Fulbright–Hays Act of 1961

Long title	An Act to provide for the improvement and strengthening of the international relations of the United States by promoting better mutual understanding among the peoples of the world through educational and cultural exchanges.
Acronyms (colloquial)	MECEA
Nicknames	Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961
Enacted by	the 87th United States Congress
Effective	September 21, 1961
Citations
Public law	87–256
Statutes at Large	75 Stat. 527
Codification
Titles amended	22 U.S.C.: Foreign Relations and Intercourse
U.S.C. sections amended	22 U.S.C. ch. 33 § 2451 et seq.
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 8666 by Wayne Hays (D–OH) on August 31, 1961 Committee consideration by House Foreign Affairs, Senate Foreign Relations Passed the Senate on July 14, 1961 (79-5, in lieu of S. 1154) Passed the House on September 6, 1961 (329-66) Reported by the joint conference committee on September 15, 1961; agreed to by the Senate on September 15, 1961 (Agreed) and by the House on September 16, 1961 (Agreed) Signed into law by President John F. Kennedy on September 21, 1961 [1]

The Fulbright–Hays Act of 1961 is officially known as the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 87–256, 75 Stat. 527). It was marshalled by United States Senator J. William Fulbright (D-AR) and passed by the 87th United States Congress on September 16, 1961, the same month the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and Peace Corps Act of 1961 were enacted.

The legislation was enacted into law by the president John F. Kennedy on September 21, 1961.^[2]

Purpose

As the preamble of the Fulbright–Hays Act of 1961 states:

The purpose of this chapter is to enable the Government of the United States to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries by means of educational and cultural exchange; to strengthen the ties which unite us with other nations by demonstrating the educational and cultural interests, developments, and achievements of the people of the United States and other nations, and the contributions being made toward a peaceful and more fruitful life for people throughout the world; to promote international cooperation for educational and cultural advancement; and thus to assist in the development of friendly, sympathetic, and peaceful relations between the United States and the other countries of the world.^[3]

See also

References

Articles & Informational Resources

• Allen, Edward D. (December 1957). "Why Not Student Exchanges at the High School Level?". The French Review. American Association of Teachers of French. 31 (2): 136–140. JSTOR 383541.
• "U.S. Government Exchange Programs Are Not Being Coordinated in Japan and India" [GAO/ID-81-41 Report]. U.S. GAO: Office of Public Affairs. U.S. Government Accountability Office. March 30, 1981.
• "Exchange Programs: Observations on International Educational, Cultural, and Training Exchange Programs" [GAO/T-NSIAD-93-7 Report]. U.S. GAO: Office of Public Affairs. U.S. Government Accountability Office. March 23, 1993.
• "Exchange Programs: Inventory of International Educational, Cultural, and Training Programs" [GAO/NSIAD-93-157BR Report]. U.S. GAO: Office of Public Affairs. U.S. Government Accountability Office. June 23, 1993.
• Bu, Liping (December 1999). "Educational Exchange and Cultural Diplomacy in the Cold War". Journal of American Studies. Cambridge University Press. 33 (3): 393–415. doi:10.1017/S0021875899006167.
• Füssl, Karl-Heinz (2004). Between Elitism and Educational Reform - German-American Exchange Programs, 1945-1970. The United States and Germany in the Era of the Cold War, 1945–1990: A Handbook. Cambridge University Press. pp. 409–416. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139052436.048.
• Snow, Nancy (March 2008). "International Exchanges and the U.S. Image". American Academy of Political and Social Science. SAGE Publications. 616 (1): 198–222. doi:10.1177/0002716207311864.
• Risso, L. (February 2010). "The Cold War and the United States Information Agency: American Propaganda and Public Diplomacy, 1945–1989". The English Historical Review. Oxford University Press. 125 (512): 246–248. doi:10.1093/ehr/cep373.
• Lebovic, Sam (April 2013). "From War Junk to Educational Exchange: The World War II Origins of the Fulbright Program and the Foundations of American Cultural Globalism, 1945-1950". Diplomatic History. Oxford University Press. 37 (2): 280–312. doi:10.1093/dh/dht002. JSTOR 44254519.
• Scribner, Campbell F. (November 2017). "American Teenagers, Educational Exchange, and Cold War Politics". History of Education Quarterly. History of Education Society. 57 (4): 542–569. doi:10.1017/heq.2017.31.

Narrations of John F. Kennedy regarding Governance of U.S. Educational Exchange Programs

United States Congressional Authorizations and Declarations

External links

• "Title 22: Chapter 33 ~ Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Program" (PDF). Office of Post-Secondary Education ~ Fulbright-Hays Programs. U.S. Department of Education.
• "The United States at the Brussels Universal and International Exhibition 1958" [A Report to the President of the Unlted States from the United States Commissioner General Howard S. Cullman] (PDF). U.S. Department of State. May 30, 1959. OCLC 39661089 – via Expo 58.
• "Brussels World's Fair, 1958/03/17". Internet Archive. Universal Studios. March 17, 1958.
• Fulbright Program at the Wayback Machine (archived 26 June 2008)
• "Fulbright Program: 40 And Still 'Pretentious'". The New York Times. June 26, 1986.
• "United States Exchange Programs". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. U.S. Department of State.