The helical orbit spectrometer (HELIOS) is a measurement device for studying nuclear reactions in inverse kinematics.[1] It is installed at the ATLAS facility at Argonne National Laboratory.

History

The HELIOS concept was first proposed at the Workshop on Experimental Equipment for an Advanced ISOL Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 1998.[2] The concept was introduced as a next-generation large-acceptance spectrometer for measuring heavy ion reactions.

Concept

Schematic of the HELIOS spectrometer.

Schematically, HELIOS is based around a large-bore superconducting solenoid. Accelerated heavy-ion beams enter the solenoid along the magnetic axis, passing through a hollow detector array. The beam then intercepts a "light-ion" target, also on the magnetic axis. In the configuration shown in the figure, charged reaction products ejected rearward in the laboratory frame move in helical orbits to the detector array. Heavy beam-like recoils are kinematically focused forward in a narrow cone and intercepted by the so-called recoil detector array.

Development

The HELIOS Collaboration was formed with members from Argonne National Laboratory, Western Michigan University, and Manchester University to construct, characterize, and commission the HELIOS spectrometer. The construction of the spectrometer began with the delivery of the superconducting solenoid upon which HELIOS is based. The solenoid was delivered to Argonne on December 8, 2006.

Installation of the HELIOS solenoid.

Over the next 20 months, the solenoid was transformed into a nuclear spectrometer and connected to the ATLAS beam line. The first stable beam was tuned to the HELIOS target area on Tuesday, August 12, 2008 at 13:29. This first commissioning measurement studied the well-known nuclear reaction 28Si(d,p) in inverse kinematics in order characterize the performance of the spectrometer.

The radioactive ion beam commissioning of HELIOS took place in early March, 2009. This was the second measurement made with HELIOS and is considered the first actual "experiment" conducted using HELIOS.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lighthall, J.C.; Back, B.B.; Baker, S.I.; Freeman, S.J.; Lee, H.Y.; et al. (2010). "Commissioning of the HELIOS spectrometer". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Elsevier BV. 622 (1): 97–106. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.06.220. ISSN 0168-9002. S2CID 121810387.
  2. ↑ J.P. Schiffer Solenoidal Spectrometer. in: I.Y. Lee (Ed.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Experimental Equipment for an Advanced ISOL Facility, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1998, LBNL-42138, pp. 667–678.
  3. ↑ Back, B. B.; Baker, S. I.; Brown, B. A.; Deibel, C. M.; Freeman, S. J.; et al. (2010-03-31). "First Experiment with HELIOS: The Structure of 13B". Physical Review Letters. American Physical Society (APS). 104 (13): 132501. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.132501. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 20481878.
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