Two Studies of Julius Hallgarten (1884) by Daniel Huntington, Cooper Hewitt Museum

The Julius Hallgarten Prizes (defunct) were a trio of prestigious art prizes awarded by the National Academy of Design from 1884 to 2008. They recognized outstanding works exhibited in NAD's Annual Exhibition by American painters under age 35. A prize was awarded in each of three classesthe First Hallgarten for the best oil painting in the annual exhibition, the Second Hallgarten for the second-best, and the Third Hallgarten for the third-best. The winners were chosen by a vote of all the artists participating in each year's exhibition, and the prizes were accompanied by a cash award.[1]

Winning a Hallgarten could give a tremendous boost to the career of a young painter. The prizes were held in especially high regard because the winners were selected by one's fellow artists.

The National Academy of Design's annual exhibitions became biennial in 2002.[2] The last Hallgarten Prizes were awarded in 2008.

Julius Hallgarten

The prizes were established through a $12,000 endowment created in 1883 by stockbroker Julius Hallgarten (18401884).[3]

The late Mr. JULIUS HALLGARTEN, of New York, endowed prizes of three hundred, two hundred and one hundred dollars, to be awarded respectively to the painters of the best three pictures in oil colors exhibited at each Annual Exhibition, under the following conditions:
"All works will be considered to be in competition which have been painted in the United States by an American citizen under thirty-five years of age, and which have not before been publicly exhibited in the City or vicinity of New York. No competitor may take two prizes, or a prize of the same class a second time.
"The awards will be made by vote by ballot of all the Exhibitors of the season … Each artist will be entitled to one vote at each ballot, specifying his choice for each one of the three prizes, and each prize will be awarded to the painting receiving the highest number of votes for that prize, but no work will be entitled to the prize unless at least fifty of the exhibitors vote at the ballot, and the work receive one-third of all the votes cast."[1]

Other Hallgarten Prizes

Julius Hallgarten also created an endowment of $5,000 for the National Academy of Design School of Art.[3] Student winners of the Julius Hallgarten School Prize and Alfred N. Hallgarten Traveling Scholarship do not belong on this list.

Painters and works

18841929

Year
Exhibition
Class Artist Work Image Current location Notes
1884
59th
First Louis Moeller Puzzled [4][5]
Second Charles Yardley Turner The Courtship of Miles Standish [6][7]
Third William Bliss Baker Woodland BrookDecline of an Autumn Day Montreal Museum of Fine Arts,
Montreal, Quebec
1885
60th
First Harry Chase New York HarborNorth River Katzen Arts Center,
American University,
Washington D.C
[8]
Ex collection: Corcoran Gallery of Art[9]
Second John Francis Murphy Tints of a Vanished Past [10][11]
Third Dennis Miller Bunker A Bohemian de Young Museum,
San Francisco, California
[12]
1886
61st
First Edward Percy Moran Divided Attention
Second William Anderson Coffin Moonlight in Harvest [13]
Third Irving Ramsay Wiles The Corner Table [14]
Auctioned at Christie's NY, 4 December 2003, Lot 33.[15]
1887
62nd
First Alfred Kappes Buckwheat Cakes Kappes was later disqualified because he was over age
35.[16]
Second Walter Launt Palmer January [17]
Third Dwight William Tryon Landscape: A Lighted Village Freer Gallery of Art,
Washington, D.C.
[18]
Tryon was later disqualified because he was over age
35.[19]
1888
63rd
First George de Forest Brush The Sculptor and the King Portland Art Museum,
Portland, Oregon
[20][21]
Second Henry Rankin Poore Foxhounds [22]
Third Charles Courtney Curran A Breezy Day Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[23][24]
1889
64th
First Robert Van Vorst Sewell Sea Urchins
Second Kenyon Cox November [25]
Third Frank Weston Benson Orpheus [26]
1890
65th
First No award "Although the triple prize the National Academy of
Design has inherited from the late Julius Hallgarten
was not awarded in 1890, neither in 1891, nor in 1892,
hope ever springs in the breasts of exhibitors at the
annual show that they will be awarded after to-day."[27]
Second No award
Third No award
1891
66th
First No award
Second No award
Third No award
1892
67th
First No award
Second No award
Third No award
1893
68th
First Charles Morgan McIlhenny Gray Morning [28]
Second Edward August Bell The Five Dreamers [29]
Third Henry Prellwitz The Prodigal Son [30]
1894
69th
First Edmund Tarbell An Arrangement in Pink and Grey
(Afternoon Tea)
Worcester Art Museum,
Worcester, Massachusetts
[31]
Second Edith Mitchill Hagar and Ishmael [32]
Mitchill and Murphy were the first two women awarded
Hallgarten Prizes.
Third Ada Clifford Murphy That Difficult World
1895
70th
First George Randolph Barse A Tribute to Satyr [33]
Second Charles Courtney Curran The Enchanted Shore [23][34]
Third Francis Day Patience
1896
71st
First Mary Brewster Hazelton In a Studio Hazelton was the first woman awarded a First Hallgarten
Prize.
Second John Henry Hatfield After the Bath
Third Louise Howland King Cox Pomona [35]
1897
72nd
First Wilbur Aaron Reaser Mother and Child
Second Leo Moeller A Patriot at Valley Forge
Third Charles Edward Proctor Grandpa
1898
73rd
First Robert Reid Dawn
Second Harry Roseland An Important Letter [36]
Third Walter C. Hartshorn The Keepsake
1899
74th
First George Henry Bogert September Evening Metropolitan Museum of Art,
New York City
[37][38]
Second Louis Paul Dessar Portrait: Mrs. Ruthrauff [39]
Third Carle John Blenner The Letter
1900
75th
First Louis Paul Dessar Landscape with Sheep [39]
Second E. Irving Couse Along the Quay [40]
Third Walter Granville-Smith The Light of the House [41]
1901
76th
First Walter Elmer Schofield Winter Evening Muriel and Philip Berman Museum of Art,
Ursinus College,
Collegeville, Pennsylvania
[42]:464
Second Clara Taggart MacChesney A Good Story: Portrait of Robert Loftin Newman Smithsonian American Art Museum,
Washington, D.C.
[43]
Third Matilda Browne Repose [42]:106
1902
77th
First E. Irving Couse The Peace Pipe Metropolitan Museum of Art,
New York City
[40][44]
Second Louis Loeb The Mother [45]
Third Will Howe Foote The Blue Vase [46]
1903
78th
First Harry Mills Walcott At the Party [42]:523
Second William Fair Kline Leda and the Swan [47]
Third Belle Havens The Last Load [42]:253
1904
79th
First Charles Webster Hawthorne Girl in Green University of Kentucky Art Museum,
Lexington, Kentucky
[48][49]
Second Louise Howland King Cox The Sisters [35]
Third Samuel Johnson Woolf Finale [42]:553
1905
80th
First F. Luis Mora The Letter [42]:365
Second Gustave Adolph Wiegand Moonrise, Early Spring Brooklyn Museum,
Brooklyn, New York City
[50]
Third Martin Petersen Curiosity Seekers [51]
1906
81st
First No award Dewitt M. Lockman was initially awarded the First
Hallgarten for Partiality, but the artist was disqualified
because he was over age 35.[52]
Second Charles Webster Hawthorne Still Life Swope Art Museum,
Terra Haute, Indiana
[48][53]
Third Clark Voorhees Spring Afternoon [42]:521
1907
82nd
First William Cotton The Princess [54]
Second Hugo Ballin The Three Ages [55]
Third Eleanor C. A. Winslow The Necklace [42]:549
1908
83rd
First Ernest Lawson Ice on the Hudson [56]
Second George Wesley Bellows North River Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[57][58]
Third William Wallace Gilchrist Jr. Daughter and Doll [59]
1909
84th
First Daniel Garber Horses [60]
Second Charles Bittinger After the Ball [61]
Third Ben Ali Haggin Elfrida [62]
1910
85th
First Gifford Beal The Palisades [63]
Second Louis David Vaillant Woodland Play [42]:512
Third Charles Rosen Summer Breeze Bill Memorial Library,
Groton, Connecticut
[64]
1911
86th
First Lillian Genth Depths of the Woods Smithsonian American Art Museum,
Washington, D.C.
[65]
Second Joseph Thurman Pearson Jr. A Group of Geese [65]
Third Leslie Prince Thompson Tea [65]
1912
87th
First Charles Rosen A Rocky Ledge Ex collection: Flint Institute of Arts, Flint, Michigan[66]
Second Everett Warner Along the River Front Toledo Museum of Art,
Toledo, Ohio
[67]
Third Eliot Candee Clark Under the Trees [68][69]
1913
88th
First George Wesley Bellows Little Girl in White (Queenie Burnett) National Gallery of Art,
Washington, D.C.
[57][70]
Second Robert Spencer The Silk Mill [71][72]
Third M. Jean McLane Brother and Sister: Portrait of Virginia and
Stanton Arnold
[42]:339
1914
89th
First Jonas Lie Afterglow Art Institute of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
[73]
Second Rae Sloan Bredin Midsummer [74]
Third Eugene Speicher Portrait of John Nelson Cole, Jr. [75]
1915
90th
First Eugene Speicher Betalo [42]:484
Second Randall Davey Portrait of a Young Lady: Mildred Cowing Art Institute of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
[76][77]
Third Robert H. Nisbet Lingering Summer [42]:384
1916
91st
First Arthur Crisp The Strollers [78]
Second Christine Herter Kendall Study of Light and Shadow [42]:260
Third John Fulton Folinsbee Winter Quiet [79]
1917
92nd
First Howard Everett Smith Portrait of Bela Pratt [80][81]
Second John Fulton Folinsbee Canal in Winter National Arts Club,
New York City
[82]
Third Sidney Edward Dickinson Unrest [83][81]
1918
93rd
First Leopold Seyffert Lacquer Screen Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[84][85]
Second Lazar Raditz Self-Portrait Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[86]
Third Felix Russmann The Black Bottle [42]:452
1919
94th
First Robert Strong Woodward Between the Setting Sun and Rising Moon Purchased by a Hallgarten family member, for $500.[87]
Second Ercole Cartotto Portrait of Miss Marion Ryder [42]:120
Third Dines Carlsen The Jade Bowl [88][89]
1920
95th
First Armin Carl Hansen A Boy with a Cod Los Angeles County Museum of Art,
Los Angeles, California
[90][91]
Second Kentaro Kato Portrait of a Young Woman [42]:296
Third John E. Costigan Group [92]
1921
96th
First Ross Moffett The Old Fisherman [42]:363
Second Felicie Waldo Howell October [93]
Third William Auerbach-Levy Portrait of Michael Brennen [94]
1922
97th
First Aldro Hibbard Late February [95]
Second Robert Philipp Portrait of Himself (Self-Portrait) [42]:422
Third Louis Ritman Sunlit Window Indianapolis Museum of Art,
Indianapolis, Indiana
[96]
1923
98th
First John Fulton Folinsbee By the Upper Lock Smithsonian American Art Museum,
Washington, D.C.
[97]
Second Dines Carlsen The Flemish Tapestry [88][89]
Third Fred Nagler A Naturalist [98]
1924
99th
First Sidney Edward Dickinson Amy [83][99]
Second Douglass Ewell Parshall The Great Surge [100][99]
Third Dorothy Ochtman An Old Brass Kettle [99][101]
1925
100th
First Clarence Raymond Johnson Lumberville Lock [42]:289
Second Stanley W. Woodward Mid-Ocean [102]
Third Jerry Farnsworth Helen [103][42]:195
1926
101st
First Jes Wilhelm Schlaikjer The Pink Cameo [104]
Second Jay Hall Connaway The Giant [105][104]
Third Carl W. Peters View from a Window [104]
1927
102nd
First Antonio Pietro Martino Winter Woodmere Art Museum,
Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
[106][107]
Second Douglas Ewell Parshall The Red Sail [108][100]
Third Jerry Farnsworth Joaquin's Boys [103][108]
1928
103rd
First Carl Lawless In the Mountains [104]
Second Carl W. Peters Around the Bend [104]
Third George Byron Browne Old Iron, Copper, Etc. Destroyed by the artist.[109] First African-American to win a Hallgarten Prize.[42]:105

NAD's website erroneously lists George Elmer Browne
as the winner.[110]
1929
104th
First Ethel "Polly" Thayer Starr Circles [111][112]
Second Arthur Hill Gilbert Old Oak, Monterey [113][112]
Third Malcolm Humphreys Fishing Fleet [112]

19301969

Year
Exhibition
Class Artist Work Image Current location Notes
1930
105th
First Francis Wayland Speight The Day's Work Done [114][115][42]:485
Second Francis Chapin Cedarburg, Saturday Afternoon [116][117]
Third Henry Hensche Tea Time [118]
1931
106th
First Paul Trebilcock Two Women [119][120]
Second Paul Sample Dairy Ranch [121]
Third Carl Woolsey Winter Moonlight [122][123]
1932
107th
First No award [124]
Second Jes Wilhelm Schlaikjer The Little Ones [104]
Third Carl W. Peters Barnyard [104]
1933
108th
First William Newport Goodell Pastoral [125][42]:226
Second Catherine Morris Wright Before the Party [126][42]:554
Third Junius Allen Guinea Docks: Gloucester [127][42]:53
1934
109th
First Ruth Wilcox Bonnets [128]
Second Cathol O'Toole Interior of the Metropolitan [128][129]
Third Joseph Hirsch Masseur Tom Clay Center for the Arts and Sciences,
Charleston, West Virginia
[128][130]
1935
110th
First Cathol O'Toole Conglomeration [129]
Second Ferdinand E. Warren Montauk Lighthouse on Turtle Hill [42]:527
Third Keith Shaw Williams The Red Print [131][132]
1936
111th
First Maurice Blumenfeld Refreshments [133] Blumenfeld was the youngest person ever awarded a
Hallgarten Prize. He was 17, and had studied for only four
months at the Art Students League of New York.[134]
Second Harold Black Express Track [133]
Third Nan Greacen Some Things on a Table [135][133]
1937
112th
First Antonio Pietro Martino Cathedral [136][106]
Second Maurice Abramson Still Life [136]
Third Tosca Olinsky Flowers [136]
1938
113th
First Clyde Singer Barn Dance [137][138][139][140]
Second Ogden Pleissner South Pass City (Wyoming Ghost Town) [141][138]
Third Robert Edward Weaver Wagon 97 [142][138]
1939 No awards No Annual Exhibition due to the 1939 New York World's Fair
1940
114th
First Verona Burkhard Kinzer's Place [42]:111
Second Nicholas U. Comito Fig Leaves and Fruit [143]
Third Soss Melik His Library [42]:356
1941
115th
First Stokely Webster In the Park [42]:531
Second Henrik Mayer Halloween Carnival [144][42]:350
Third Paul C. Burns Suburban Mail [42]:112
1942
116th
First Hananiah Harari Man's Boudoir [42]:246
Second Seymour Fox Fish House: Interior [42]:208
Third Stephen McNeeley Girl Writing [42]:355
1943
117th
First Greta Matson Pat [42]:349
Second Henry Martin Gasser Rocky Neck or Frog Hollow [145] Gasser exhibited 2 paintings, but Falk does not specify
which won the Second Hallgarten.[42]:218
Third Tosca Olinsky Still Life [146]
1944
118th
First Louis di Valentin Ladies Invited [147]
Second Peter G. Cook Weeds and Corn [148][149][150]
Third Paul Lewis Clemens Ruth with Cat [42]:134
March 1945
119th
First No award "As it developed, the three Hallgarten prizes, allocable to
artists under 35, were omitted 'because of the war and lack
of competition'."[151]

Following severe criticism, NAD mounted a second Annual
Exhibition in December 1945.[42]:13
Second No award
Third No award
December 1945
120th
First Priscilla W. Roberts The Unmade Bed [42]:442
Second John Pike Village Green [42]:413
Third Rudolph Pen Summer Landscape [42]:405
1946
121st
First No award "For lack of suitable objects a total of $1,075 was withheld
this year in the form of three Hallgarten Prizes for artists
under thirty-five, the Truman Prize for a landscapist in the
same age bracket, and the Palmer Memorial Prize for best
marine."[152]
Second No award
Third No award
1947
122nd
First No award "The three Julius Hallgarten Prizes, the S. J. Wallace
Truman Prize and the Edwin Palmer Memorial Prize were
not awarded."[153]
Second No award
Third No award
1948
123rd
First Martin Jackson Tintype [154]
Second Jacob Arkush Leona [154]
Third Ruth Ray Navajo Land [155][154][156]
1949
124th
First Priscilla W. Roberts Bird and Rose [42]:442
Second Gigi Ford Pucci Clotheslines [42]:426
Third John P. Wheat Road to Golgotha [157][42]:535
1950
125th
First Sperry Andrews Ballet Dancer [42]:56
Second Richard Bové New York Scene [42]:93
Third Joseph L. Lasker Phoenix [158][159]:205
1951
126th
First Ethel Magafan [160][159]:210
Second Will Lamm
Third Leonard?
1952
127th
First
Second
Third
1953
128th
First
Second
Third Jules Kirschenbaum [161][156]
1954
129th
First Paul W. Zimmerman [162][163]
Second
Third Keith Finch [156]
1955
130th
First Joseph L. Lasker [158][157]
Second Glenn Bradshaw [164]
Third
1956
131st
First
Second
Third
1957
132nd
First Colleen Browning, won one of the 1957 prizes[165][166]
Second
Third
1958
133rd
First
Second
Third
1959
134th
First
Second
Third
1960
135th
First David Levine won one of 1960 prizes[167][168]
Second
Third
1961
136th
First Paul Resika won one of the 1961 prizes[169][170]
Second
Third
1962
137th
First Bruce Dorfman won one of the 1962 prizes[171]
Second
Third
1963
138th
First Auseklis Ozols won one of the 1963 prizes[172]
Second
Third
1964
139th
First Philip Butler White won one of the 1964 prizes[173]
Auseklis Ozols won one of the 1964 prizes[172]
Second
Third
1965
140th
First
Second
Third
1966
141st
First
Second
Third
1967
142nd
First Philip Butler White won one of the 1967 prizes[173]
Second
Third
1968
143rd
First Philip Butler White won either a 1968 Hallgarten or Clarke
Prize[173] (conflicting sources)
Second
Third
1969
144th
First
Second
Third

19702008

Year
Exhibition
Class Artist Work Image Current location Notes
1970
145th
First
Second
Third
1971
146th
First Charles Reid won one of the 1971 prizes[174][175]
Second
Third
1972
147th
First Larry Francis, PAFA instructor, won one of the 1972 prizes[176]
Paul Wiesenfeld won one of the 1972 prizes.[177]
Second
Third
1973
148th
First Jerome Witkin [178]
Second
Third
1974
149th
First Saul Chase won one of the 1974 prizes[179]
Second
Third
1975
150th
First Gary T. Erbe won one of the 1975 prizes[180]
Second
Third
1976
151st
First Charles Pfahl [181]
Second
Third
1977
152nd
First Saul Chase won one of the 1977 prizes.[179]
Second
Third
1978
153rd
First
Second
Third
1979
154th
First
Second
Third
1980
155th
First
Second
Third
1981
156th
First Phyllis Herfield won one of the 1981 prizes
Second
Third
1982
157th
First Richard Pantell won one of the 1982 prizes[182]
Gilbert Riou won one of the 1982 prizes
Charles Pfahl won one of the 1982 prizes
Second
Third
1983
158th
First
Second
Third
1984
159th
First
Second
Third
1985
160th
First
Second
Third
1986
161st
First Thomas E. Dooley won one of the 1986 prizes for Gone to Supper
Second
Third
1987
162nd
First
Second
Third
1988
163rd
First Valeri Larko won one of the 1988 prizes[183]
Henry Finkelstein won one of the 1988 prizes[184]
Alice Zinnes won one of the 1988 prizes[185]
Second
Third
1989
164th
First
Second
Third
1990
165th
First Alice Zinnes won one of the 1990 prizes[185]
Second
Third
1991
166th
First
Second
Third
1992
167th
First Valeri Larko won one of the 1992 prizes[183]
Andrew S. Conklin won one of the 1992 prizes[186]
Jerry Weiss won one of the 1992 prizes[187]
Second
Third
1993
168th
First
Second
Third
1994
169th
First Christian Vincent [188]
Second
Third
1995
170th
First
Second
Third
1996
171st
First Eran Reshef won one of the 1996 prizes[189]
Second
Third
1997
172nd
First
Second
Third
1998
173rd
First Eric Aho won one of the 1998 prizes[190]
Second
Third
1999
174th
First
Second
Third
2000
175th
First
Second
Third
2001
176th
First
Second
Third
2002
177th
First Beginning in 2002, NAD's annual exhibitions became biennial,
with Hallgarten Prizes awarded only in even years. "Invitational"
exhibitions were mounted in odd years.[2]
Second
Third
2003
178th
No awards Invitational Exhibition
2004
179th
First
Second
Third
2005
180th
No awards Invitational Exhibition
2006
181st
First Rachael Wren won one of the 2006 prizes[191][192]
Cynthia Sobel won one of the 2006 prizes.[193]
Second
Third
2007
182nd
No awards Invitational Exhibition
2008
183rd
First Beau Chamberlain (b. 1976) won one of the 2008 prizes.[194]
Second
Third
2009
184th
No awards Invitational Exhibition[2]

References

  1. 1 2 National Academy Notes, including the Complete Catalogue of the Spring Exhibition, No. 5, (National Academy of Design, 1885), pp. 8-9.
  2. 1 2 3 Karen Rosenberg, "Of the Academy, by and for Academicians," The New York Times, May 14, 2009.
  3. 1 2 "Julius Hallgarten," The Art Union, vol. 1 (February 1, 1884), p. 35.
  4. Louis Henry Charles Moeller, from NAD.
  5. Puzzled, from SIRIS.
  6. Charles Yardley Turner, from NAD.
  7. Courtship of Miles Standish, from SIRIS.
  8. Harry Chase, from NAD.
  9. "The Harbor of New York," Catalogue of the Paintings in the Corcoran Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C.: Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1917), p. 30.
  10. John Francis Murphy, from NAD.
  11. Tints of a Vanished Past, from SIRIS.
  12. A Bohemian, from Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.
  13. William Anderson Coffin, from NAD.
  14. Irving Ramsay Wiles, from NAD.
  15. The Corner Table, from Christie's.
  16. Alfred Kappes, from NAD.
  17. Walter Launt Palmer, from NAD.
  18. A Lighted Village, from Amazon.com.
  19. Dwight William Tryon, from NAD.
  20. George de Forest Brush, from NAD.
  21. The Sculptor and the King, from SIRIS.
  22. Henry Rankin Poore, from NAD.
  23. 1 2 Charles Courtney Curran, from NAD.
  24. A Breezy Day, from PAFA.
  25. Kenyon Cox, from NAD.
  26. Frank Weston Benson, from NAD
  27. "They Shall Vote Prizes," The New York Times, April 19, 1893, p. 12.
  28. Charles Morgan McIlhenny, from NAD.
  29. Edward August Bell, from NAD.
  30. The Prodigal Son, from SIRIS.
  31. Edmund Charles Tarbell, from NAD.
  32. Edith Mitchill Prellwitz, from NAD.
  33. George Randolph Barse Jr., from NAD.
  34. Enchanted Shore, from SIRIS.
  35. 1 2 Louise Howland King Cox, from NAD.
  36. An Important Letter, from SIRIS.
  37. George H. Bogert, from NAD.
  38. September Evening, from MMA.
  39. 1 2 Louis Paul Dessar, from NAD.
  40. 1 2 Eanger Irving Couse, from NAD.
  41. Walter Granville-Smith, from NAD.
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Peter Hastings Falk, ed., The Exhibition Record of the National Academy of Design, 19011950 (Madison, CT: Sound View Press, 1990).
  43. A Good Story, from SIRIS.
  44. The Peace Pipe, from MMA.
  45. Louis Loeb, from NAD.
  46. Will Howe Foote, from NAD.
  47. William Fair Kline, from NAD.
  48. 1 2 Charles Webster Hawthorne, from NAD.
  49. Girl in a Green Dress, from SIRIS.
  50. Landscape, Moonrise, from SIRIS.
  51. Martin Petersen, from NAD.
  52. "Some Good Work at the Academy," Public Opinion, January 6, 1906, p. 21.
  53. Still Life, from SIRIS.
  54. William Henry Cotton, from NAD.
  55. Hugo Ballin, from NAD.
  56. Valerie Ann Leeds, Ernest Lawson (Gerald Peters Gallery, 2000), p. 22.
  57. 1 2 George Wesley Bellows, from NAD.
  58. North River, from PAFA.
  59. William David Barry, William Wallace Gilchrist, Jr. (Woodmere Art Museum, 1985), p. 4.
  60. Horses, from SIRIS.
  61. Charles Bittinger, from NAD.
  62. James Ben Ali Haggin, from NAD.
  63. Gifford Reynolds Beal, from NAD.
  64. Summer Breeze, from SIRIS.
  65. 1 2 3 "The Academy Exhibition," The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, March 13, 1911, p. 4.
  66. A Rocky Ledge, from SIRIS.
  67. Along the River Front, New York, from Toledo Museum of Art.
  68. Eliot Candee Clark, from NAD.
  69. Eliot Candee Clark Papers, from Syracuse University.
  70. Little Girl in White, from NGA.
  71. Robert C. Spencer, from NAD.
  72. The Silk Mill, from SIRIS.
  73. Afterglow, from SIRIS.
  74. Rae Sloan Bredin, from NAD.
  75. John Nelson Cole Jr., from SIRIS.
  76. Randall Vernon Davey, from NAD.
  77. Young Lady, from SIRIS.
  78. Arthur Watkins Crisp, from NAD.
  79. Winter Quiet, from John F. Folinsbee Catalogue Raisonné.
  80. Howard Everett Smith, from NAD.
  81. 1 2 The New International Year Book (1918), p. 516.
  82. Canal in Winter, from John F. Folinsbee Catalogue Raisonné.
  83. 1 2 Sidney Edward Dickinson, from NAD.
  84. Leopold Gould Seyffert, from NAD.
  85. Lacquer Screen, from PAFA.
  86. Self-Portrait (Raditz), from PAFA.
  87. The Hallgarten Prize, from RobertStrongWoodward.com
  88. 1 2 Dines Carlsen, from NAD.
  89. 1 2 "CARLSEN, Dines (1901-1966)," from M. Ford Creech Antiques.
  90. A Boy with a Cod, from SIRIS.
  91. Boy with a Cod, from LACMA.
  92. John Edward Costigan, from NAD.
  93. Jules & Nancy G. Heller, ed., "Howell, Felicie Waldo (18971968)," North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary (Routledge Publishing, 2013), p. 284.
  94. William Auerbach-Levy, from NAD.
  95. Aldro Thompson Hibbard, from NAD.
  96. Sunlit Window, from Indianapolis Museum of Art.
  97. By the Upper Lock, from John F. Folinsbee Catalogue Raisonné.
  98. El Palacio (magazine), vol 14, no. 11 (June 1, 1923), p. 171.
  99. 1 2 3 American Art Annual, Volume 21 (1925), p. 561.
  100. 1 2 Douglas Ewell Parshall, from NAD.
  101. Dorothy Ochtman, from Guggenheim Foundation.
  102. Good Furniture and Decoration, vol. 24 (1925), p. 285.
  103. 1 2 Jerry Farnsworth, from NAD.
  104. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Love, Richard H.; Peters, Carl William (1999). Carl W. Peters: American Scene Painter from Rochester to Rockport. ISBN 9781580460248.
  105. Jay Hall Connaway, from NAD.
  106. 1 2 Antonio Pietro Martino, from NAD.
  107. Winter, from Woodmere Art Museum.
  108. 1 2 Magazine of Art, vol. 18 (1927), p. 251.
  109. "Byron Browne (19071961)," from Sullivan Goss Gallery.
  110. George Elmer Browne, from NAD.
  111. Gail McCarthy, "Artistic Centarian Celebrated," Gloucester Daily Times, October 26, 2017.
  112. 1 2 3 The New International Year Book (1930), p. 66.
  113. Arthur Hill Gilbert, from NAD.
  114. "Francis Speight," from U.S. Department of State.
  115. Day's Work Done, from SIRIS.
  116. Francis Chapin, from NAD.
  117. American Association of Museums, Museum News, vol. 8 (1930), p. 4.
  118. Arts Magazine, vol. 5 (1930), p. 6.
  119. Paul Trebilcock, from NAD.
  120. The American Magazine of Art, Volume 23 (1931), p. 349.
  121. Dairy Ranch, from SIRIS.
  122. "Moonlit Ruin of a Pueblo under Snow Shown in Woolsey's Winning Work," The Indianapolis Star, March 29, 1931, p. 28.
  123. The Brooklyn Eagle, March 22, 1931, p. 62
  124. "First Hallgarten Not Awarded," The Brooklyn Eagle, March 27, 1932, p. 58.
  125. American Art Annual, vol. 30 (1933), p. 219.
  126. Who Was Who in America, Volume 13 (Marquis, 2000), p. 303.
  127. Junius Allen, from NAD.
  128. 1 2 3 American Art Annual (1934), p. 289.
  129. 1 2 "Work of Grand View Artist Draws Rockland Audience," The Journal News (White Plains, NY), August 20, 1946, p. 2.
  130. Masseur Tom, from Clay Center.
  131. Lois Whisler, "National Academy Shakes Hand with Modernists," The Arizona Daily Star, April 7, 1935, p. 16.
  132. Keith Shaw Williams, from SIRIS.
  133. 1 2 3 Studio International, vol. 111 (1936), p. 359.
  134. "Two Academy Surprises," The Art Digest, April 1, 1936, p. 6.
  135. Nan Greacen, from NAD.
  136. 1 2 3 Magazine of Art, vol. 30 (1937), p. 256.
  137. Clyde Singer, from Akron Art Museum.
  138. 1 2 3 "The Academy's 113TH," The New York Times, March 20, 1938, p. X9.
  139. Barn Dance, from SIRIS.
  140. Barn Dance, from Incollect.
  141. South Pass City, from Smithsonian Learning Lab.
  142. Wagon 97, from Robert-Edward-Weaver.com
  143. Nicholas U. Comito, from Donald Art Company Collection.
  144. Henrik Martin Mayer, from NAD.
  145. "Gasser Water Color Exhibit Here," Anderson Herald Bulletin (Indiana), October 13, 1953, p. 3.
  146. "National Academy Annual," The New York Times, February 21, 1943, p. X11.
  147. "The Two Academies," The New York Times, April 2, 1944, p. X7.
  148. Peter Geoffrey Cook, from NAD.
  149. Memorial: Peter G. Cook, '37, Princeton Alumni Weekly.
  150. Peter G. Cook, from Michener Museum of Art.
  151. "The Academy Opens Its Annual Against A Background of 'Modern' Shows," The New York Times, March 18, 1945, p. X8.
  152. Art News (Artnews Associates, 1946), p. 30.
  153. "Philip Guston Wins $1,299 Art Award," The New York Times, January 3, 1947, p. L19.
  154. 1 2 3 Arts Magazine, vol. 23 (1948), p. 11.
  155. Ruth Ray, from NAD.
  156. 1 2 3 Contemporary American Painting and Sculpture (University of Illinois, 1959).
  157. 1 2 Anne Commire, Something about the Author, Volume 9 (Gale Publishing, 1976), p. 131.
  158. 1 2 Joseph Lasker, from NAD.
  159. 1 2 University of Illinois Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting (Urbana, IL: 1952).
  160. Ethel Magafan, from NAD.
  161. Jules Kirschenbaum, from NAD.
  162. Paul W. Zimmerman, from NAD.
  163. Paul Zimmerman, from Papillon Gallery.
  164. Glenn Bradshaw, from Cinema Gallery.
  165. Colleen Browning, from NAD.
  166. "Colleen Browning, Realist Illusionist," (PDF) from ColleenBrowning.
  167. David Levine, from Forum Galleries.
  168. David Levine, from NAD.
  169. Paul Resika, from NAD.
  170. Paul Resika Bio, from AlphaGallery.com
  171. Awards, from BruceDorfman.com.
  172. 1 2 Auseklis Ozols, from 64Parishes.
  173. 1 2 3 Exhibits and Competitions, from PhilipButlerWhite.com.
  174. Charles Reid, from NAD.
  175. The Southwest Watercolor Society Scene, March 1975, p. 1.PDF
  176. Larry Francis, from PAFA.
  177. "Paul Wiesenfeld: Bio".
  178. Sherry Chayat (16 February 2006). Life Lessons: The Art of Jerome Witkin. p. 109. ISBN 9780815608462.
  179. 1 2 Saul Chase Bio, from SaulChase.com.
  180. Resume, from GaryErbe.com.
  181. Charles Pfahl bio, from CharlesPfahl.com.
  182. Richard Pantell, from BearsvilleGraphics.
  183. 1 2 Resume, from ValeriLarko.com.
  184. Henry Finkelstein, C.V. (PDF) from HenryFinkelstein.com.
  185. 1 2 Alice Zinnes, from BricArtsMedia.
  186. Andrew S. Conklin, from Harrington College of Design.
  187. Jerry Weiss, from Art Students League.
  188. Christian Vincent, from ArtOdyssey.
  189. Eran Reshef, from Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
  190. Biography, from EricAho.com.
  191. Rachael Wren, from Wondereur.
  192. Rachael Wren, from The Painting Center.
  193. Biography from CynthiaSobel.com.
  194. Beau Chamberlain (PDF) from Winston Wachter gallery.
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