The following is a list of jarls and dukes, who ruled over Schleswig respectively Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland).

First jarls/dukes

Houses of Estridsen and Schauenburg (1080–1460)

RulerBornReignDeathHouseConsortNotes
Olaf I Hunger
c.10501080–109518 August 1095EstridsenIngegerd of Norway
c.1070
one child
Jarl (earl) of Jutland, since 1086 king of Denmark.
Eric (I) the Good
c.10501095–110310 July 1103Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Boedil Thurgotsdatter
before 1086
one child
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Nicholas (I)
c.10651103–111525 June 1134Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Margaret Fredkulla
c.1105
two children

Ulvhild Håkansdotter
1130
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Canute I Lavard
12 March 10961115–11317 January 1131EstridsenIngeborg of Kiev
1116
four children
Titled dux Daciae[1] (i.e. Duke of Denmark)
Magnus Ic.11061131–11344 June 1134EstridsenRicheza of Poland
c.1127
two children
Also King of Sweden
Eric (II) the Memorable
c.10901134–113718 September 1137Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Malmfred of Kiev
c.1130
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Eric (III) Lamb
c.11201137–114627 August 1146Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Lutgard of Salzwedel
c.1144
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Sweyn III of Denmark
c.1125 1146–115223 October 1157 Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Adela of Meissen
c.1152
two children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Canute V of Denmark
c.11299 August 1157Helena of Sweden
c.1156
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar I of Denmark
14 January 113112 May 1182Sophia of Minsk
c.1144
Viborg Cathedral
eight children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar I
14 January 11311152–115412 May 1182EstridsenSophia of Minsk
c.1144
Viborg Cathedral
eight children
Between 1152 and 1154, titled dux Daciae[2] (i.e. Duke of Denmark), also king of Denmark.
Sweyn III of Denmark
c.1125 1154–115723 October 1157 Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Adela of Meissen
c.1152
two children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Canute V of Denmark
c.11299 August 1157Helena of Sweden
c.1156
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar I of Denmark
14 January 11311154–117012 May 1182Sophia of Minsk
c.1144
Viborg Cathedral
eight children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Christopher I11501170–11731173Estridsen
Valdemar I of Denmark
14 January 11311173–118212 May 1182Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Sophia of Minsk
c.1144
Viborg Cathedral
eight children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Canute VI of Denmark
c.11631182–118312 November 1202Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Gertrude of Bavaria
February 1177
Lund Cathedral
no children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar II the Victorious
9 May or 28 June 11701183–121628 March 1241EstridsenDagmar of Bohemia
1205
one son

Berengaria of Portugal
1214
four children
titled dux slesvicensis[3] (i.e. Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen (1182–1193), Valdemar II became Danish king in 1202.
Valdemar (III) the Young
c.12091209–121628 November 1231EstridsenEleanor of Portugal
24 June 1229
Ribe Cathedral
one child
Minor duke as co-duke of Valdemar II.
Eric (I) Ploughpenny
c.12161216–12329 August 1250EstridsenJutta of Saxony
17 November 1239
six children
Minor duke as co-duke of Valdemar II.
Abel
c.12181232–125229 June 1252EstridsenMatilda of Holstein
25 April 1237
Schleswig Cathedral
four children
Also king of Denmark from 1250.
Christopher I of Denmark
c.12191252–125429 May 1259Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Margaret Sambiria
1248
five children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar IIIc.12381254–1257c.1257EstridsenUnmarried
Eric I
c.12421257–127227 May 1272EstridsenMargaret of Rugia
1259 or 1260
three children
Margaret Sambiria (regent)
c.12191272–128229 December 1282Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Christopher I of Denmark
1248
five children
Regent of Schleswig-Denmark.
Eric V of Denmark
c.12491282–128322 November 1286Estridsen
Part of Denmark
Agnes of Brandenburg
11 November 1273
Schleswig Cathedral
seven children
Duke-King of Schleswig-Denmark.
Valdemar IVc.12651283–131226 March or 7 July 1312EstridsenElisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg
1287
one child
Eric IIc.12901312–132512 March 1325EstridsenAdelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg
1313
two children
Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (regent)
1292 1325–13261 April 1340In the name of the House of EstridsenSophia of Werle
1315
four children
Regent in name of his nephew, Valdemar V, placed him on Denmark in 1326 and ruled Schleswig himself.
Valdemar V
c.1314c.1364EstridsenRichardis of Schwerin
c.1329?
two children
Under regency of his uncle, in 1326 became king of Denmark.
Gerhard I the Great
12921325–13301 April 1340SchauenburgSophia of Werle
1315
four children
Regent in name of his nephew, Valdemar V, placed him on Denmark in 1326 and ruled Schleswig himself.
Valdemar V
c.13141330–1364c.1364EstridsenRichardis of Schwerin
c.1329?
two children
Henry Ic.13421364–1375August 1375EstridsenKunigunde
no children
Nicholas I
13211375–13868 May 1397SchauenburgElisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1354
one child
Joint rule with his brother. In 1386 abdicated for his nephew Gerhard. Also count of Holstein-Rendsburg.
Henry II of Iron
13171375–13841384SchauenburgMatilda of Lippe
one child

Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
before 1374
four children
Joint rule with his brother. Also count of Holstein-Rendsburg.
Gerhard II
13671384–14045 August 1404SchauenburgCatherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1390
six children
Also count of Holstein-Rendsburg.
Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg (regent)
1385 1404–1413After 1423 SchauenburgGerhard II
1390
six children
Respectively mother and uncle, took the regency in name of Henry III.
Henry III, Count of Schauenburg-Holstein (regent)
c.1372February 1421Unmarried
Henry III13971413–142728 May 1427SchauenburgUnmarriedDied without descendants. Passed the land to his brothers.
Adolphus I
14011427–14594 December 1459SchauenburgMatilda
before 1433
no children

Margareta of Mansfeld
1433
no children
He was the mightiest vassal of Danish crown at his time. Gained royal Danish recognition in 1440. After his death his patrimony is annexed by Denmark.
Gerhard III
14041427–143324 July 1433SchauenburgAgnes of Baden
2 June 1432
Baden
ten children
Co-ruler, also Count of Holstein-Rendsburg as Gerhard VII, younger brother of Adolf VIII, during his lifetime, the claim to dukedom remained disputed by the Danish crown

House of Oldenburg

RulerBornReignDeathPartConsortNotes
Christian I
(Christian 1.)
February 14261460–148121 May 1481SchleswigDorothea of Brandenburg
28 October 1449
Copenhagen
five children
First ruler of Schleswig, which was inherited from Holstein-Rendsburg. Also King of Denmark and of the Kalmar Union.
John I
(Hans)
2 February 14551481–151320 February 1513SchleswigChristina of Saxony
6 September 1478
Copenhagen
five children
Ruled jointly in Schleswig, John and Frederick, brothers, ruled together, and after the death of John, Frederick, kept the co-rulership with his nephew, Christian II. In 1523 the latter was deposed in both Denmark and Schleswig. They were also in succession Kings of Denmark: John 1481–1513, Christian 1513–23, Frederick 1523–33. John and Christian were also Kings of the Kalmar Union.
Frederick I
(Frederik 1.)
7 October 14711490–153320 February 1533SchleswigAnna of Brandenburg
10 April 1502
Stendal
two children

Sophie of Pomerania
9 October 1518
Kiel
six children
Christian II the Tyrant
(Christian 2.)
February 14261513–152321 May 1481SchleswigIsabella of Austria
12 August 1515
Copenhagen
six children
Christian III
(Christian 3.)
12 August 1503 1533–1544 1 January 1559 Schleswig Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg
29 October 1525
Lauenburg
five children
Christian was also King of Denmark. In 1544 divided Schleswig with his half-brothers. John received Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev, and Adolph Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.
1544–1559Schleswig-Schleswig
John II the Elder
21 June 15211544–15801 October 1580Schleswig-Holstein-HaderslevUnmarried
Adolph
25 January 15261544–15861 October 1586Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpChristine of Hesse
17 December 1564
Schleswig
ten children
Haderslev divided between Schleswig and Gottorp
Frederick II
(Frederik 2.)
1 July 15341559–15884 April 1588Schleswig-SchleswigSophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
20 July 1572
Copenhagen
eight children
Also King of Denmark.
Frederick III21 April 15681586–158715 June 1587Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpUnmarriedDied without descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Philip
10 August 15701587–159018 October 1590Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpUnmarriedDied without descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Council of Regency: 1588–1596
Christian IV
(Christian 4.)
12 April 15771596–164828 February 1648Schleswig-SchleswigAnne Catherine of Brandenburg
27 November 1597
Haderslev
seven children

Kirsten Munk
31 December 1615
Copenhagen
(morganatic)
twelve children
Also King of Denmark.
John Adolph
27 February 15751590–161631 March 1616Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpAugusta of Denmark
30 August 1596
Copenhagen
eight children
Frederick IV
22 December 15971616–165910 August 1659Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpMarie Elisabeth of Saxony
21 February 1630
Dresden
sixteen children
Frederick V
(Frederik 3.)
18 March 16091648–16709 February 1670Schleswig-SchleswigSophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1 October 1643
Glücksburg
eight children
Also King of Denmark as Frederick III.
Christian Albert
3 February 16411659–16956 January 1695Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpFrederica Amalia of Denmark
24 October 1667
Glücksburg
four children
Christian V
(Christian 5.)
15 April 16461670–169925 August 1699Schleswig-SchleswigCharlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
25 June 1667
Nykøbing Falster
eight children
Also King of Denmark.
Frederick VI
18 October 16711695–170219 July 1702Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpHedvig Sophia of Sweden
12 May 1698
Karlberg
one child
Frederick VII
(Frederik 4.)
11 October 1671 1699–1713 12 October 1730 Schleswig-Schleswig Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
5 December 1695
Copenhagen
five children

Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg
26 September 1703
(morganatic and bigamous)
one child

Anne Sophie Reventlow
4 April 1721
Copenhagen
three children
Also King of Denmark as Frederick IV. In 1713 reunited Schleswig.
1713–1730Schleswig
Hedvig Sophia of Sweden (regent)
26 June 16811702–170822 December 1708Schleswig-Holstein-GottorpFrederick VI
12 May 1698
Karlberg
one child
Regent on behalf of her son.
Charles Frederick
30 April 17001708–173918 June 1739Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (until 1713)

Holstein-Gottorp (after 1713)
Anna Petrovna of Russia
21 May 1725
St Petersburg
one child
Christian VI
(Christian 6.)
30 November 16991730–17466 August 1746SchleswigSophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
7 August 1721
Pretzsch
three children
Also King of Denmark.
Charles Peter Ulrich
21 February 17281739–176217 July 1762Holstein-GottorpSophie Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
21 August 1745
St Petersburg
one child
He later ascended as Peter III of Russia.
Frederick VIII
(Frederik 5.)
31 March 17231746–176614 January 1766SchleswigLouise of Great Britain
11 December 1743
Altona
five children

Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
8 July 1752
Hillerød
one son
Also King of Denmark as Frederick V.
Paul I
1 October 17541762–177323 March 1801Holstein-GottorpWilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
20 September 1773
St Petersburg
no children

Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
7 October 1776
St Petersburg
ten children
He later ascended as Paul I of Russia.
Gottorp reunited with Schleswig
Christian VII
(Christian 7.)
29 January 1749 1766–1773 13 March 1808 Schleswig Caroline Matilda of Great Britain
8 November 1766
Copenhagen
two children
Also King of Denmark. In 1773 reunited Schleswig and Holstein.
1773–1784Schleswig-Holstein
Frederick IX
(Frederik 6.)
28 January 17681784–1808
(as Regent)

1808–1839
8 December 1839Schleswig-HolsteinMarie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel
31 July 1790
Schleswig
eight children
Also King of Denmark as Frederick VI. He had been regent in name of his father, with mental instability, since 1784.
Christian VIII
(Christian 8.)
18 September 17861839–184820 January 1848Schleswig-HolsteinCharlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
21 June 1806
Ludwigslust
two children

Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
22 May 1815
Augustenborg
no children
Also King of Denmark.
Frederick X
(Frederik 7.)
6 October 18081848–186315 November 1863Schleswig-HolsteinVilhelmine Marie of Denmark
1 November 1828
Copenhagen
(annulled 1837)
no children

Caroline Mariane of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
10 June 1841
Neustrelitz
(annulled 1846)
no children

Louise Rasmussen
7 August 1850
Hillerød
(morganatic)
no children
Also King of Denmark as Frederick VII.
Christian IX
(Christian 9.)
8 April 18181863–186429 January 1906Schleswig-HolsteinLouise of Hesse-Kassel
26 May 1842
Copenhagen
six children
He was from the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg branch of the Oldenburgs. Also King of Denmark. In 1864 the duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia.

In 1864, following the Second Schleswig War, the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein became an occupied territory of the German Confederation and two years later, following the Austro-Prussian War, part of the new Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein.

See also

Notes

  1. Esben Albrectsen, "Das Abel-Geschlecht und die Schauenburger als Herzöge von Schleswig", Marion Hartwig and Frauke Witte (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 52–71, here p. 52. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
  2. "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
  3. "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
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