 The Four Shire Stone at the meeting point of Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, and formerly also Worcestershire | |
| 51°59′14.96″N 1°39′56.65″W / 51.9874889°N 1.6657361°W | |
| Material | Stonework |
|---|---|
| Height | 9 feet |
The Four Shire Stone is a boundary marker that marks the place where the four historic English counties of Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, and Worcestershire once met. Since 1931, with a change to the boundaries of Worcestershire, only three of the counties meet at the stone.
Boundary marker
The Four Shire Stone is not a single stone, but a nine-foot high monument, built from the local Cotswold stone. It is in the English midlands at the northern corner of a T junction on the A44 road, a mile and a half east of the small town of Moreton-in-Marsh, at 51°59′15″N 1°39′57″W / 51.98750°N 1.66583°W, grid reference SP2301432023. The existing structure was probably built in the 18th century, and is a grade II listed building.[1] There was an earlier "4 Shire Stone" on or near the site in 1675, almost certainly that illustrated in 1660.[2][3] Thomas Habington's Survey of Worcestershire mentions "the stone which toucheth four sheeres, a thing rarely scene".[4]
Five (formerly seven) civil parishes meet at the stone:[5]
- Moreton-in-Marsh to the west, in Gloucestershire;
- Formerly Batsford to the northwest, also in Gloucestershire, until Batsford/Moreton-in-Marsh boundary change in 1987;[6]
- Formerly Lower Lemington to the north, also in Gloucestershire, and which merged into Batsford in 1935;[7]
- Great Wolford to the north, in Warwickshire;
- Little Compton to the northeast, also in Warwickshire;
- Chastleton to the southeast, in Oxfordshire;
- Evenlode to the south, now also in Gloucestershire; until 1931 it was a detached part of Worcestershire.
Most of Worcestershire is to the north-west of the stone. Thus the order of the four counties around the stone was different from what one might expect from a map of England. The stone ceased to be the meeting-point of four shires in 1931, when Evenlode was transferred to Gloucestershire, so since that date only three counties meet at the stone.[8]
The J. R. R. Tolkien Society claims that the Four Shire Stone inspired the "Three-Farthing Stone" in J. R. R. Tolkien's book The Lord of the Rings. In that work, the Shire, the homeland of the hobbits is divided into four farthings, three of which meet at the "Three-Farthing Stone".[9][10]
Detail from Wenceslaus Hollar, An Orthographical Designe of Several Views Upon Ye Road, in England and Wales, 1660.[11]
Detail of map from Philips' New handy general Atlas, 1921, showing four counties meeting at the Four Shire Stone. Worcestershire is shown in yellow, Warwickshire in green, Oxfordshire in violet[lower-alpha 1] and Gloucestershire in pink.
2022 restoration
The failing state of this unique bit of local history inspired James Hayman-Joyce, a local, semi-retired chartered surveyor, to do what he could to restore it. He formed the Four Shire Stone Restoration Committee with the aim of raising £20,000 to restore the Four Shire Stone to its former glory. The project comprises restoring and repairing the stonework, replacing the railings and enhancing the engravings on all four sides of the pillar.[12]
See also
- Quadripoint
- Three Shires Oak, marking the meeting point of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire
- No Man's Heath, Warwickshire, meeting point of Leicestershire, Warwickshire, and Staffordshire
- Dow Bridge, meeting point of Warwickshire, Northamptonshire and Leicestershire
Notes
- ↑ Because of an error in the printing, the salient of Oxfordshire that extends to the stone appears in mauve rather than the violet of the rest of Oxfordshire.
References
- ↑ "Four Shire Stone, British Listed Buildings". Retrieved 8 May 2018.
- ↑ Ogilby, John (1675). Britannia Atlas. Richard Nicholson of Chester, map dealer. p. Plate 44. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ↑ Library, British (24 August 2020), The BL King's Topographical Collection: "An Orthographical Designe of Several Views Upon Ye Road, in England and Wales. ", retrieved 7 March 2021
- ↑ Abingdon, Thomas (1897). "Evenlode". In Amphlett, John (ed.). A survey of Worcestershire. Vol. 2 Pt.2. Oxford: James Parker for the Worcestershire Historical Society. p. 68.
- ↑ "Gloucestershire". Ordnance Survey Miscellaneous Boundary Maps. Vision of Britain. 1967. Retrieved 3 May 2018.; "Oxfordshire". Ordnance Survey Miscellaneous Boundary Maps. Vision of Britain. 1966. Retrieved 3 May 2018.; "Warwickshire". Ordnance Survey Maps of England and Wales. Vision of Britain. 1900. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ↑ "The Cotswold (Parishes) Order 1986" (PDF).
- ↑ "Gloucestershire". Ordnance Survey Sanitary Districts, showing Civil Parishes. Vision of Britain. 1888. Retrieved 3 May 2018.; Elrington, C. R., ed. (1965). "Parishes: Lower Lemington". Gloucester. Victoria County History. Vol. 6. London: British History Online. pp. 216–220. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- ↑ "The Four Shire Stone Moreton-in-Marsh". Retrieved 12 August 2013.
- ↑ "Moreton-in-Marsh Tourist Information and Travel Guide". cotswolds.info. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
- ↑ Hooker, Mark T. (2009). The Hobbitonian Anthology. Llyfrawr. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-1448617012.
- ↑ British Library (24 August 2020), The BL King's Topographical Collection: "An Orthographical Designe of Several Views Upon Ye Road, in England and Wales", retrieved 7 March 2021
- ↑ "Four Shire Stone Restoration Project". Retrieved 6 April 2022.
