The Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy (Romanian: Frontul Democrației și Unității Socialiste, FDUS) was a political alliance in Romania from 1968 to 1989, dominated by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR). It was de facto the only legally permitted political organization in the country for the last two decades of Communist rule.

History

The alliance was formed in 1968 as the Front of Socialist Unity (Frontul Unității Socialiste, FUS), and renamed the Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy in 1980.[1] It brought together all legal political parties in the country,[2][3] replacing the People's Democratic Front. Like its predecessor, it was organised and directed by the PCR. The minor parties in the front were completely subservient to the PCR, and had to accept its "leading role" as a condition of their continued existence.[4] No prospective candidate could run for office without the Front's approval, which in effect allowed the Front and, through it, the PCR to predetermine the composition of the legislature. Nicolae Ceaușescu, who served as general secretary of the PCR and President of Romania, was also the chairman of the Front.[1]

Voters were presented with a single list of FUS/FDUS candidates in every election between 1969 and 1985, with the option to choose all or part of the list or reject it entirely. The Front therefore won all seats in the Great National Assembly in every election, claiming to have received at least 97 percent each time.[4] Each time, fewer than 400,000 people either rejected the list outright, spoiled their papers, or cast blank ballots.

After the Constitution was amended to create an executive presidency, the FDUS recommended the presidential candidate in tandem with the Communist Party's Central Committee.[5]

Election results

Great National Assembly

Election Votes % Seats +/– Position
1969 13,543,499 99.8
465 / 465
 Steady 1st
1975 14,715,539 98.8
349 / 349
 Decrease 116 Steady 1st
1980 15,398,443 98.5
369 / 369
 Increase 20 Steady 1st
1985 15,375,522 97.7
369 / 369
 Steady Steady 1st

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Electoral system. Romania: A country study. Library of Congress Federal Research Division, December 1989.
  2. ↑ Romania: Elections held in 1975 IPU
  3. ↑ Romania: Elections held in 1980 IPU
  4. 1 2 Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1604–1605 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  5. ↑ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Sergiu Verona (July 1989). "Government and Politics". In Bachman, Ronald D (ed.). Romania: a country study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. LCCN 90006449.
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