Émile Eddé
إميل إدّه
Official portrait of Émile Eddé
President of Lebanon
In office
11 November 1943  22 November 1943
Preceded byBechara El Khoury
Succeeded byBechara El Khoury
In office
20 January 1936  4 April 1941
Prime MinisterKhayreddin al-Ahdab
Khaled Chehab
Abdallah Yafi
Abdallah Beyhum
Preceded byHabib Pacha Saad
Succeeded byAlfred Georges Naccache
Prime Minister of Lebanon
In office
11 October 1929  25 March 1930
PresidentCharles Debbas
Preceded byBechara El Khoury
Succeeded byAuguste Adib Pacha
Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon
In office
21 October 1924  13 January 1925
PresidentCharles Debbas
Preceded byNaoum Labaki
Succeeded byMoussa Namour
Personal details
Born
Émile Ibrahim Eddé

5 May 1883
Damascus, Ottoman Syria, Ottoman Empire
Died27 September 1949
Sawfar, Lebanon
CitizenshipOttoman Empire (1883–1918)
Arab Kingdom of Syria (1918–1920)
Greater Lebanon (1920–1943)
Lebanon (1943–1949)
Political partyNational Bloc
Children3, including Raymond
ResidenceAlexandria (1915–1918)
EducationSaint Joseph University
Aix-Marseille University (PhD in law)

Émile Eddé (Arabic: إميل إدّه, romanized: Imīl Iddah; 5 May 1886 – 28 September 1949) was a Lebanese lawyer and politician who served twice as the President of Lebanon.

Early life and education

Émile Eddé was a member of a Maronite Christian family that originated from Beirut which participated in the Lebanese politics mainly during the Ma'anids and Shihabs rule. He was born in Damascus, where his father, Ibrahim Eddé, was working as a translator in the French Consulate. He attended Saint Joseph University, and moved to France to study law in Aix-en-Provence, in 1902, and graduated three years later. Because of his father’s health conditions, he was forced to return to Beirut in 1909, before submitting his doctoral thesis. In 1912, he was appointed as a lawyer for the French Consulate in Beirut.

Before the First World War, he sought to separate Mount Lebanon from the Ottoman Empire, for which he was sentenced to death. However, Edde was able to escape and took refuge in Alexandria. He participated in the establishment of the Eastern Unit in the French Army, which consisted of Lebanese and Syrian volunteers. During this period, he maintained contacts, with the French authorities, via his brother Joseph, residing in France.

Political career

During the period of the French Mandate in which the Republic of Lebanon functioned under the authority of a French High Commissioner, Eddé served as the speaker of the Parliament from October 1924 to January 1925,[1] prime minister of Lebanon from 11 October 1929 to 25 March 1930 and as the president of Lebanon from 1936 to 1941. On 11 November 1943, following the act of the Lebanese legislature in abolishing the Mandate, the High Commissioner installed Eddé as president. Ten days later, however, under pressure from France’s other Allies in World War II, the French removed Eddé from office and restored the government of Bechara El Khoury on 21 November.,[2] and briefly in 1943.[3] He also founded and led the Lebanese National Bloc party. He was succeeded as party leader by his son Raymond Eddé.

References

  1. (in Arabic)Republic of Lebanon – House of Representatives History
  2. James Barr, ‘’A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914-1948’’ (W. W. Norton & Company, 2012) pp. 244–250
  3. "Profiles of Lebanon's presidents since independence". Lebanon Wire. 25 May 2008. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
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