John Abizaid
United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia
In office
June 16, 2019 – January 20, 2021
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byJoseph W. Westphal
Succeeded byMartina Strong (acting)
8th Commander of the United States Central Command
In office
July 7, 2003 – March 16, 2007
PresidentGeorge W. Bush
Preceded byTommy Franks
Succeeded byWilliam J. Fallon
Personal details
Born (1951-04-01) April 1, 1951
Redwood City, California, U.S.
Children3, including Christine
EducationUnited States Military Academy (BS)
Harvard University (MA)
Military service
AllegianceUnited States
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of service1973–2007
RankGeneral
CommandsUnited States Central Command
United States Military Academy
1st Infantry Division
504th Parachute Infantry Regiment
3rd Battalion, 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment
Battles/warsGrenada War
Gulf War
Bosnian War
Kosovo War
War in Afghanistan
Iraq War
AwardsDefense Distinguished Service Medal (3)
Army Distinguished Service Medal
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit (6)
Bronze Star Medal
Officer of the Order of Australia

John Philip Abizaid (born April 1, 1951) is a retired United States Army general and former United States Central Command (CENTCOM) commander who served as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 2019 to 2021.

In 2007, Abizaid retired after 34 years of service.[1] As of 2007, Abizaid is employed as a fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.[2] He assumed the Distinguished Chair of the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point in December 2007. Abizaid was appointed to the board of directors of RPM International on January 24, 2008, and also sits on the board of directors of the Defense Ventures Group.[3] In 2008, he was selected as a Montgomery Fellow at Dartmouth College.[4]

On November 13, 2018, he was nominated as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia.[5] He was confirmed by the United States Senate as ambassador on April 10, 2019, and sworn in on April 30, 2019.[6] Abizaid formally presented his credentials to King Salman on June 16, 2019.[7] He resigned on January 20, 2021.[8] He now serves as senior advisor at Albright Stonebridge Group.[9]

Early life and education

A Lebanese American, Abizaid was born in northern California in 1951, and raised in Coleville, California. Abizaid was a 1969 graduate of Coleville High School. His grandparents had immigrated to California from Lebanon during the late 19th century.[10] He was raised Roman Catholic.[10] His father, a Navy machinist in World War II, raised him after Abizaid's mother died of cancer.[10]

Abizaid's military education includes the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York (Class of 1973); Infantry Officer Basic and Advanced courses, Armed Forces Staff College, and a U.S. Army War College Senior Fellowship at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

In his civilian studies, he earned a Master of Arts degree in Middle Eastern studies at Harvard University, and was an Olmsted Scholar at the University of Jordan in Amman, Jordan. Abizaid greatly impressed his teachers at Harvard University. Nadav Safran, the director of the Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies kept Abizaid's 100-page paper on defense policy for Saudi Arabia, the only paper of a master's student he has kept, saying, "It was absolutely the best seminar paper I ever got in my 30-plus years at Harvard."[11]

Career

Abizaid in 2003
General Abizaid accepts the CENTCOM command guidon from Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on July 7, 2003.
Abizaid with President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld in the Oval Office in May 2004.

Abizaid was commissioned a second lieutenant of infantry upon graduation from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, Class of June 1973. He started his career with the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, where he served as a rifle and scout platoon leader. He commanded companies in the 2nd and 1st Ranger Battalions, leading a Ranger Rifle Company during the invasion of Grenada. In 1983, he jumped from an MC-130 onto a landing strip in Grenada and ordered one of his Rangers to drive a bulldozer like a tank toward Cuban troops as he advanced behind it—a move highlighted in the 1986 Clint Eastwood film, Heartbreak Ridge.

Abizaid commanded the 3rd Battalion, 325th Airborne Regiment combat Team in Vicenza, Italy, during the Persian Gulf War and deployed with the battalion in Northern Iraq to provide a safe haven for the Kurds.

His brigade command was the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the 82nd Airborne Division. He served as the Assistant Division Commander, 1st Armored Division, in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Following that tour, he served as the 66th Commandant at the United States Military Academy at West Point. At West Point, he reined in hazing rituals and revamped the curriculum. Later, he took command of the 1st Infantry Division, the "Big Red One," in Würzburg, Germany, from David L. Grange, which provided the first U.S. ground forces into Kosovo. He served as the Deputy Commander (Forward), Combined Forces Command, U.S. Central Command during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Staff assignments include a tour with the United Nations as Operations Officer (G-3) for Observer Group Lebanon and a tour in the Office of the Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. European staff tours include assignments in both the Southern European Task Force and Headquarters, U.S. Army Europe. Abizaid also served as Executive Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Director of Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5) on the Joint Staff and Director of the Joint Staff.

Following the Iraq War and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, he assumed command of Central Command from General Tommy Franks.

Abizaid is sworn in as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo in 2019.

On December 20, 2006, it was announced that Abizaid would step down from his position and retire in March 2007. He had planned to retire earlier, but stayed at the urging of Donald Rumsfeld.[12] On March 16, 2007, Abizaid transferred command to Admiral William J. Fallon, after serving longer as commander of U.S. Central Command than any of his predecessors.

On September 8, 2016, Abizaid was appointed advisor to Ukrainian Defense Minister Stepan Poltorak by Secretary of Defense Ash Carter.[13]

On November 13, 2018, he was nominated as the U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia.[14] He was confirmed by the United States Senate as ambassador on April 10, 2019, and sworn in on April 30, 2019.[6] Abizaid formally presented his credentials to King Salman on June 16, 2019.[15]

Personal life

Abizaid is married[10] and has three children, including Christine Abizaid.[10] He learned Arabic in the military.[10]

Global War on Terrorism speech

In November 2005, Abizaid gave a speech on the Global War on Terrorism at the Naval War College.[16]

2006–2007 comments on Iraq

Abizaid and Tom Ridge speak with Pavel Tkachuk in 2016.

On August 3, 2006, Abizaid, in testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, said the following about the situation on the ground in Iraq: "I believe that the sectarian violence is probably as bad as I've seen it, in Baghdad in particular, and that if not stopped, it is possible that Iraq could move towards civil war." He also testified, "I'm optimistic that that slide [toward civil war] can be prevented".[17]

Bob Woodward on Abizaid and Murtha

Abizaid briefs the press on the findings of the Dover Port Mortuary Independent Review in the Pentagon in 2012.

In State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III (as excerpted in Newsweek magazine), Bob Woodward of The Washington Post wrote that on March 16, 2006, Abizaid was in Washington to testify before the Senate Armed Services Committee. "He painted a careful but upbeat picture of the situation in Iraq." Subsequently, "he went over to see Congressman John Murtha (D-Pa), the 73-year old veteran Marine who had introduced a resolution the previous November calling for the redeployment of troops from Iraq as soon as practicable." Abizaid said he wanted to speak frankly, and "according to Murtha, Abizaid raised his hand for emphasis and held his thumb and forefinger a quarter of an inch from each other and said, "We're that far apart."

On October 1, 2006, an interview of Woodward by CBS reporter Mike Wallace was broadcast on the television show 60 Minutes. Wallace mentioned the Murtha-Abizaid conversation. Wallace asked Woodward to confirm that Murtha had told him of this tale of meeting with Abizaid; Woodward nodded his head in assent and said yes.[18]

Iran's nuclear program

In remarks at the Center for Strategic and International Studies reported on September 17, 2007, Abizaid stated, "We need to press the international community as hard as we possibly can, and the Iranians, to cease and desist on the development of a nuclear weapon and we should not preclude any option that we may have to deal with it." He also said, "I believe that we have the power to deter Iran, should it become nuclear."

"There are ways to live with a nuclear Iran," Abizaid said, "Let's face it, we lived with a nuclear Soviet Union, we've lived with a nuclear China, and we're living with (other) nuclear powers as well."[19]

Awards and decorations

Abizaid has been decorated for service, to include:[20][21][22]

 
Silver oak leaf cluster
Arrowhead
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
  
Badge Combat Infantryman Badge
Badge Master Parachutist Badge
with 1 combat jump star
Badge German Parachutist Badge
(bronze)
1st row Defense Distinguished Service Medal
with 2 bronze Oak leaf clusters		 Distinguished Service Medal
2nd row Defense Superior Service Medal Legion of Merit
with 1 silver Oak leaf cluster		 Bronze Star Defense Meritorious Service Medal
3rd row Meritorious Service Medal
with 3 bronze Oak leaf clusters		 Army Commendation Medal
with 2 bronze Oak leaf clusters		 Army Achievement Medal National Defense Service Medal
with 2 bronze Service stars
4th row Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
with Arrowhead Device and 1 bronze Campaign star		 Southwest Asia Service Medal
with 1 bronze Campaign star		 Kosovo Campaign Medal
with 1 bronze Campaign star		 Armed Forces Service Medal
5th row Humanitarian Service Medal Army Service Ribbon Army Overseas Service Ribbon United Nations Medal
for UNTSO
6th row NATO Medal
for ex-Yugoslavia		 Order of Australia
(Military Division)		 German Bundeswehr Cross of Honour
in gold		 Kuwait Liberation Medal
(Kuwait)
Badges Ranger Tab 75th Ranger Regiment
Combat Service Identification Badge
Badges Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge United States Army Staff Identification Badge
Unit awards Joint Meritorious Unit Award Valorous Unit Award Superior Unit Award

International decorations

References

  1. ↑ Jim Tice (May 2, 2007). "Former CentCom chief retires". Army Times. Retrieved May 2, 2007.
  2. ↑ "Stanford welcomes back retired Army general, political scientist". Stanford Report. May 10, 2007. Archived from the original on June 21, 2007. Retrieved June 15, 2007.
  3. ↑ "Spratt to tour Defense Venture Group facility in Lancaster | News Talk 94.3 WRHI". August 23, 2010. Archived from the original on September 2, 2010. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
  4. ↑ "Dartmouth News - Retired U.S. General John Abizaid to Discuss, "The United States and the Middle East: Strategic Choices for the Way Ahead," October 14 as a Montgomery Fellow - 10/10/08". Archived from the original on October 16, 2008. Retrieved October 21, 2008.
  5. ↑ "Trump names retired general John Abizaid to be ambassador to Saudi Arabia". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  6. 1 2 Byrnes, Jesse (April 10, 2019). "Senate confirms Trump's pick for ambassador to Saudi Arabia". TheHill.
  7. ↑ "US Ambassador John Abizaid, Indian Ambassador Dr. Ausaf Sayeed join other envoys in presenting their credentials to King Salman in Jeddah this morning". Al-Bilad English. June 16, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  8. ↑ "Message for U.S. Citizens: A Farewell Message from U.S. Ambassador John Abizaid to the American Citizen Community in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Saudi Arabia. January 20, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  9. ↑ "News | Albright Stonebridge Group". www.albrightstonebridge.com. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 de la Garza, Paul (September 3, 2006). "In search of ground truth". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on June 19, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
  11. ↑ Barnard, Anne; Swidey, Neil (March 27, 2003). "U.S. Commander's Background Considered a Strength in War with Iraq". The Boston Globe.
  12. ↑ Spiegel, Peter (December 20, 2006). "Top general in Mideast to retire". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 6, 2007. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
  13. ↑ Burns, Robert (September 8, 2016). "Retired Gen. Abizaid to advise Ukraine's defense minister". Military Times. Archived from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Trump names retired general John Abizaid to be ambassador to Saudi Arabia". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  15. ↑ "US Ambassador John Abizaid, Indian Ambassador Dr. Ausaf Sayeed join other envoys in presenting their credentials to King Salman in Jeddah this morning". Al-Bilad English. June 16, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  16. ↑ "Notes From a Student at the Naval War College on Army Gen. Abizaid's Recent Speech" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 11, 2005.
  17. ↑ Shanker, Thom (August 4, 2006). "U.S. General Says Iraq Could Slide Into a Civil War". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
  18. ↑ Bob Woodward, Mike Wallace (October 1, 2006). Bob Woodward: State of Denial. 60 Minutes (TV-Series). Archived from the original on February 19, 2007.
  19. ↑ Abizaid: World could abide nuclear Iran Yahoo News, by Robert Burns Mon Sep 17,
  20. ↑ "Dartmouth 2009 Honorary Degree Recipient John P. Abizaid (Doctor of Laws)". Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
  21. ↑ "USIS Advisory Board members bio". Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
  22. ↑ "Guest speaker Gen John P. Abizaid". Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
  23. ↑ "Appointed an Honorary Officer (AO) in the Military Division of the Order of Australia". Archived from the original on July 6, 2011.

Further reading

  • Cloud, David; Greg Jaffe (2009). The Fourth Star: Four Generals and the Epic Struggle for the Future of the United States Army. Random House.
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