Sir Charles Loyd
Captain Loyd during the First World War
Nickname(s)"Budget Loyd"
Born(1891-02-12)12 February 1891
Belgravia, Westminster, London, England[lower-alpha 1]
Died11 November 1973(1973-11-11) (aged 82)
Mettingham, Suffolk, England
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Army
Years of service1910–1947
RankGeneral
Service number17960
UnitColdstream Guards
Commands heldLondon District
Southern Command
2nd Infantry Division
1st Guards Brigade
3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards
2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards
Battles/warsFirst World War
Second World War
AwardsKnight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
Distinguished Service Order
Military Cross
Croix de guerre (France)
Mentioned in despatches (3)

General Sir Henry Charles Loyd, GCVO, KCB, DSO, MC, DL (12 February 1891 – 11 November 1973), nicknamed "Budget Loyd",[2] was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the world wars, most notably during the Second World War as General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 2nd Infantry Division during the Battle of France in May 1940.

Military career

Born on 12 February 1891 in Belgravia, Westminster, London, the son of Edward Henry Loyd, Charles Loyd was educated at Eton[1] and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Coldstream Guards on 3 September 1910. Another future general, Arthur Smith, was among his fellow graduates.[3] He was promoted to lieutenant in April 1912.[4]

He served on the Western Front during the First World War with the 2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards, then part of the 4th (Guards) Brigade of the 2nd Division. Promoted to captain in July 1915,[5] he was wounded in action four times, thrice mentioned in despatches, including on 1 January 1918,[6] awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO),[7] the Military Cross in 1915[8] and the French Croix de guerre.[9][10][11] He was also, by war's end, a brevet lieutenant colonel and, as Commanding Officer (CO) of the 2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards, one of the youngest battalion commanders in the British Army.[11] The citation for his MC reads:

For conspicuous gallantry and ability on 8th October, 1915, near Loos. When his sap-heads and a large section of his front trench had been nearly levelled to the ground after a four hours' bombardment, his company repelled two determined bomb attacks, in both of which the Germans nearly gained a footing in our trenches. The great, personal bravery of Captain Loyd, his skilful organisation, and inspiriting example to those around him were largely instrumental in bringing about the success of his company.[12]

After the war Loyd was selected for the first postwar course at the Staff College, Camberley from 1919 to 1920.[11][10] In 1922 he married Lady Moya Brodrick, the youngest daughter of the St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton; they had two children, a daughter, Lavinia Gertrude Georgiana, born on 21 December 1923, and a son, Julian St. John, born on 25 May 1926.[13][10] In 1925 he returned to the Staff College, this time as an instructor, until 1926 when he was appointed CO of the 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards.[11]

He was promoted to regimental commander, commanding the Coldstream Guards regimental district, in 1932.[14] In 1934, he became a staff officer at the War Office in London, moving on to be a brigadier on the General Staff of British Troops in Egypt in 1936.[14] In December 1938, he was appointed commander of the 1st (Guards) Brigade, then part of the 1st Infantry Division.[14][10] In June 1939, after only six months as a brigade commander, he was, at the relatively young age (during peacetime standards, where promotion was often excruciatingly slow) of 48, promoted to major general (with his seniority backdated to June 1938)[15] and was appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 2nd Infantry Division, three months before the outbreak of the Second World War.[16]

When the war did arrive Loyd's division, comprising the 4th, 5th and 6th Infantry Brigades and supporting units, was soon sent to France, where it formed part of Lieutenant General Sir John Dill's I Corps of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). After being unengaged for the first eight months of the conflict, his division found itself heavily engaged in the Battle of France, which began on 10 May 1940, and the subsequent retreat to Dunkirk which took part in the latter part of the month, where it was withdrawn to England in the Dunkirk evacuation. Loyd was not to see most of this, however, as on 16 May, while attending a conference, he suddenly fainted, the strain of the last few days having caused him to completely break down.[17] He was evacuated to England, with command of the 2nd Division passing to Brigadier Noel Irwin, commander of the 6th Brigade.[18]

The grave of General Sir Charles Loyd in Peper Harow, Surrey.

Shortly afterwards, in June, he succeeded Major General Henry Willcox as Director of Infantry at the War Office in London.[19] This post was held until February 1941 when he was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant-general[20] and became chief of staff to General Sir Alan Brooke, then the Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, who had been a fellow student at the Staff College some twenty years earlier and who had long thought highly of "Budget" Loyd. He was to hold this post for just over a year before moving on to be General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) Southern Command in March 1942.[16][11] Knighted the following year, his last appointment was as Major-General commanding the Brigade of Guards and GOC London District in March 1944, a post which he held until he retired from the army, after the war, in 1947, after receiving a promotion to full general in 1946.[16][11] He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) on 30 January 1947.[21]

In retirement he was a deputy lieutenant of Norfolk.[22] He lived at Geldeston Hall in Norfolk.[22] He was a justice of the peace for the county in 1954, and from 1945 to 1966 he served as Colonel of the Coldstream Guards, after having his knighthood enhanced in 1965.[11]

Notes

  1. ↑ Although Smart claims Loyd was born in Hertfordshire.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 Smart 2005, p. 195.
  2. ↑ Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, War Diaries 1939–1945 (University of California Press, 2003), at page 137
  3. ↑ "No. 28412". The London Gazette. 2 September 1910. p. 6333.
  4. ↑ "No. 28621". The London Gazette. 25 June 1912. p. 4569.
  5. ↑ "No. 29393". The London Gazette. 7 December 1915. p. 12197.
  6. ↑ "No. 30450". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1917. p. 23.
  7. ↑ "Coldstream Guards officers awards, WW1". Northeastmedals.co.uk. 21 January 1921. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  8. ↑ "No. 29351". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 November 1915. p. 10891.
  9. ↑ "No. 30306". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 September 1917. p. 9946.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "British Army officer histories". Unit Histories. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Smart 2005, p. 196.
  12. ↑ "No. 12869". The Edinburgh Gazette. 6 November 1915. p. 1681.
  13. ↑ Auction: Lot 41: Jacob More, 1740 – 1793 The Rape of Deianera; and Rest on the Flight to Egypt a pair, oil on canvas, laid down on board, oval
  14. 1 2 3 Generals.dk
  15. ↑ "No. 34637". The London Gazette. 20 June 1939. p. 4153.
  16. 1 2 3 Order of Battle
  17. ↑ French 2000, p. 182.
  18. ↑ "Irwin, Noel". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Archived from the original on 31 July 2007.
  19. ↑ "No. 34886". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 June 1940. p. 4003.
  20. ↑ "No. 35089". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 February 1941. p. 1198.
  21. ↑ "No. 37872". The London Gazette. 4 February 1947. p. 613.
  22. 1 2 "No. 40170". The London Gazette. 11 May 1954. p. 2776.

Bibliography

  • French, David (2000). Raising Churchill's Army: The British Army and the War against Germany 1919–1945. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-924630-0.
  • Smart, Nick (2005). Biographical Dictionary of British Generals of the Second World War. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 1844150496.
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