A trophy made of metal and wood
The Governors' Cup was awarded to winners of the International League playoffs from 1933 to 2020.

The International League (IL) is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the United States at the Triple-A level, which is one grade below Major League Baseball. A champion has been determined at the end of each season since the league was formed in 1884.

Through 1932, champions were usually the regular-season pennant winners—the team with the best win–loss record at the conclusion of the season. From 1933 to 2020, postseason playoffs were held to determine champions. Participants from 1933 to 1987 were usually the four teams with the highest winning percentages. From 1988 to 2020, the four qualifiers were the division winners and one or two wild card teams. The winner of each season's playoffs was awarded the Governors' Cup. These playoffs and the issuing of trophy were discontinued in 2021, when the winner was the team with the best regular-season record. In 2022, the league championship was determined by a single playoff game between the East and West division winners. Beginning with the 2023 season, the league adopted a split season format, in which the league championship is determined by a best-of-three playoff series between the winners of each half of the season, with the winner meeting the champion of the Pacific Coast League in the Triple-A National Championship Game.[1]

The Rochester Red Wings have won 19 International League championships, more than any other team, followed by the Columbus Clippers (11) and the Baltimore Orioles, original Buffalo Bisons, and Toronto Maple Leafs (10). Among active IL franchises, Rochester has won 19 championships, the most of all teams, followed by Columbus (11) and the Durham Bulls and Syracuse Mets (8). During the era of the Governors' Cup playoffs from 1933 to 2020, the most cup titles were won by Columbus (11), followed by Rochester (10) and Syracuse (8).

History

Pre-playoff era (1884–1932)

Seventeen men and two boys wearing dark suits
The Rochester Red Wings, known as the Hustlers in 1909 (shown), won nine championships during the pre-playoff era (1884–1932), more than any other team.

The International League was founded in 1884.[2] The modern circuit traces its roots from several predecessor leagues: the Eastern League (1884), New York State League (1885), International League (1886–1887), International Association (1888–1890), Eastern Association (1891), and Eastern League (1892–1911).[3] It adopted consistent use of the International League name in 1912.[3] After the cancellation of the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[4] the league was known as the Triple-A East in 2021 before reverting to the International League moniker in 2022.[5][6]

A league champion has been determined at the end of each season. With few exceptions, champions from 1884 to 1932 were simply the regular-season pennant winners—the team with the best win–loss record at the conclusion of the regular championship season. The first league champions were the Trenton Trentonians, who won by four games over the Lancaster Ironsides in 1884.[7] The 1891 and 1892 seasons were contested as split seasons or "double seasons". Under this format, the schedule was split into two parts. The team with the best record at the end of the first season won the first pennant. Standings were then reset so that all clubs had clean records to begin the second season. If the same team won both seasons, they were declared the league champion.[8] This was the case in 1891 when the original Buffalo Bisons won both halves.[9] If a different team won the second season, the two winners would meet in a playoff series to determine the champion.[8] This happened in 1892 when the Binghamton Bingoes, winners of the second season, defeated the Providence Clamdiggers, winners of the first season, four games to two.[10] In 1932, the Newark Bears became the last team to win the championship by virtue of winning the regular-season pennant before a recurring series of playoffs were instituted.[11]

Governors' Cup era (1933–2020)

A man in a dark suit
Frank Shaughnessy devised a playoff system that was used for the Governor's Cup playoffs to determine a league champion.

Frank Shaughnessy, general manager of the International League's Montreal Royals, was interested in developing a way for multiple clubs to share in the excitement of postseason play. His new playoff format, devised to maintain the interest of fans and players alike during the Great Depression, provided an opportunity for four teams to compete for the league's championship. In 1933, he introduced his plan to league president Charles H. Knappe, and the result was the Governors' Cup playoffs. Several other leagues noticed the success of the "Shaughnessy Plan" and began using the system as well.[12]

The governors of Maryland, New Jersey, and New York and the lieutenant governors of the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, in which the league's eight teams were located at the time, sponsored a trophy to be awarded annually to the winner of the International League playoffs. The original trophy, designed by the supervisor of the league's umpires and silversmith W. B. Carpenter, was created out of solid silver.[12] In 1988, IL president Harold Cooper donated the trophy to the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, where it is on permanent display. A new trophy was minted in its place to be presented to the winner of the Governors' Cup playoffs.[12]

Under this system, the top four teams in the league, based on winning percentage, competed for the championship. From 1933 to 1987, the first round typically consisted of a best-of-seven-games series between the first and fourth-place teams and a series between the second and third-place teams. The winners of these semifinals then faced one another for the championship in a best-of-seven series. The first Governors' Cup was won in 1933 by the original Buffalo Bisons, who defeated the Rochester Red Wings, 4–2.[13] Sporadically from 1966 to 1980, one or both rounds were reduced to best-of-five series. From 1981 to 2020, both rounds were the best-of-five.

The IL utilized a divisional alignment for the first time in 1963. The first-place teams from each division, North and South, met in the first round, as did the second-place teams, with the winners meeting in the finals.[14] The circuit reverted to having no divisions in 1964 but returned to the same playoff format with North and South Divisions for 1973 and 1974.[15][16]

From 1988 to 1991, the International League held an interleague partnership with the American Association, called the Triple-A Alliance, in which they played an interlocking schedule, and the leagues' champions met in the Triple-A Classic.[17] During this period, the IL was divided into East and West Divisions, and the division winners faced off in a best-of-five series to determine champions. After the dissolution of the Triple-A Alliance following the 1991 season, the International League maintained this divisional alignment but returned to having a semifinal round wherein the top two teams in each division played each other to qualify for the Governors' Cup finals.[17][18]

The league was split into three divisions, North, South, and West, from 1998 to 2020. Under this arrangement, the three division winners and a wild card team (the team with the best second-place record) qualified for the playoffs. The best-of-five semifinals pitted the North Division winner against the wild card team, and the South and West Division winners against each other. The winners then played in a best-of-five round to determine the champion.[19] The last team to win the championship this way was the Columbus Clippers, who won the last Governors' Cup in 2019.[20] The 2020 season was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]

Current era (2021–present)

The International League ceased operations before the 2021 season in conjunction with Major League Baseball's (MLB) reorganization of Minor League Baseball.[5] In place of the International League, MLB created the Triple-A East, a circuit divided into three divisions, Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast.[21] Prior to the 2022 season, MLB renamed the Triple-A East the International League, and it carried on the history of the IL prior to reorganization.[6] Rather than hold playoffs for its championship, the Triple-A East's 2021 title was awarded to the team with the best regular-season record.[22] The Durham Bulls won this championship by four-and-a-half games ahead of the Buffalo Bisons.[23][24] Along with these changes, all references to the Governors' Cup as the championship of the International League were discontinued and a different trophy was awarded.[25][26][27] In 2022, the league was reorganized in East and West Divisions.[28] Under this alignment, the winners of each division met in a single game to determine the league champion.[29] In 2023, the regular-season was split into two halves, and the winners of each half met in a best-of-three series for the league championship.[30]

Champions

Pre-playoff champions (1884–1932)

Key
Record Regular-season win–loss record
GA Games ahead of the second-place team
Champions
Year Champion Record GA Runner-up Ref.
1884 Trenton Trentonians 46–394Lancaster Ironsides[7]
1885 Syracuse Stars 52–373+1⁄2Utica Pent-Ups[31]
1886 Utica Pent-Ups 62–345+1⁄2Rochester Maroons[32]
1887 Toronto Canucks 65–363Buffalo Bisons[33]
1888 Syracuse Stars 81–305+1⁄2Toronto Canucks[34]
1889 Detroit Wolverines 72–396+1⁄2Syracuse Stars[35]
1890 Detroit Wolverines[lower-alpha 1] 31–191Toronto Canucks[37]
1891 Buffalo Bisons —[lower-alpha 2]——[9]
1892 Binghamton Bingoes —[lower-alpha 3]—Providence Clamdiggers[10]
1893 Erie Blackbirds 63–411Springfield Ponies[38]
1894 Providence Grays 78–3418Erie Blackbirds[39]
1895 Springfield Maroons 79–366+1⁄2Providence Grays[40]
1896 Providence Grays 71–473+1⁄2Buffalo Bisons[41]
1897 Syracuse Stars 83–503+1⁄2Toronto Maple Leafs[42]
1898 Montreal Royals 68–483Wilkes-Barre Coal Barons[43]
1899 Rochester Bronchos 72–439Montreal Royals[44]
1900 Providence Clamdiggers 84–525+1⁄2Rochester Bronchos[45]
1901 Rochester Bronchos 89–499Toronto Maple Leafs[46]
1902 Toronto Maple Leafs 85–42—[lower-alpha 4]Buffalo Bisons[47]
1903 Jersey City Skeeters 92–3311+1⁄2Buffalo Bisons[48]
1904 Buffalo Bisons 88–468Baltimore Orioles[49]
1905 Providence Clamdiggers 83–471⁄2Baltimore Orioles[50]
1906 Buffalo Bisons 85–553+1⁄2Jersey City Skeeters[51]
1907 Toronto Maple Leafs 83–519Buffalo Bisons[52]
1908 Baltimore Orioles 83–572Providence Grays[53]
1909 Rochester Hustlers 90–615Newark Indians[54]
1910 Rochester Bronchos 92–614+1⁄2Newark Indians[55]
1911 Rochester Hustlers 98–543+1⁄2Baltimore Orioles[56]
1912 Toronto Maple Leafs 91–625Rochester Hustlers[57]
1913 Newark Indians 95–574Rochester Hustlers[58]
1914 Providence Grays 95–595+1⁄2Buffalo Bisons[59]
1915 Buffalo Bisons 86–502Providence Grays[60]
1916 Buffalo Bisons 82–585Providence Grays[61]
1917 Toronto Maple Leafs 93–611+1⁄2Providence Grays[62]
1918 Toronto Maple Leafs 88–391Binghamton Bingoes[63]
1919 Baltimore Orioles 100–498Toronto Maple Leafs[64]
1920 Baltimore Orioles 110–432+1⁄2Toronto Maple Leafs[65]
1921 Baltimore Orioles 119–4720Rochester Colts[66]
1922 Baltimore Orioles 115–5210Rochester Tribe[67]
1923 Baltimore Orioles 111–5311Rochester Tribe[68]
1924 Baltimore Orioles 117–4819Toronto Maple Leafs[69]
1925 Baltimore Orioles 105–614Toronto Maple Leafs[70]
1926 Toronto Maple Leafs 109–578Baltimore Orioles[71]
1927 Buffalo Bisons 112–5610Syracuse Stars[72]
1928 Rochester Red Wings 90–74—[lower-alpha 5]Buffalo Bisons[73]
1929 Rochester Red Wings 103–6511Toronto Maple Leafs[74]
1930 Rochester Red Wings 105–628Baltimore Orioles[75]
1931 Rochester Red Wings 101–672Newark Bears[76]
1932 Newark Bears 109–5915+1⁄2Baltimore Orioles[11]

Governors' Cup champions (1933–2020)

Key
Score Score of the Governors' Cup championship series
P Regular-season pennant winner (1933–1962, 1964–1972, 1975–1987)
N North Division winner (1963, 1973–1974, 1998–2020)
S South Division winner (1963, 1973–1974, 1998–2020)
E East Division winner (1988–1997)
W West Division winner (1988–2020)
Champions
Year Champion Score Runner-up Other playoff teams Ref.
1933 Buffalo Bisons 4–2Rochester Red WingsBaltimore Orioles & Newark BearsP[13]
1934 Toronto Maple Leafs 4–1Rochester Red WingsAlbany Senators & Newark BearsP[77]
1935 Syracuse Chiefs 4–3Montreal RoyalsPBuffalo Bisons & Newark Bears[78]
1936 Buffalo BisonsP 4–2Baltimore OriolesNewark Bears & Rochester Red Wings[79]
1937 Newark BearsP 4–0Baltimore OriolesMontreal Royals & Syracuse Chiefs[80]
1938 Newark BearsP 4–1Buffalo BisonsRochester Red Wings & Syracuse Chiefs[81]
1939 Rochester Red Wings 4–3Newark BearsBuffalo Bisons & Jersey City GiantsP[82]
1940 Newark Bears 4–3Baltimore OriolesJersey City Giants & Rochester Red WingsP[83]
1941 Montreal Royals 4–3Newark BearsPBuffalo Bisons & Rochester Red Wings[84]
1942 Syracuse Chiefs 4–0Jersey City GiantsMontreal Royals & Newark BearsP[85]
1943 Syracuse Chiefs 4–2Toronto Maple LeafsPMontreal Royals & Newark Bears[86]
1944 Baltimore OriolesP 4–3Newark BearsBuffalo Bisons & Toronto Maple Leafs[87]
1945 Newark Bears 4–3Montreal RoyalsPBaltimore Orioles & Toronto Maple Leafs[88]
1946 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1Syracuse ChiefsBaltimore Orioles & Newark Bears[89]
1947 Syracuse Chiefs 4–3Buffalo BisonsJersey City GiantsP & Montreal Royals[90]
1948 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1Syracuse ChiefsNewark Bears & Rochester Red Wings[91]
1949 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1Buffalo BisonsJersey City Giants & Rochester Red Wings[92]
1950 Baltimore Orioles 4–2Rochester Red WingsPJersey City Giants & Montreal Royals[93]
1951 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1Syracuse ChiefsBuffalo Bisons & Rochester Red Wings[94]
1952 Rochester Red Wings 4–2Montreal RoyalsPSyracuse Chiefs & Toronto Maple Leafs[95]
1953 Montreal Royals 4–0Rochester Red WingsPBaltimore Orioles & Buffalo Bisons[96]
1954 Syracuse Chiefs 4–3Montreal RoyalsRochester Red Wings & Toronto Maple LeafsP[97]
1955 Rochester Red Wings 4–0Toronto Maple LeafsHavana Sugar Kings & Montreal RoyalsP[98]
1956 Rochester Red Wings 4–3Toronto Maple LeafsPMiami Marlins & Montreal Royals[99]
1957 Buffalo Bisons 4–1Miami MarlinsRichmond Virginians & Toronto Maple LeafsP[100]
1958 Montreal RoyalsP 4–1Toronto Maple LeafsColumbus Jets & Rochester Red Wings[101]
1959 Havana Sugar Kings 4–2Richmond VirginiansBuffalo BisonsP & Columbus Jets[102]
1960 Toronto Maple LeafsP 4–1Rochester Red WingsBuffalo Bisons & Richmond Virginians[103]
1961 Buffalo Bisons 4–1Rochester Red WingsCharleston Marlins & Columbus JetsP[104]
1962 Atlanta Crackers 4–3Jacksonville SunsPRochester Red Wings & Toronto Maple Leafs[105]
1963 Indianapolis IndiansS 4–2Atlanta CrackersSyracuse ChiefsN & Toronto Maple Leafs[14]
1964 Rochester Red Wings 4–2Syracuse ChiefsBuffalo Bisons & Jacksonville SunsP[106]
1965 Toronto Maple Leafs 4–1Columbus JetsPAtlanta Crackers & Syracuse Chiefs[107]
1966 Toronto Maple Leafs 4–1Richmond BravesColumbus Jets & Rochester Red WingsP[108]
1967 Toledo Mud Hens 4–1Columbus JetsRichmond BravesP & Rochester Red Wings[109]
1968 Jacksonville Suns 4–0Columbus JetsRochester Red Wings & Toledo Mud HensP[110]
1969 Syracuse Chiefs 4–1Columbus JetsLouisville Colonels & Tidewater TidesP[111]
1970 Syracuse ChiefsP 3–1Columbus JetsRochester Red Wings & Tidewater Tides[112]
1971 Rochester Red WingsP 3–2Tidewater TidesCharleston Charlies & Syracuse Chiefs[113]
1972 Tidewater Tides 3–2Louisville ColonelsPCharleston Charlies & Rochester Red Wings[114]
1973 Pawtucket Red Sox 3–2Charleston CharliesSRochester Red WingsN & Tidewater Tides[15]
1974 Rochester Red WingsN 4–3Syracuse ChiefsMemphis BluesS & Richmond Braves[16]
1975 Tidewater TidesP 3–1Syracuse ChiefsCharleston Charlies & Rochester Red Wings[115]
1976 Syracuse Chiefs 3–1Richmond BravesMemphis Blues & Rochester Red WingsP[116]
1977 Charleston Charlies 4–0Pawtucket Red SoxPRichmond Braves & Tidewater Tides[117]
1978 Richmond Braves 4–3Pawtucket Red SoxCharleston CharliesP & Toledo Mud Hens[118]
1979 Columbus ClippersP 4–3Syracuse ChiefsRichmond Braves & Tidewater Tides[119]
1980 Columbus ClippersP 4–1Toledo Mud HensRichmond Braves & Rochester Red Wings[120]
1981 Columbus ClippersP 2–1[lower-alpha 6]Richmond BravesRochester Red Wings & Tidewater Tides[122]
1982 Tidewater Tides 3–0Rochester Red WingsColumbus Clippers & Richmond BravesP[123]
1983 Tidewater Tides 3–1Richmond BravesCharleston Charlies & Columbus ClippersP[124]
1984 Pawtucket Red Sox 3–2Maine GuidesColumbus ClippersP & Toledo Mud Hens[125]
1985 Tidewater Tides 3–1Columbus ClippersMaine Guides & Syracuse ChiefsP[126]
1986 Richmond BravesP 3–2Rochester Red WingsPawtucket Red Sox & Tidewater Tides[127]
1987 Columbus Clippers 3–0Tidewater TidesPPawtucket Red Sox & Rochester Red Wings[128]
1988 Rochester Red WingsW 3–1Tidewater TidesE—[129]
1989 Richmond BravesW 3–1Syracuse ChiefsE—[130]
1990 Rochester Red WingsE 3–2Columbus ClippersW—[131]
1991 Columbus ClippersW 3–0Pawtucket Red SoxE—[132]
1992 Columbus ClippersW 3–2Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsEPawtucket Red Sox & Richmond Braves[18]
1993 Charlotte KnightsW 3–2Rochester Red WingsEOttawa Lynx & Richmond Braves[133]
1994 Richmond BravesW 3–0Syracuse ChiefsCharlotte Knights & Pawtucket Red SoxE[134]
1995 Ottawa Lynx 3–1Norfolk TidesWRichmond Braves & Rochester Red WingsE[135]
1996 Columbus ClippersW 3–0Rochester Red WingsNorfolk Tides & Pawtucket Red SoxE[136]
1997 Rochester Red WingsE 3–2Columbus ClippersWCharlotte Knights & Pawtucket Red Sox[137]
1998 Buffalo BisonsN 3–2Durham BullsSLouisville RedbirdsW & Syracuse SkyChiefs[19]
1999 Charlotte Knights 3–1Durham BullsSColumbus ClippersW & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsN[138]
2000 Indianapolis IndiansW 3–2Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsBuffalo BisonsN & Durham BullsS[139]
2001 Louisville RiverBatsW 1–0[lower-alpha 7]Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsBuffalo BisonsN & Norfolk TidesS[141]
2002 Durham BullsS 3–0Buffalo BisonsScranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsN & Toledo Mud HensW[142]
2003 Durham BullsS 3–0Pawtucket Red SoxNLouisville BatsW & Ottawa Lynx[143]
2004 Buffalo BisonsN 3–1Richmond BravesSColumbus ClippersW & Durham Bulls[144]
2005 Toledo Mud HensW 3–0Indianapolis IndiansBuffalo BisonsN & Norfolk TidesS[145]
2006 Toledo Mud HensW 3–2Rochester Red WingsCharlotte KnightsS & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red BaronsN[146]
2007 Richmond Braves 3–2Durham BullsSScranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN & Toledo Mud HensW[147]
2008 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN 3–1Durham BullsSLouisville BatsW & Pawtucket Red Sox[148]
2009 Durham BullsS 3–0Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesNGwinnett Braves & Louisville BatsN[149]
2010 Columbus Clippers 3–1Durham BullsSLouisville BatsW & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN[150]
2011 Columbus ClippersW 3–1Lehigh Valley IronPigsDurham BullsS & Pawtucket Red SoxN[151]
2012 Pawtucket Red Sox 3–0Charlotte KnightsSIndianapolis IndiansW & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre YankeesN[152]
2013 Durham BullsS 3–1Pawtucket Red SoxNIndianapolis IndiansW & Rochester Red Wings[153]
2014 Pawtucket Red Sox 3–2Durham BullsSColumbus ClippersW & Syracuse ChiefsN[154]
2015 Columbus ClippersW 3–2Indianapolis IndiansNorfolk TidesS & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersN[155]
2016 Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersN 3–1Gwinnett BravesSColumbus ClippersW & Lehigh Valley IronPigs[156]
2017 Durham BullsS 3–1Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersNIndianapolis IndiansW & Lehigh Valley IronPigs[157]
2018 Durham BullsS 3–2Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersLehigh Valley IronPigsN & Toledo Mud HensW[158]
2019 Columbus ClippersW 3–0Durham BullsGwinnett StripersS & Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRidersN[20]
2020 None (season canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic) [4]

2021–present

Key
Score Score of the championship series
Champions
Year Champion Score Runner-up Ref.
2021 Durham Bulls —[lower-alpha 8] Buffalo Bisons [24]
2022 Durham Bulls 1–0 Nashville Sounds [159]
2023 Norfolk Tides 2–1 Durham Bulls [160]

Wins by team

Active International League teams appear in bold.

Team Wins Year(s)
Rochester Red Wings (Rochester Bronchos/Hustlers) 19 1899, 1901, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1939, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1964, 1971, 1974, 1988, 1990, 1997
Columbus Clippers 11 1979, 1980, 1981, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1996, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2019
Baltimore Orioles 10 1908, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1944, 1950
Buffalo Bisons (1886–1970) 1891, 1904, 1906, 1915, 1916, 1927, 1933, 1936, 1957, 1961
Toronto Maple Leafs 1902, 1907, 1912, 1917, 1918, 1926, 1934, 1960, 1965, 1966
Durham Bulls 8 2002, 2003, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022
Montreal Royals 1898, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1958
Syracuse Mets (Syracuse Chiefs) 1935, 1942, 1943, 1947, 1954, 1969, 1970, 1976
Norfolk Tides (Tidewater Tides) 6 1972, 1975, 1982, 1983, 1985, 2023
Newark Bears 5 1932, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1945
Providence Grays (Providence Clamdiggers) 1894, 1896, 1900, 1905, 1914
Richmond Braves 1978, 1986, 1989, 1994, 2007
Pawtucket Red Sox 4 1973, 1984, 2012, 2014
Syracuse Stars 3 1885, 1888, 1897
Toledo Mud Hens 1967, 2005, 2006
Buffalo Bisons (1979–present) 2 1998, 2004
Charlotte Knights 1993, 1999
Detroit Wolverines 1889, 1890
Indianapolis Indians 1963, 2000
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees) 2008, 2016
Atlanta Crackers 1 1962
Binghamton Bingoes 1892
Charleston Charlies 1977
Erie Blackbirds 1893
Havana Sugar Kings 1959
Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp (Jacksonville Suns) 1968
Jersey City Skeeters 1903
Louisville Bats (Louisville RiverBats) 2001
Newark Indians 1913
Ottawa Lynx 1995
Springfield Maroons 1895
Toronto Canucks 1887
Trenton Trentonians 1884
Utica Pent-Ups 1886

Governors' Cup wins by team

Team Governors'
Cup wins		 Year(s)
Columbus Clippers 11 1979, 1980, 1981, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1996, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2019
Rochester Red Wings 10 1939, 1952, 1955, 1956, 1964, 1971, 1974, 1988, 1990, 1997
Syracuse Mets (Syracuse Chiefs) 8 1935, 1942, 1943, 1947, 1954, 1969, 1970, 1976
Montreal Royals 7 1941, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1958
Durham Bulls 6 2002, 2003, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2018
Norfolk Tides (Tidewater Tides) 5 1972, 1975, 1982, 1983, 1985
Richmond Braves 1978, 1986, 1989, 1994, 2007
Buffalo Bisons (1886–1970) 4 1933, 1936, 1957, 1961
Newark Bears 1937, 1938, 1940, 1945
Pawtucket Red Sox 1973, 1984, 2012, 2014
Toronto Maple Leafs 1934, 1960, 1965, 1966
Toledo Mud Hens 3 1967, 2005, 2006
Baltimore Orioles 2 1944, 1950
Buffalo Bisons (1979–present) 1998, 2004
Charlotte Knights 1993, 1999
Indianapolis Indians 1963, 2000
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders (Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees) 2008, 2016
Atlanta Crackers 1 1962
Charleston Charlies 1977
Havana Sugar Kings 1959
Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp (Jacksonville Suns) 1968
Louisville Bats (Louisville RiverBats) 2001
Ottawa Lynx 1995

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The league disbanded on July 9.[36] Of the teams remaining in the league at the time, Detroit was in first place, making them the de facto champions.
  2. ↑ The 1891 season was contested as a double season. Buffalo won the championship by virtue of having won both halves.
  3. ↑ The 1892 season was contested as a double season. Providence won the first half, and Binghamton won the second. In the championship series, Binghamton defeated Providence, 4–2.
  4. ↑ Toronto won the championship with a winning percentage of .669 (85–42) versus Buffalo's .662 (88–45).
  5. ↑ Rochester won the championship with a winning percentage of .549 (90–74) versus Buffalo's .548 (92–76).
  6. ↑ Columbus, with a 2–1 series lead, was declared the champion after the playoffs were canceled due to rain and unplayable field conditions.[121]
  7. ↑ Louisville, with a 1–0 series lead, was declared the champion after the playoffs were canceled in the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks.[140]
  8. ↑ No playoffs were held. Durham won the championship by virtue of having the league's best regular-season record (77–43). They finished 4+1⁄2 games ahead of Buffalo.[23]

References

Specific

  1. ↑ "2023 Triple-A National Championship Game Set for Sept. 30 in Las Vegas". Minor League Baseball. March 28, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  2. ↑ Terranova, Rob (March 17, 2022). "Then and Now: International League". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
  3. 1 2 "International League Yearly Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 "2020 Minor League Baseball Season Shelved". Minor League Baseball. June 30, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  5. 1 2 Reichard, Kevin (February 12, 2021). "Minor League Baseball Overhaul Unveiled". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
  6. 1 2 "Historical League Names to Return in 2022". Minor League Baseball. March 16, 2022. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  7. 1 2 "1884 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  8. 1 2 "For Minor Leaguers". The Buffalo Commercial. Buffalo. January 25, 1892. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. 1 2 "1891 Eastern Association Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  10. 1 2 "1892 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  11. 1 2 "1932 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 "International League Governors' Cup Championship". Triple-A Baseball. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  13. 1 2 "1933 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  14. 1 2 "1963 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  15. 1 2 "1973 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  16. 1 2 "1974 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  17. 1 2 "Notable Events in American Association History". Triple-A Baseball. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  18. 1 2 "1992 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  19. 1 2 "1998 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  20. 1 2 "2019 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  21. ↑ Mayo, Jonathan (February 12, 2021). "MLB Announces New Minors Teams, Leagues". Major League Baseball. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  22. ↑ "MiLB Announces 'Triple-A Final Stretch' for 2021". Minor League Baseball. July 14, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  23. 1 2 Cooper, J.J. (September 20, 2021). "Rays Affiliates Dominate 2021 Minor League Playoff Picture". Baseball America. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  24. 1 2 "2021 Triple-A East Standings". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  25. ↑ "2021 MiLB Playoff Procedures". Minor League Baseball. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  26. ↑ "Baseball America Tabs Bulls as 2021 Minor League Team of the Year". Durham Bulls. Minor League Baseball. December 1, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
  27. ↑ "Las Vegas to Host Inaugural Triple-A Triple Championship Weekend". Minor League Baseball. May 3, 2022. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  28. ↑ "2022 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  29. ↑ "MiLB Playoff Procedures". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  30. ↑ "2023 Triple-A National Championship Game Set for Sept. 30 in Las Vegas". Minor League Baseball. March 28, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  31. ↑ "1885 New York State League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  32. ↑ "1886 International Association Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  33. ↑ "1887 International Association Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  34. ↑ "1888 International Association Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  35. ↑ "1889 International Association Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  36. ↑ "The Dead League". The Buffalo Times. Buffalo. July 9, 1890. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ↑ "1890 International Association Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  38. ↑ "1893 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  39. ↑ "1894 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  40. ↑ "1895 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  41. ↑ "1896 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  42. ↑ "1897 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  43. ↑ "1898 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  44. ↑ "1899 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  45. ↑ "1900 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  46. ↑ "1901 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  47. ↑ "1902 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  48. ↑ "1903 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  49. ↑ "1904 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  50. ↑ "1905 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  51. ↑ "1906 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  52. ↑ "1907 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  53. ↑ "1908 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  54. ↑ "1909 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  55. ↑ "1910 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  56. ↑ "1911 Eastern League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  57. ↑ "1912 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  58. ↑ "1913 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  59. ↑ "1914 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  60. ↑ "1915 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  61. ↑ "1916 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  62. ↑ "1917 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  63. ↑ "1918 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  64. ↑ "1919 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  65. ↑ "1920 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  66. ↑ "1921 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  67. ↑ "1922 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  68. ↑ "1923 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  69. ↑ "1924 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  70. ↑ "1925 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  71. ↑ "1926 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  72. ↑ "1927 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  73. ↑ "1928 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  74. ↑ "1929 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  75. ↑ "1930 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  76. ↑ "1931 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  77. ↑ "1934 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  78. ↑ "1935 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  79. ↑ "1936 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  80. ↑ "1937 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  81. ↑ "1938 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  82. ↑ "1939 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  83. ↑ "1940 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  84. ↑ "1941 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  85. ↑ "1942 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  86. ↑ "1943 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  87. ↑ "1944 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  88. ↑ "1945 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  89. ↑ "1946 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  90. ↑ "1947 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  91. ↑ "1948 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  92. ↑ "1949 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  93. ↑ "1950 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  94. ↑ "1951 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  95. ↑ "1952 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  96. ↑ "1953 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  97. ↑ "1954 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  98. ↑ "1955 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  99. ↑ "1956 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  100. ↑ "1957 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  101. ↑ "1958 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  102. ↑ "1959 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  103. ↑ "1960 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  104. ↑ "1961 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  105. ↑ "1962 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  106. ↑ "1964 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  107. ↑ "1965 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  108. ↑ "1966 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  109. ↑ "1967 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  110. ↑ "1968 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  111. ↑ "1969 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  112. ↑ "1970 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  113. ↑ "1971 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  114. ↑ "1972 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  115. ↑ "1975 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  116. ↑ "1976 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  117. ↑ "1977 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  118. ↑ "1978 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  119. ↑ "1979 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  120. ↑ "1980 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  121. ↑ "Rain Cancels Playoffs; Clips Ruled Champs". The Newark Advocate. Newark. September 19, 1981. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  122. ↑ "1981 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  123. ↑ "1982 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  124. ↑ "1983 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  125. ↑ "1984 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  126. ↑ "1985 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  127. ↑ "1986 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  128. ↑ "1987 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  129. ↑ "1988 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  130. ↑ "1989 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  131. ↑ "1990 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  132. ↑ "1991 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  133. ↑ "1993 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  134. ↑ "1994 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  135. ↑ "1995 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  136. ↑ "1996 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  137. ↑ "1997 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  138. ↑ "1999 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  139. ↑ "2000 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  140. ↑ Bennett, Brian (September 13, 2001). "International League Rules Playoffs Over". The Courier-Journal. Louisville. p. E1 – via Newspapers.com.
  141. ↑ "2001 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  142. ↑ "2002 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  143. ↑ "2003 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  144. ↑ "2004 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  145. ↑ "2005 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  146. ↑ "2006 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  147. ↑ "2007 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  148. ↑ "2008 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  149. ↑ "2009 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  150. ↑ "2010 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  151. ↑ "2011 International League". Baseball-Reference. Sports Reference. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  152. ↑ "2012 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  153. ↑ "2013 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  154. ↑ "2014 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  155. ↑ "2015 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  156. ↑ "2016 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  157. ↑ "2017 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  158. ↑ "2018 International League Standings". Stats Crew. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  159. ↑ Heneghan, Kelsie (October 2, 2022). "Bulls Parade Way to Eighth Triple-A Title". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved October 2, 2022.
  160. ↑ Heller, Melanie (September 29, 2023). "Mayo, Holliday Lead Tides to First IL Title in 38 Years". Minor League Baseball. Retrieved September 29, 2023.

General

  • "International League Champions". International League. Minor League Baseball. Archived from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2022.
  • "International League Governors' Cup Championship". Triple-A Baseball. Archived from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  • O'Neal, Bill (1992), The International League: A Baseball History 1884–1991, Eakin Press, ISBN 978-0-89015-856-2
  • Wright, Marshall (2005), The International League: Year-by-Year Statistics 1884–1953, McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-0458-2
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