The southern part of the Iberian peninsula was under Islamic rule for seven hundred years. In medieval history, "al-Andalus" (Arabic: الأندلس) was the name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Arab and North African Muslims (given the generic name of Moors), at various times in the period between 711 and 1492.

Dependent rulers of al-Andalus

Most of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania was conquered by the Umayyads in 711-18. Hispania (or al-Andalus) was organized as a single province (wilayah), with local provincial capital at Córdoba, and integrated into their empire. In the administrative structure of the Umayyad Caliphate, al-Andalus was formally a province subordinate to the Umayyad governor of Kairouan in Ifriqiya, rather than directly dependent on the Umayyad Caliph in Damascus. Most of the governors (wali) of al-Andalus from 711 to 756 were provincial deputies appointed by the governor in Kairouan, although a significant number of Andalusian governors during this period were chosen locally, with or without Kairouan's consent. Only one governor was a direct Caliphal appointee for Spain.

Although often characterized as "Umayyad governors", none of these dependent governors were actually members of the Umayyad family. They should not be confused with the later independent Umayyad emirs and caliphs of al-Andalus after 756 (who were indeed Umayyad family members).

Key: All appointed by governor of Ifriqiya except (*) elected internally by Andalusians; (**) appointed directly by Caliph; (***) forcibly imposed by Syrian regiments [1]

Independent rulers of al-Andalus

Umayyad emirs of Córdoba

In 750, the Abbasid Revolution overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus. An Umayyad prince, Abd ar-Rahman I, escaped to al-Andalus and set up the independent Emirate of Cordoba.

Umayyad caliphs of Córdoba

In 929, the Emir Abd ar-Rahman III, proclaimed himself the Caliph, the leader of the Islamic world, in competition with the Abbasid and the Fatimid caliphates which were also active at this time.

Hammudid caliphs of Córdoba

Umayyad caliphs of Córdoba (restored)

Collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba, end of the Umayyads, beginning of the first Taifa period.

See also

References

General
  • Christys, Ann (2003). "The transformation of Hispania after 711: The Governors of al-Andalus". Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World. The transformation of the Roman world, v. 13. Leiden: Brill. p. 241. ISBN 978-90-04-12524-7.
  • Collins, Roger (1995). "Lists of Rulers: The Arab Governors". Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400–1000. New Studies in Medieval History (2nd ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-312-12662-9.
Specific
  1. ↑ Compiled from Gonzalo Martínez Díez, El condado de Castilla, 711-1038, p. 743; Abd al-Wahid Dhannun Taha (1989) Muslim Conquest and Settlement of North Africa and Spain, p. 183.
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