Georg Stiernhielm, painting from 1663 by David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl.

Georg Stiernhielm (August 7, 1598 – April 22, 1672) was a Swedish civil servant, mathematician, linguist and poet.

Life

Stiernhielm was born on the family estate Gammelgården in the village Svartskär in Vika parish in Dalarna where his father, Olof Markvardsson, of the noble mining family Stierna, was a miner and bailiff. The surname Stiernhielm, literally "Star Helmet", was taken in later life when he was raised into the Swedish nobility. He grew up in the Bergslagen region where his father worked with the mining industry. Stiernhielm received his first schooling at Västerås, but he was also educated in Germany and the Netherlands.

In 1636 he obtained the Vasula manor near Tartu, Estonia and lived there until 1656, when he moved due to war with Russia back to Stockholm. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in December 1669.[1]

Works

He was a pioneer of linguistics, and even if many of his conclusions later proved wrong they were accepted by his contemporaries. Stiernhielm tried to prove that Gothic, which he equated with Old Norse was the origin of all languages, and that the Nordic countries were vagina gentium, the human birthplace.

His most famous work is "Hercules", an epic poem in hexameter, about how Hercules in his youth is being tempted by Fru Lusta ("Mrs. Lust") and her daughters to choose an immoral lifestyle for his future. The allegory, known as Hercules at the crossroads, can be traced back to the Athenian sophist Prodicus of Ceos, as preserved in Xenophon.

Stiernhielm was the first Swedish poet to apply the verse meters of antique poets to the Swedish language, modifying their principle of long and short syllables to a principle of stressed and unstressed syllables, which better suits the phonology of Swedish, using ideas first developed by Martin Opitz and later theoretically applied to Swedish by Andreas Arvidi. This made him known as "the father of Swedish poetry". His Musæ Suethizantes of 1668 is held to be the first important Swedish book of poetry.[2]

References

  1. ↑ "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 2010-10-22.
  2. ↑ "Sweden". The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2013-12-12.
  • Eskhult, Josef (2023). Georg Stiernhielm. Linguistic works, volume 1. Phonology, morphology, semiotics, sound symbolism and transformational grammar and semantics. Unpublished manuscripts edited with introduction by Josef Eskhult. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet, Studia Latina Upsaliensia, ISBN 978-91-513-1103-6.
  • Eskhult, Josef (2023). Georg Stiernhielm. Linguistic works, volume 2. Etymology, historical and comparative language studies and programme for the renewal of the Swedish language. Unpublished manuscripts and early prints edited with introduction, translation of De linguarum origine praefatio, and reception studies by Josef Eskhult. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet, Studia Latina Upsaliensia, ISBN 978-91-513-1104-3.
  • Olsson, Bernt (1974). Den svenska skaldekonstens fader och andra Stiernhielmsstudier. Skrifter / utgivna av Vetenskapssocieteten i Lund, 0347-1772 ; 69. Lund: CWK Gleerup. Libris 7270280. ISBN 91-40-03349-X
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