Jabal Haraz
A building with terraces overlooks the side of one of the Haraz Mountains
Highest point
Elevation3,000 m (9,800 ft)
Coordinates15°10′00″N 43°45′00″E / 15.1667°N 43.7500°E / 15.1667; 43.7500
Naming
Native nameJabal Ḥarāz (جَبَل حَرَاز)
Geography
Jabal Haraz is located in Yemen
Jabal Haraz
Jabal Haraz
Jabal Haraz is located in Middle East
Jabal Haraz
Jabal Haraz
Jabal Haraz is located in Asia
Jabal Haraz
Jabal Haraz
Country Yemen
RegionSouth Arabia
Official nameJabal Haraz
CriteriaMixed
Designated2002 (43rd session)
Reference no.1722
RegionArab States

Jabal Haraz (Arabic: جَبَل حَرَاز, romanized: Jabal Ḥarāz) is a mountainous region of Yemen, between Sanaa and Al-Hudaydah, which is considered to be within the Sarat range.[1] In the 11th century, it was the stronghold of the Sulaihid dynasty, many of whose buildings still survive today.[2] It includes Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb, the highest mountain in Yemen and the Arabian Peninsula.[3]

History and location

Because of its location between the Tihamah coastal plain and Sanaa, this mountainous area has always been strategically important. A caravan stopping point during the Himyarite Kingdom, the Haraz was later the stronghold of the Sulayhid dynasty, which was established in Yemen in 1037. Then and subsequently the population have been Ism'aili Shi'ite Muslims.

Haraz is as famous for its fortified villages which cling to nearly inaccessible rocky peaks. Their imposing architecture meets two needs: defending the villagers, while leaving plenty of space for crops. Each town is built like a castle; the houses, themselves, form the wall, equipped with one or two easily defensible doors. Constructed from sandstone and basalt, the buildings are integrated into the landscape and it is difficult to tell where the rock and the village begins or ends. The mountain is divided into terraces of a few acres or more, separated by walls sometimes several meters high. On these terraced fields grow alfalfa for livestock, millet, lentils, large areas for coffee and qat. It is one of the main growing areas of Mocha coffee beans.

Within a day's journey are Bani Murrah and other villages located on the ridge overlooking Manakhah. Manakhah is the heart of mountain range, a large town whose market attracts villagers from the entire neighbourhood. Al Hajjara, to the west of Manakhah, is a walled village whose citadel was founded in the 12th century by the Sulayhids. From there, other villages are accessible, such as Bayt al-Qamus and Bayt Shimran. The village of Hutaib is built on a platform of red sandstone, facing a view of terraced hills which host a score of villages. Here also is the mausoleum of the third Yemeni Da'i al-Mutlaq Hatim ibn Ibrahim. Bohras from India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and other countries gather here.

World Heritage Status

This area was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on July 8, 2002, in the mixed (cultural and natural) category, as a site that has "outstanding universal value".[2]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Cook, John; Farmer, G. Thomas (2013-01-12). "VI: Land and Its Climates". Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis. Vol. 1 – The Physical Climate. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 334. ISBN 978-9-4007-5757-8.
  2. 1 2 "Jabal Haraz". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2002-07-08. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  3. ↑ McLaughlin, Daniel (2008). "1: Background". Yemen. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-8416-2212-5.
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