Fukushima (written: 福島) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Chisato Fukushima (福島 千里, born 1988), Japanese sprinter
• Haruka Fukushima (フクシマ ハルカ), Japanese manga artist
• Jun Fukushima (福島 潤, born 1976), Japanese voice actor
• Keido Fukushima (福島 慶道, 1933–2011), Japanese Zen Buddhist
• Koji Fukushima (福島 康司, born 1973), Japanese cyclist
• Kunihiko Fukushima, Japanese computer scientist
• Masami Fukushima (福島 正実, 1929–1976), Japanese science fiction editor, translator and writer
• Fukushima Masanori (福島 正則, 1561–1624), Japanese daimyō
• Kikujirō Fukushima (福島 菊次郎, 1921–2015), Japanese photojournalist
• Mizuho Fukushima (福島 瑞穂, born 1955), Japanese politician, chairperson of Social Democratic Party
• Rila Fukushima (福島 リラ), Japanese fashion model and actress
• Shigeo Fukushima (福島 滋雄, born 1943), Japanese swimmer
• Shinichi Fukushima (福島 晋一, born 1971), Japanese cyclist
• Tadashi Fukushima (福島 正, born 1964), Japanese long-distance runner
• Takanori Fukushima (福島 孝徳, born 1942), Japanese neurosurgeon
• Fukushima Yasumasa (福島 安正, 1852–1919), Japanese general
• Yuki Fukushima (福島 由紀, born 1993), Japanese badminton player
• Yumiko Fukushima (福島 弓子), former Japanese announcer, wife of Ichiro Suzuki