 109 schools run by NGOs; 11 Madrasahs, 6 Colleges, and 1 Agriculture College in Dhamrai Upazila.

Dhamrai Hardinge High School

Afazuddin High School, Sharifbagh, Dhamrai

Dhamrai Central Eidgah

Gallery

• 
  Metal work by Dhamrai Artisan
• 
  Dhamrai Roth at Night
• 
  Old style building in Dhamrai
• 
  Dhamrai Police Station
• 
  85-yr old mosque at Shailan
• 
  Majestic old building in Dhamrai
• 
  Borat Nogor at dusk
• 
  South end of Dhamrai Township
• 
  Madhob Mondir, Jatrabari, Dhamrai

See also

• Upazilas of Bangladesh
• Districts of Bangladesh
• Divisions of Bangladesh
• Savar
• Brassware Industry in Bangladesh

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dhamrai Upazila.