Germanium tetrafluoride
Names
IUPAC names
Germanium tetrafluoride
Tetrafluorogermane
Tetrafluoridogermanium
Other names
Germanium(IV) fluoride
Germanium fluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.101
EC Number
  • 232-011-3
UNII
  • InChI=1S/F4Ge/c1-5(2,3)4 checkY
    Key: PPMWWXLUCOODDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • F[Ge](F)(F)F
Properties[1]
GeF4
Molar mass 148.634 g/mol
Appearance colourless gas
Density 6.074 g/L (gas), 2.46 g/mL (liquid)[2]
Melting point −15 °C (5 °F; 258 K) at 4 bar
Boiling point −36.5 °C (−33.7 °F; 236.7 K) sublimates
−50.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
tetrahedral
Thermochemistry
-8.008 kJ/g
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Reacts with water to form HF, corrosive
GHS labelling:
GHS04: Compressed GasGHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H280, H314, H331, H372
P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P314, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
3
0
2
W
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
 Germanium tetrachloride
Germanium tetrabromide
Germanium tetraiodide
Other cations
 Carbon tetrafluoride
Silicon tetrafluoride
Tin tetrafluoride
Lead tetrafluoride
Related compounds
 Germanium difluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Germanium tetrafluoride (GeF4) is a chemical compound of germanium and fluorine. It is a colorless gas.

Synthesis

Germanium tetrafluoride is formed by treating germanium with fluorine:

Ge + 2 F2 → GeF4

Alternatively germanium dioxide combines with hydrofluoric acid (HF):[3]

GeO2 + 4 HF → GeF4 + 2 H2O

It is also formed during the thermal decomposition of a complex salt, Ba[GeF6]:[4]

Ba(GeF6) → GeF4 + BaF2

Properties

Germanium tetrafluoride is a noncombustible, strongly fuming gas with a garlic-like odor. It reacts with water to form hydrofluoric acid and germanium dioxide. Decomposition occurs above 1000 °C.[5]

Reaction of GeF4 with fluoride sources produces GeF5− anions with octahedral coordination around Ge atom due to polymerization.[6] The structural characterization of a discrete trigonal bipyramidal GeF5− anion was achieved by a "naked" fluoride reagent 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium fluoride.[7]

Uses

In combination with disilane, germanium tetrafluoride is used for in the synthesis of SiGe.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. p. 4.64. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. 1 2 Germanium(IV) fluoride. sigmaaldrich.com
  3. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 376–377. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  4. ↑ Georg Brauer: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie
  5. ↑ Germaniumtetrafluorid. IFA Database
  6. ↑ Mallouk, T. E.; Desbat, B.; Bartlett, N. (1984). "Structural Studies of salts of cis and trans μ-Fluoro-Bridged Polymers of Pentafluorogermanate(1-) and of the Pentafluorogermanate(1-) Monomer". Inorganic Chemistry. 23 (20): 3160-3166. doi:10.1021/ic00188a027.
  7. ↑ Alič, B.; Tramšek, M.; Kokalj, A.; Tavčar, G. (2017). "Discrete GeF5– Anion Structurally Characterized with a Readily Synthesized Imidazolium Based Naked Fluoride Reagent". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (16): 10070–10077. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01606. PMID 28792216.
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