Hay River
Xátł'odehchee
Xatlodehchee
Town
The High Rise dominates the skyline
The High Rise dominates the skyline
Motto: 
Hub of the North
Hay River is located in Northwest Territories
Hay River
Hay River
Hay River is located in Canada
Hay River
Hay River
Coordinates: 60°48′35″N 115°47′23″W / 60.80972°N 115.78972°W / 60.80972; -115.78972[1]
CountryCanada
TerritoryNorthwest Territories
RegionSouth Slave Region
ConstituencyHay River North
Hay River South
Census divisionRegion 5
Incorporated (town)27 June 1963
Government
 • MayorKandis Jameson [3]
 • Senior Administrative OfficerGlenn Smith
 • MLAVince McKay (South)
 • MLAR.J. Simpson (North)
Area
[4]
 • Land122.4 km2 (47.3 sq mi)
 • Population centre[5]3.16 km2 (1.22 sq mi)
Elevation
165 m (541 ft)
Population
 (2021)[4]
 • Total3,169
 • Density25.9/km2 (67/sq mi)
 • Population centre
[5]
2,380
 • Population centre density752.8/km2 (1,950/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)
Canadian Postal code
X0E 0R0 – 0R9/1G1 – 1G5
Area code867
Telephone exchange874/5
– Living cost132.5A
– Food price index121.3B
ClimateDfc
Websitewww.hayriver.com
Sources:
Department of Municipal and Community Affairs,[6]
Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre,[7]
Canada Flight Supplement[8]
^A 2013 figure based on Edmonton = 100[9]
^B 2015 figure based on Yellowknife = 100[9]

Hay River (South Slavey: Xátł’odehchee [xátɬ’otɛhtʃʰe]),[7] known as "the Hub of the North",[10] is a town in the Northwest Territories, Canada, located on the south shore of Great Slave Lake, at the mouth of the Hay River. The town is separated into two sections, a new town and an old town with the Hay River/Merlyn Carter Airport between them. The town is in the South Slave Region, and along with Fort Smith, the town is home to one of the two regional offices.[11]

History

Hay River on Great Slave Lake
Hay River connection to the Arctic Ocean

The area has been in use by First Nations, known as the Long Spear people, as far back as 7000 BC.[12]

According to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories the first buildings were those of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1868 followed by a Roman Catholic Mission in 1869 and an Anglican Mission in 1894.[12]

However, according to the history of the area provided by the town, the first permanent settlement in the area of Hay River was established in what is now the Katl'odeeche First Nation or Hay River Reserve. This was sometime between 1892 and 1893. This first settlement was established by Chief Chiatlo and a group of people by the building of log cabins and bringing dairy cows. This was followed in 1893 by the Anglican Mission, at the request of Chief Chiatlo in 1893 with the Roman Catholic Mission and the Hudson's Bay Company arriving later.[10]

A school, health centre and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police followed, and as part of the Canol Road project the United States Army Corps of Engineers built a runway on Vale Island in the Hay River delta. In 1948 the Government of Canada built a gravel road, now the Mackenzie Highway, from Grimshaw, Alberta to Hay River, making it the first community in the NWT to be linked with southern Canada.[10] The settlement's role as terminus of all-season trucking, and the establishment of a commercial fishing industry, started an economic boom. In 1949, the community organized its first community government, forming an Administrative District under the direction of the Government of Canada, run by a trustee board with two elected members, two appointed members, and a chairman.[13]

In 1959, the Northern Transportation Company Limited located their main base in Hay River and over the years developed the facilities. Today the base is the major staging point for the annual sealift along the Mackenzie River, via Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk and the communities of the Arctic Ocean, as far east as Taloyoak, Nunavut and west to Utqiagvik, Alaska.[10][14]

In 1964, Vale Island, the historical location of the town, was severely flooded. As a response, the town was moved to the new location upstream.[15]

By 1964, as part of the Pine Point Mine development, the Mackenzie Northern Railway was constructed.[16] The railway, through Canadian National Railway in Edmonton, makes Hay River the northernmost point in Canada, and all of North America, which is connected to the continental railway system.[10][14] The Alaska Railroad is located farther north but is orphaned from the network.

In 1978, Hay River, along with the now-abandoned Pine Point, hosted the fifth Arctic Winter Games.

In 2022, the town suffered flooding caused by ice breakup on the Hay River, resulting in an evacuation order for the entire community.[17][18] Ice jams built up in two channels, and combined with a wide-ranging storm system, and already waterlogged ground resulted in a larger than normal flood.[19] Hay River also flooded in 1963,[17] 2008, 2009, and 2020.[20]

On 25 August 2023 the entire town population was ordered to evacuate by the government of the Northwest Territories due to the 2023 Canadian wildfires.[21]

Services

The community has a full hospital, the H.H. Williams Memorial Hospital, a woman's shelter/transition house, a dental clinic and an ambulance service.[22][23] The RCMP detachment has eight members and the South Mackenzie Correctional Centre is located here.[22][24] There are two grocery stores in Hay River, including the Northern Store, branches of both the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and the Royal Bank of Canada and a Home Hardware.[22][23] There is also a museum detailing the history of Hay River and the Hudson's Bay Company in Old Town.

Airlines servicing Hay River include the locally based Buffalo Airways, who provide scheduled flights to Yellowknife as well as charter services and a courier service throughout the north.[25][26] First Air provides scheduled services to Yellowknife with connections elsewhere.[27] Northwestern Air also offers scheduled service to Edmonton and Fort Smith. Other companies offering charter services in Hay River include Landa Air, Carter Air Services (fixed-wing aircraft), Denendeh Helicopters and Remote Helicopters.[28]

Religious services include a Catholic church, an Anglican/Grace United church, a Baptist church, a Pentecostal church, and a Community Fellowship within New Town. There is also a Jehovah's Witness Kingdom Hall along the highway coming into town. On the Katl'odeeche First Nations Reserve there are a small Catholic church, and a larger Pentecostal church. There is also an Anglican church that was destroyed in the 2008 Hay River ice breakup. The religious diversity in Hay River exceeds the outward appearance given by these services.

Education

Diamond Jenness Secondary School

The town hosts four schools, three of which are administered by South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC). The SSDEC is responsible for Harry Camsell K-3 School, Princess Alexandra Middle School, and Diamond Jenness Secondary School, while École Boréale Francophone school is administered separately by the Commission scolaire francophone des Territoires du Nord-Ouest.[29] Harry Camsell is a primary school and serves students from kindergarten to Grade 3.[30] Princess Alexandra, named for and opened by Princess Alexandra in 1967,[31] is a middle school and serves the Grade 4 to the Grade 7.[32] École Boréale is a francophone school that was opened in 2005 and works with students from PK4 to grade 12. Diamond Jenness, named for scientist and anthropologist Diamond Jenness and opened in 1973,[33] is the high school and serves Grade 8 to Grade 12.[34] The town also supports a Community Learning Centre and a Career Centre.[22]

Media

Church in Hay River
Dog sledding at the Hay River Winter Carnival

Radio

Frequency Call sign Branding Format Owner Notes
FM 93.7 CBDJ-FM CBC Radio One Talk radio, public radio Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Rebroadcaster of CFYK-FM (Yellowknife)
FM 100.1 CJCD-FM-1 100.1 True North FM Adult contemporary Vista Broadcast Group Rebroadcaster of CJCD-FM (Yellowknife)
FM 101.9 CHRR-FM CKLB Radio: The Voice of Denendeh Community radio Native Communications Society of the Northwest Territories First Nations community radio; rebroadcaster of CKLB-FM (Yellowknife)
FM 107.3 CKHR-FM Hay River Community Radio Community radio Hay River Community Service Society

CKHR-FM 107.3 is a community radio station in Hay River, and the only station in Hay River to maintain local studios; it is owned and operated by the Hay River Community Service Society. Other radio stations in Hay River are repeaters of stations based in Yellowknife.[28]

Television

The Hay River Community Service Society also controls television broadcasting and it is paid for through property taxes, at a rate of $36 per household per year.[35] Channels 2–5, 7, and 8–13 rebroadcast Canadian and US channels in analog format from towers atop the Mackenzie Place highrise. Transmitter powers range from 9W to 2.545 kW. Channels include CIHC-TV channel 5, a community channel; CH4435 channel 8, rebroadcasting Radio-Canada through CBFT Montreal; and CH4160 channel 12, repeating the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network; among other channels. The local CBC-owned CBC North television repeater, CBEBT-1 channel 7, closed on 31 July 2012;[36] however, the Hay River Community Service Society announced that it acquired the transmitter, which they intended to use for CBC Television service.[35]

Print

The Hub is a weekly newspaper published by Northern News Services. The editor is Sarah Ladik.[37] Besides Hay River, the paper is available in Yellowknife, Enterprise, Fort Smith, Inuvik, Fort Providence, Fort Resolution and Grande Prairie.[38]

Communications

Internet services are provided by SSI Micro and NorthwesTel,[39] land based telephone by Northwestel and cell phones by NMI Mobility.[23][28]

Climate

Hay River has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with summer lasting for about three months. Although winter temperatures are usually below freezing, every month of the year has seen temperatures above 10 °C (50 °F). Rainfall, which can occur throughout the year, averages 217.4 mm (8.56 in) and snowfall 138.9 cm (54.7 in). From December to January on average there are 71.8 days when the wind chill is below −30, which indicates that frostbite may occur within 10 – 30 minutes.[40][41]

The highest temperature ever recorded in Hay River was 36.7 °C (98.1 °F) on 9 August 1981.[41] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −52.2 °C (−62.0 °F) on 23 January 1906.[42]

Climate data for Hay River (Hay River/Merlyn Carter Airport)
WMO ID: 71935; coordinates 60°50′23″N 115°46′58″W / 60.83972°N 115.78278°W / 60.83972; -115.78278 (Hay River/Merlyn Carter Airport); elevation: 164.9 m (541 ft); 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1893–present[lower-alpha 1]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex 10.6 12.9 14.6 25.8 31.1 35.1 44.6 39.8 32.2 25.4 12.8 11.2 44.6
Record high °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3)		 13.9
(57.0)		 15.6
(60.1)		 26.0
(78.8)		 33.3
(91.9)		 34.0
(93.2)		 35.6
(96.1)		 36.7
(98.1)		 31.7
(89.1)		 25.6
(78.1)		 15.0
(59.0)		 14.4
(57.9)		 36.7
(98.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −17.3
(0.9)		 −14.2
(6.4)		 −7.8
(18.0)		 2.9
(37.2)		 10.7
(51.3)		 18.0
(64.4)		 21.2
(70.2)		 19.6
(67.3)		 13.2
(55.8)		 4.1
(39.4)		 −7.7
(18.1)		 −14.4
(6.1)		 2.4
(36.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −21.8
(−7.2)		 −19.6
(−3.3)		 −13.8
(7.2)		 −2.7
(27.1)		 5.4
(41.7)		 12.5
(54.5)		 16.1
(61.0)		 14.6
(58.3)		 8.7
(47.7)		 0.5
(32.9)		 −11.6
(11.1)		 −18.8
(−1.8)		 −2.5
(27.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −26.2
(−15.2)		 −24.9
(−12.8)		 −19.8
(−3.6)		 −8.1
(17.4)		 0.0
(32.0)		 7.0
(44.6)		 10.9
(51.6)		 9.5
(49.1)		 4.1
(39.4)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 −15.4
(4.3)		 −23.1
(−9.6)		 −7.4
(18.7)
Record low °C (°F) −52.2
(−62.0)		 −50.6
(−59.1)		 −47.2
(−53.0)		 −40.0
(−40.0)		 −24.4
(−11.9)		 −6.1
(21.0)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 −6.7
(19.9)		 −15.6
(3.9)		 −26.1
(−15.0)		 −40.8
(−41.4)		 −51.1
(−60.0)		 −52.2
(−62.0)
Record low wind chill −59 −60 −55 −48 −27 −7 0 0 −17 −34 −54 −56 −60
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.4
(0.65)		 14.3
(0.56)		 14.4
(0.57)		 12.6
(0.50)		 23.3
(0.92)		 31.9
(1.26)		 43.0
(1.69)		 58.7
(2.31)		 44.6
(1.76)		 35.7
(1.41)		 24.8
(0.98)		 16.8
(0.66)		 336.4
(13.24)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.1
(0.00)		 0.2
(0.01)		 0.2
(0.01)		 4.3
(0.17)		 18.0
(0.71)		 31.9
(1.26)		 43.0
(1.69)		 58.7
(2.31)		 43.0
(1.69)		 16.8
(0.66)		 0.9
(0.04)		 0.3
(0.01)		 217.4
(8.56)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 19.2
(7.6)		 16.9
(6.7)		 16.4
(6.5)		 8.7
(3.4)		 5.2
(2.0)		 0.1
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 1.5
(0.6)		 19.9
(7.8)		 30.4
(12.0)		 20.7
(8.1)		 138.9
(54.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 11.3 9.7 8.5 5.0 8.0 8.8 9.9 11.3 12.2 12.6 14.2 11.4 122.8
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.1 0.2 0.2 2.0 6.7 8.8 9.9 11.3 11.9 6.2 1.0 0.6 58.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 12.0 10.1 8.7 3.7 1.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 8.1 14.5 12.4 72.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 15:00) 69.2 66.3 61.3 60.2 55.0 54.4 57.6 59.9 62.5 70.6 78.0 73.7 64.0
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[41][43][44][45][42][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]

Demographics

Federal census population history of Hay River
YearPop.±%
1941161—    
1951792+391.9%
1956942+18.9%
19611,338+42.0%
19662,002+49.6%
19712,406+20.2%
19763,268+35.8%
19812,863−12.4%
19862,964+3.5%
19913,206+8.2%
19963,611+12.6%
20013,510−2.8%
20063,648+3.9%
20113,606−1.2%
20163,528−2.2%
20213,169−10.2%
Source: Statistics Canada
[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][4]
Annual population estimates
YearPop.±%
19963,793—    
19973,781−0.3%
19983,769−0.3%
19993,782+0.3%
20003,756−0.7%
20013,728−0.7%
20023,688−1.1%
20033,682−0.2%
20043,822+3.8%
20053,841+0.5%
20063,775−1.7%
YearPop.±%
20073,827+1.4%
20083,763−1.7%
20093,690−1.9%
20103,780+2.4%
20113,742−1.0%
20123,730−0.3%
20133,747+0.5%
20143,733−0.4%
20153,734+0.0%
20163,746+0.3%
20173,734−0.3%
Sources: NWT Bureau of Statistics (2001–2017)[69]
The Hay River Museum
Beach at Hay River on the shores of Great Slave Lake

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Hay River had a population of 3,169 living in 1,274 of its 1,541 total private dwellings, a change of -10.2% from its 2016 population of 3,528. With a land area of 122.4 km2 (47.3 sq mi), it had a population density of 25.9/km2 (67.1/sq mi) in 2021.[4]

In 2016, the Indigenous population in Hay River is 1,630, up from 1,600 at the 2006 Canadian census, and is made up of First Nations, Métis and Inuit.[68] The main languages in the town are South Slavey, Chipewyan, Michif and English.[12]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Hay River". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  2. "Hay River". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  3. ↑ Mayors Welcome
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Northwest Territories". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  5. 1 2 "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Data table Hay River Northwest Territories [Population centre]". Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  6. ↑ "NWT Communities - Hay River". Government of the Northwest Territories: Department of Municipal and Community Affairs. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
  7. 1 2 "Northwest Territories Official Community Names and Pronunciation Guide". Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre. Yellowknife: Education, Culture and Employment, Government of the Northwest Territories. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2016.
  8. ↑ Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
  9. 1 2 Hay River – Statistical Profile
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Hay River history Archived 13 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ MACA Regions Archived 24 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  12. 1 2 3 "Hay River profile". Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012.
  13. ↑ "Hay River Still Growing Town" The News of the North, 27 May 1949
  14. 1 2 NTCL services Archived 11 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ "Hay River". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  16. ↑ "Says Hay River's population will treble in two years". Edmonton Journal. 21 February 1962. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  17. 1 2 "Evacuation order issued for all of Hay River, N.W.T." 12 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  18. ↑ Elassar, Sara Smart,Alaa (13 May 2022). "A Canadian town is under evacuation after breakaway ice causes flooding". CNN. Retrieved 17 May 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ "Why was this year's Hay River flood so bad?". 13 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
  20. ↑ "Hay River prepares for possible flood during pandemic". cabinradio.ca. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  21. ↑ "Entire town of Hay River in Canada ordered to leave as wildfires encroach". Reuters. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  22. 1 2 3 4 Infrastructure profile
  23. 1 2 3 Northwestel
  24. ↑ Department of Justice
  25. ↑ "Buffalo Airways passenger services". Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  26. ↑ "Buffalo Airways courier service". Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  27. ↑ "First Air". Archived from the original on 28 November 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2008.
  28. 1 2 3 Hay River profile
  29. ↑ South Slave Divisional Education Council Archived 6 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ "Harry Camsell School". Archived from the original on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  31. ↑ Princess Alexandra School – About our school Archived 3 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ↑ "Princess Alexandra School". Archived from the original on 1 May 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  33. ↑ "Diamond Jenness School – About our school". Archived from the original on 3 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2008.
  34. ↑ "Diamond Jenness School". Archived from the original on 3 February 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2008.
  35. 1 2 "CACTUS press release: "Oct. 9th Deadline for Communities to Salvage CBC TV Equipment", 1 October 2012". Archived from the original on 5 October 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
  36. ↑ Broadcasting Decision CRTC 2012-384, 17 July 2012.
  37. ↑ The Hub Newspaper
  38. ↑ The Hub Archived 29 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ↑ https://nwtel.ca/shop/internet/plans-rates/hay-river
  40. ↑ Wind Chill Hazards and Risk of Frostbite Archived 17 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  41. 1 2 3 "Hay River A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 25 September 2013. Climate ID: 2202400. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  42. 1 2 "Daily Data Report for January 1906". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  43. ↑ "Daily Data Report for December 1896". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  44. ↑ "Daily Data Report for September 1901". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  45. ↑ "Daily Data Report for September 1903". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  46. ↑ "Daily Data Report for February 1906". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  47. ↑ "Daily Data Report for July 1906". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  48. ↑ "Daily Data Report for May 1907". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  49. ↑ "Daily Data Report for April 1908". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  50. ↑ "Daily Data Report for October 1908". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  51. ↑ "Daily Data Report for December 1917". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  52. ↑ "Daily Data Report for June 1920". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  53. ↑ "Daily Data Report for October 1923". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  54. ↑ "Daily Data Report for July 1928". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  55. ↑ "Daily Data Report for August 1928". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  56. ↑ "Daily Data Report for March 1929". Canadian Climate Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 31 October 2011. Climate ID: 2202398. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  57. ↑ Ninth Census of Canada, 1951 (PDF). Vol. SP-7 (Population: Unincorporated villages and hamlets). Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 31 March 1954. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  58. ↑ "Table 6: Population by census subdivisions, 1901–1961". 1961 Census of Canada (PDF). Series 1.1: Historical, 1901–1961. Vol. I: Population. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 8 March 1963. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  59. ↑ "Table 2: Population of Census Subdivisions, 1921–1971". 1971 Census of Canada (PDF). Population. Vol. Census Subdivisions (Historical). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. July 1973. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  60. ↑ "1976 Census of Canada: Population – Geographic Distributions" (PDF). Statistics Canada. June 1977. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  61. ↑ "1981 Census of Canada: Census subdivisions in decreasing population order" (PDF). Statistics Canada. May 1992. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  62. ↑ "1986 Census: Population – Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions" (PDF). Statistics Canada. September 1987. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  63. ↑ "91 Census: Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions – Population and Dwelling Counts" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 1992. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  64. ↑ "96 Census: A National Overview – Population and Dwelling Counts" (PDF). Statistics Canada. April 1997. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  65. ↑ "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses – 100% Data (Northwest Territories)". Statistics Canada. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  66. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses – 100% data (Northwest Territories)". Statistics Canada. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  67. ↑ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses (Northwest Territories)". Statistics Canada. 25 July 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  68. 1 2 "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Northwest Territories)". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  69. ↑ Population Estimates By Community from the GNWT
  1. ↑ Climate data was recorded at Hay River from September 1893 to June 1943 and at Hay River Airport from April 1943 to present.

Further reading

  • DiLabio, R. N. W. Kimberlitic Indicator Minerals in the Geological Survey of Canada's Archived Till Samples Results of Analysis of Samples from Victoria Island and the Hay River Area, Northwest Territories. [Canada]: Geological Survey of Canada, 1997.
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