Haidian
海淀区
District
Haidian District
Haidian District
Location of Haidian District in Beijing
Location of Haidian District in Beijing
Coordinates (Haidian government): 39°57′36″N 116°17′54″E / 39.9600°N 116.2983°E / 39.9600; 116.2983
CountryPeople's Republic of China
MunicipalityBeijing
Township-level divisions22 subdistricts
5 towns
2 townships
Area
 • Total431 km2 (166 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total3,133,469 [1]
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
100080
Area code0010
Websitebjhd.gov.cn

Haidian District (Chinese: 海淀区; pinyin: Hǎidiàn Qū) is a district of the city of Beijing. It is mostly situated in northwestern Beijing, but also to a lesser extent in the west, where it has borders with Xicheng District and Fengtai District.

It is 431 square km in area, making it the second-largest district in urban Beijing area (after Chaoyang), and is home to 3,133,469 inhabitants as of November 2020.[2]

Administrative division

The administrative division of the district was reported as follows:

NameChinese (S)Hanyu PinyinPopulation (2020)[3]Area (km2)
Wanshou Road Subdistrict万寿路街道Wànshòulù Jiēdào121,4538.90
Yongding Road Subdistrict永定路街道Yǒngdìnglu Jiēdào90,8790.70
Yangfangdian Subdistrict羊坊店街道Yángfāngdiàn Jiēdào120,3026.61
Ganjiakou Subdistrict甘家口街道Gānjiākǒu Jiēdào117,9466.50
Balizhuang Subdistrict八里庄街道Bālǐzhuāng Jiēdào133,4004.40
Zizhuyuan Subdistrict紫竹院街道Zǐzhúyuàn Jiēdào129,3676.23
Beixiaguan Subdistrict北下关街道Běixiàguān Jiēdào146,3666.04
Beitaipingzhuang Subdistrict北太平庄街道Běitàipíngzhuāng Jiēdào163,9205.17
Xueyuan Road Subdistrict学院路街道Xuéyuànlù Jiēdào226,3158.49
Zhongguancun Subdistrict中关村街道Zhōngguāncūn Jiēdào130,6726.23
Haidian Subdistrict海淀街道Hǎidiàn Jiēdào123,1915.00
Qinglongqiao Subdistrict青龙桥街道Qīnglóngqiáo Jiēdào84,22115.50
Qinghuayuan Subdistrict清华园街道Qīnghuáyuán Jiēdào56,5922.70
Yanyuan Subdistrict燕园街道Yànyuán Jiēdào29,7791.84
Xiangshan Subdistrict香山街道Xiāngshān Jiēdào28,53525.37
Qinghe Subdistrict清河街道Qīnghé Jiēdào147,3959.37
Huayuan Road Subdistrict花园路街道Huāyuánlù Jiēdào139,3626.30
Xisanqi Subdistrict西三旗街道Xīsānqí Jiēdào157,6428.70
Malianwa Subdistrict马连洼街道Mǎliánwā Jiēdào119,0225.50
Tiancun Road Subdistrict田村路街道Tiáncūnlù Jiēdào108,0887.70
Shangdi Subdistrict上地街道Shàngdì Jiēdào67,1399.40
Shuguang Subdistrict曙光街道Shǔguāng Jiēdào86,1819.61
Wanliu Area (Haidian town)万柳地区(海淀镇)Wànliǔ Dìqū (Hǎidiàn Zhèn)2,02241.90
Dongsheng (town) Area东升(镇)地区Dōngshēng (Zhèn) Dìqū58,15145.20
Wenquan (town) Area温泉(镇)地区Wēnquán (Zhèn) Dìqū69,16533.23
Sijiqing (town) Area四季青(镇)地区Sìjìqīng (Zhèn) Dìqū162,70040.83
Xibeiwang (town) Area西北旺(镇)地区Xīběiwàng (Zhèn) Dìqū164,79551.02
Sujiatuo (town) Area苏家坨(镇)地区Sūjiātuó (Zhèn) Dìqū78,23584.51
Shangzhuang (town) Area上庄(镇)地区Shàngzhuāng (Zhèn) Dìqū71,55438.45

History

Haidian was originally a village outside of Beijing's Inner City.[4] It was first built in the Yuan dynasty and became one of the eight major business areas of the capital during the Qing dynasty and was the seat of such old shops as Lotus White, Quanjude and Hongbin House.[5] The famed Old Summer Palace and Summer Palace, two grand imperial gardens are also among its reputed features. It became a university district after the building of the Tsinghua University and Yenching University campus in the early twentieth century. It is mentioned in Lao She's novel Camel Xiangzi as an academic village for students. After the foundation of the People's Republic, it was deliberately developed as a university area, with many of the Yan'an institutions moving there. It officially became an administrative district in June 1954.[6] Since the reform and opening up, it has become the centre of China's IT industry. In the words of Time magazine:

Like Paris' Champs Elysées or New York's Broadway, Haidian is a celebration of a national myth: China's ability to change itself and become, once again, great among nations.[7]

During the later half of the 1990s, out of the Beijing districts, Haidian had the highest per capita GDP. During that period the GDP of Haidian (1) District grew by double digits each year.[8]

Transportation

The northwestern stretches of the 3rd Ring Road, 4th Ring Road, 5th Ring Road and 6th Ring Road all run through the area.

Metro & light rail

Haidian is currently served by ten metro lines of the Beijing Subway and one light rail line:

Suburban Railway

Haidian is served by one commuter line operated by Beijing Suburban Railway (BCR).

Government and infrastructure

The Haidian District government headquarters

The China National Space Administration has its headquarters in the district.[9] The Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center which serves as the central command center for the Chinese space program is also located in the district.

Entrance to the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center

The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun.[10]

The People's Liberation Army Military Music Hall is located in the district.[11]

The Ministry of State Security has a number of major facilities in the district.

Economy

Lenovo global headquarters
Xiaomi global headquarters

In 2017, the regional GDP was 592.48 billion yuan,[12] with a GDP per capita at 170.8 thousand yuan (25293 US dollars).

A central part of Haidian's economy, the Zhongguancun electronics district, hosts the Beijing offices of many software and computer-technology companies.

  • Baidu has its headquarters in the Baidu Campus.[13]
  • Sohu has its headquarters in the Sohu.com Internet Plaza.[14][15]
  • Sinosteel's headquarters are in the Sinosteel Plaza (simplified Chinese: 中钢国际广场; traditional Chinese: 中鋼國際廣場; pinyin: Zhōnggāng Guójì Guǎngchǎng) in Haidian District.[16]
  • Youku has its headquarters on the fifth floor of Sinosteel Plaza.[17][18]
  • Wumart has its headquarters in the Wumart Commercial Building (物美商业大厦; 物美商業大廈; Wù Měi Shāngyè Dàshà) in Haidian District.[19]
  • aigo's head office is in the Ideal Plaza (理想国际大厦; 理想國際大廈; Lǐxiǎng Guójì Dàshà) in the Haidian District.[20]
  • China Postal Airlines has its headquarters on the 11th through 14th floors of the Ziyu Office Building (紫玉写字楼; 紫玉寫字樓; Zǐyù Xiězìlóu) in Haidian District.[21]
  • Sinovac Biotech[22]
  • The Beijing Civil Aircraft Technology Research Center of COMAC (北京民用飞机技术研究中心) has its offices on the 8th floor of the Beijing Olympic Building (北京奥运大厦; 北京奧運大廈; Běijīng Àoyùn Dàshà) in Haidian District.[23]
  • Xiaomi has its headquarters in the Office Building of Huarun Wucai City (华润五彩城写字楼; 華潤五彩城寫字樓; Huárùn Wǔcǎi Chéng Xiězìlóu).[24]
  • Nuctech.[25]
  • New Oriental[26]
  • Google has its Beijing office in Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6[27]
  • Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun.[28]
  • ByteDance (developer of Douyin / TikTok) has its global headquarters on Zhichun Road (知春路), Haidian District.
  • Lenovo has its global headquarters in Lenovo Campus, Haidian District.
  • Grab has its Beijing office in Raycom Infotech Park.

Education

Higher education

Peking University
The Beijing Olympic Building, which houses the headquarters of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education

Institutions of higher education in Haidian include:

Primary and secondary education

The Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (simplified Chinese: 北京市教育委员会; traditional Chinese: 北京市教育委員會; pinyin: Běijīng Shì Jiàoyùwěiyuánhuì), the local education authority, has its headquarters in the Beijing Olympic Building.[29][30]

Institutions of secondary education

Private schools include:

Communities

Important areas in Haidian District

Overview of the Haidian District

Sports

The Chinese Ice Hockey Association, which governs ice hockey and bandy in China, has its offices at 56, Zhongguacun South Street in Haidian District.[32]

Haidian's Technology hubs

Climate

Haidian has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa). The average annual temperature in Haidian is 12.8 °C (55.0 °F). The average annual rainfall is 557.3 mm (21.94 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 26.5 °C (79.7 °F), and lowest in January, at around −3.2 °C (26.2 °F).

Climate data for Haidian District (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.2
(57.6)		 19.8
(67.6)		 28.7
(83.7)		 33.1
(91.6)		 38.2
(100.8)		 40.1
(104.2)		 41.7
(107.1)		 38.4
(101.1)		 35.2
(95.4)		 30.7
(87.3)		 22.7
(72.9)		 19.6
(67.3)		 41.7
(107.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9)		 6.5
(43.7)		 13.4
(56.1)		 21.3
(70.3)		 27.6
(81.7)		 31.0
(87.8)		 32.0
(89.6)		 31.2
(88.2)		 26.8
(80.2)		 19.5
(67.1)		 10.6
(51.1)		 4.0
(39.2)		 18.9
(66.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.7
(27.1)		 0.6
(33.1)		 7.4
(45.3)		 15.1
(59.2)		 21.2
(70.2)		 25.1
(77.2)		 26.9
(80.4)		 25.9
(78.6)		 20.8
(69.4)		 13.3
(55.9)		 4.9
(40.8)		 −1.1
(30.0)		 13.1
(55.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.1
(19.2)		 −4.3
(24.3)		 1.8
(35.2)		 8.8
(47.8)		 14.8
(58.6)		 19.7
(67.5)		 22.6
(72.7)		 21.6
(70.9)		 15.9
(60.6)		 8.3
(46.9)		 0.3
(32.5)		 −5.2
(22.6)		 8.1
(46.6)
Record low °C (°F) −20.2
(−4.4)		 −15.7
(3.7)		 −10.7
(12.7)		 −2.7
(27.1)		 3.4
(38.1)		 10.5
(50.9)		 15.8
(60.4)		 13.9
(57.0)		 4.0
(39.2)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 −10.8
(12.6)		 −15.7
(3.7)		 −20.2
(−4.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.1
(0.08)		 5.6
(0.22)		 9.6
(0.38)		 21.6
(0.85)		 34.7
(1.37)		 84.8
(3.34)		 209.5
(8.25)		 119.7
(4.71)		 53.3
(2.10)		 27.8
(1.09)		 15.1
(0.59)		 2.5
(0.10)		 586.3
(23.08)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.3 2.3 2.8 4.5 6.1 10.3 13.1 11.0 7.5 5.0 3.0 1.5 68.4
Average snowy days 2.4 2.2 1.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 2.4 9.7
Average relative humidity (%) 43 42 41 43 48 60 72 73 67 62 56 46 54
Mean monthly sunshine hours 183.1 183.6 220.2 233.1 250.5 203.2 170.2 186.9 194.8 188.8 166.0 169.9 2,350.3
Percent possible sunshine 61 60 59 58 56 45 38 44 53 55 56 59 54
Source: China Meteorological Administration[33][34]

Sister cities

Since 1992, Haidian District has signed official papers and established Sister City relationship with 14 cities and districts from 10 countries of 4 continents. Some sister cities are shown below:[35]

South America

North America

Europe

East Asia

Notes

  1. ↑ These towns are officially classified as subdistricts, but as they coincide with the area of the same name, they are commonly named "areas" (地区).

References

  1. ↑ "北京市第七次全国人口普查公告".
  2. ↑ "海淀区第七次全国人口普查公报".
  3. ↑ "北京市海淀区第七次全国人口普查公报" (PDF). Beijing Haidian Bureau Of Statistics. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  4. ↑ University of Texas Perry–Castañeda Library Map Collection: A portion of "Originalkarte der Ebene von Peking und des Gebirkslandes im Westen und Norden der Capitale" from Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer Anstalt uber Wichtige Neue Erforschungen auf dem Gesammtgebiete der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann. Erganzungsband 10, 1876.
  5. ↑ Beijing Haidian District People's Government (7 December 2007), Special Shopping Areas in Haidian District Archived 12 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 19 October 2008. NB: this page only loads correctly in Internet Explorer.
  6. ↑ Tang Yangkai (2008). "Haidian District::Beijing's 'Smart Reservoir'". Beijing Review (7).
  7. ↑ Joshua Cooper Ramo (27 September 1999). "HAIDIAN DISTRICT: China's Silicon Valley, 1999". Time. Vol. 154, no. 12. Archived from the original on 29 January 2001. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  8. ↑ Wang, Wenfei, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan. "Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing" (Archive). Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2002, 43, No. 2, pp. 104-122. Cited page: p. 117.
  9. ↑ Home page in Chinese. China National Space Administration. Retrieved on 26 February 2016. "地址：北京市海淀区阜成路甲8号 邮编:100048"
  10. ↑ Home. State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs. Retrieved on 12 July 2017. "邮编：100873 地址：北京中关村南大街一号5号楼 "
  11. ↑ "解放军军乐厅_中国网". Archived from the original on 31 July 2010.
  12. ↑ 北京区域统计年鉴2018 Archived 25 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine"Regional Yearbook of Beijing, 2018"
  13. ↑ "IR Contacts Archived 26 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine." Baidu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Address: Baidu Campus, No. 10, Shangdi 10th Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085 People's Republic of China."
  14. ↑ "Contact Us." Sohu. Retrieved on 27 December 2010. "Headquarter Office Sohu.com Internet Plaza, No.1 Park, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, PRC ."
  15. ↑ "Sohu.com." CNN Money. Retrieved on 19 August 2009.
  16. ↑ "Contact Us Archived 20 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine." Sinosteel. Retrieved on 18 November 2012. "Sinosteel Plaza,8 Haidian St., Beijing, P.R.China" - See map and directions in English Archived 29 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine - Chinese Archived 6 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine: "中国北京海淀区海淀大街8号中钢国际广场" - See map and directions in Chinese Archived 6 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ 版权声明. Youku. Retrieved 27 December 2010. 北京市海淀区海淀大街8号中钢国际大厦5层
  18. ↑ "Contact Us". Youku. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2010. Beijing 5th Floor, Sinosteel Plaza, 8 Haidian Dajie, Haidian District, Beijing, 100080, China
  19. ↑ "Interim Report 2011" (PDF). Wumart. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2012. ADDRESS OF HEAD OFFICE Wumart Commercial Building 158-1 West 4th Ring North Road Haidian District Beijing P. R. China" "LEGAL ADDRESS IN CHINA Room 5610 1 Shixingdong Street Badachu HighTech Park District Shijingshan District Beijing The PRC
  20. ↑ "Contact Us Archived 12 August 2013 at the Wayback Machine." aigo. Retrieved on 25 July 2013. "aigo Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Add: 10-11th Floor, Ideal Plaza, No.58, West Road, North 4th Ring Road, Beijing, 100080, China" Chinese address Archived 24 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine: "北京市北四环西路58号理想国际大厦11层"
  21. ↑ 联系我们. China Postal Airlines. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012. 北京海淀区增光路55号紫玉写字楼11-14层
  22. ↑ "Home (English)". Sinovac Biotech. Retrieved 6 March 2021. Add: No. 39 Shangdi Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.C. 100085 - Chinese address: "地址：中国· 北京 海淀区上地西路39号北大生物城（100085）"
  23. ↑ "Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd." (Archive) COMAC. Retrieved on 10 January 2014.
  24. ↑ 联系方式 (Contact Us). Official website of Xiaomi (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  25. ↑ "Contact Us". Nuctech Company. Retrieved 2 March 2021. NUCTECH COMPANY LIMITED Address: 2/F Block A, Tongfang Building, Shuangqinglu, Haidian District, Beijing PRC - Address in Chinese: "北京市海淀区双清路同方大厦A座2层"
  26. ↑ "Contact". New Oriental. Retrieved 10 January 2022. No.6 Haidian Zhongjie, Haidian District, Beijing 100080 PRC - Chinese address: "北京市海淀区海淀中街6号新东方大厦9层"
  27. ↑ "Google locations." Google. Retrieved on 25 May 2016. "Google Beijing Tsinghua Science Park Bldg 6 No. 1 Zhongguancun East Road Haidian District"
  28. ↑ "Contact Us". Everbright International. Retrieved 4 March 2019. Flat 1603, Block B, Beijing International Building, No. 18, Nanda Street Jia, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, PRC - Traditional Chinese address: " 北京市海澱區中關村南大街甲18號北京國際大廈B座1603室" - Simplified Chinese address: "北京市海淀区中关村南大街甲18号北京国际大厦B座1603室"
  29. ↑ "联系我们" (Contact Us) (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "北京市教育委员会地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦"
  30. ↑ Home page (Archive). Beijing Municipal Commission of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2014. "地址：海淀区北四环中路267号北京奥运大厦 邮政编码：100083"
  31. ↑ "Location." Beijing Haidian Foreign Language Shi Yan School. Retrieved on 7 June 2014. "Address：No.20, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing,100195 P.R.China" - Address in Chinese Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine: "地址： 北京市海淀区杏石口路20号 邮编： 100195"
  32. ↑ FIB Members Archived 17 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine, read 20 February 2016
  33. ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  34. ↑ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  35. ↑ "BEIJING HAIDIAN Foreign Affairs Office of Haidian District". Archived from the original on 30 June 2013.
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