Hotel del Coronado
Aerial view of Hotel del Coronado, 2016
Hotel del Coronado is located in California
Hotel del Coronado
Location within California
Hotel del Coronado is located in the United States
Hotel del Coronado
Hotel del Coronado (the United States)
General information
LocationUnited States
Address1500 Orange Avenue
Coronado, California
Coordinates32°40′51″N 117°10′42″W / 32.6809°N 117.1784°W / 32.6809; -117.1784
OpeningFebruary 19, 1888
135 years ago
OwnerThe Blackstone Group
ManagementCurio Collection by Hilton
Height120 Ft (36.6 M) Architecturally 140 Ft (42.7 M) Tip of flagpole
Technical details
Floor count7
Design and construction
Architect(s)Reid & Reid
Other information
Number of rooms757
Number of suitesJunior Suites
Victorian Suites
Signature Suite
Resort Suites
Beach Village cottages
Beach Village Cottages & Villas
Number of restaurants7
Website
hoteldel.com
Hotel del Coronado
Architectural styleLate Victorian, Queen Anne
NRHP reference No.71000181
CHISL No.844
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 14, 1971
Designated NHLMay 5, 1977
Designated CHISL1970
[1][2][3][4]

Hotel del Coronado, also known as The Del and Hotel Del, is a historic beachfront hotel in the city of Coronado, just across the San Diego Bay from San Diego, California. A rare surviving example of an American architectural genre—the wooden Victorian beach resort—it was designated a California Historical Landmark in 1970[4] and a National Historic Landmark in 1977.[3][5] It is the second-largest wooden structure in the United States (after the Tillamook Air Museum in Tillamook, Oregon).

When the hotel opened in 1888, it was the largest resort hotel in the world. It has hosted presidents, royalty, and celebrities[6] and been featured in numerous films and books.

The hotel has received a Four Diamond rating from the American Automobile Association[7] and was listed in 2011 by USA Today among the top ten resorts in the world.[8]

Hotel del Coronado is sometimes regarded as "haunted" due to the mysterious death of Kate Morgan, a maid who was found dead on the hotel's exterior staircase on November 29, 1892. She stayed in Room 502, which is the most requested room in the entire hotel. The door to Room 502 has a special peephole for visitors to look into, and Hotel del Coronado offers tours of the room from their website.[9]

History

The Hotel Redondo, opened 1890

San Diego land boom

In the mid-1880s, the San Diego region was experiencing one of its first real estate booms. At that time, it was common for a California developer to build a grand hotel as a draw to an otherwise barren landscape; examples include The Hollywood Hotel in Hollywood, the Raymond Hotel in Pasadena, the Hotel Del Monte in Monterey, and the Hotel Redondo in Redondo Beach.[10]

Coronado Beach Company

In November 1885, a group of five investors bought Coronado and North Island, about 4,000 acres, for $110,000.[11] Those people were E. S. Babcock, retired railroad executive from Evansville, Indiana; Hampton L. Story, of the Story & Clark Piano Company of Chicago; Jacob Gruendike, president of the First National Bank of San Diego; Heber Ingle; and Joseph Collett.

In April 1886, Babcock and Story created the Coronado Beach Company, then additional enterprises to support the development of Coronado. The Coronado Ferry Company built wharves and storage facilities and developed ferryboat service between Coronado and San Diego; The Coronado Water Company piped fresh water under San Diego Bay from the San Diego River; The Coronado Railroad Company provided rail lines in Coronado, and eventually a "Belt Line" connected Coronado to San Diego via the Strand. Hotel del Coronado boasted one of the largest electrical power plants in the state, providing service to the entire community of Coronado until the 1920s.

The men hired architect James W. Reid, a native of New Brunswick, Canada, who first practiced in Evansville and Terre Haute. His younger brother Merritt Reid, a partner in Reid Brothers, the Evansville firm, stayed in Indiana, and brother Watson Reid helped supervise the 2,000 laborers needed.[10]

Babcock's vision

Babcock's visions for the hotel were grand:

It would be built around a court... a garden of tropical trees, shrubs and flowers... From the south end, the foyer should open to Glorietta Bay with verandas for rest and promenade. On the ocean corner, there should be a pavilion tower, and northward along the ocean, a colonnade, terraced in grass to the beach. The dining wing should project at an angle from the southeast corner of the court and be almost detached, to give full value to the view of the ocean, bay and city."[12]

Construction

If the hotel were ever to be built, one of the numerous problems to overcome was the absence of lumber and labor in the San Diego area. The lumber problem was solved with contracts for exclusive rights to all raw lumber production of the Dolbeer & Carson Lumber Company of Eureka, California, which was one of the West's largest. Planing mills were built on site to finish raw lumber shipped directly from the Dolbeer & Carson lumber yards, located on the shores of Humboldt Bay.[10] To obtain brick and concrete, Reid built his own kilns. He also constructed a metal shop and iron works.[13]

Construction of the hotel began in March 1887, "on a sandspit populated by jack rabbits and coyotes".[14] Labor was provided largely by Chinese immigrants from San Francisco and Oakland.[10]

The Crown Room was Reid's masterpiece. Its wooden ceiling was installed with pegs and glue. Not a single nail was used.[15]

Landscaping for the hotel was completed by Kate Sessions.[11]

Planning for fire hazards

Reid's plans were being revised and added to constantly. To deal with fire hazards, a freshwater pipeline was run under San Diego Bay. Water tanks and gravity flow sprinklers were installed. He also built two giant cisterns with concrete walls a foot thick in the basement to store rainwater. Although these cisterns were never used for rainwater, they were reputedly very handy for storing alcoholic beverages during Prohibition. Reid also installed the world's first oil furnace in the new hotel, prompting a Los Angeles oil company to build tankers to carry the oil to Coronado.[13] Electric lighting in a hotel was also a world first. The electric wires were installed inside the gas lines, so if the electricity didn't work, they could use gas to illuminate the rooms.[10] Contrary to popular rumor, Thomas Edison was not involved in the installation of The Del's electrical system. The electricity was installed by the Mather Electric Company out of Chicago (sometimes referred to as Mather-Perkins Company). An early Del brochure touted its "Mather incandescent electric lamps, of which there are 2,500." Electricity was still new to San Diego, having been introduced in 1886.

In 1904, Hotel del Coronado introduced the world's first electrically lighted, outdoor living Christmas tree. From the San Diego Union, December 25, 1904: "The tree selected for the honor is one of the three splendid Norfolk Island pines on the plaza [grassy area in front of the hotel]. It has attained a height of fifty feet and its branches stand proudly forth. All day yesterday electricians were busy fitting it up and by night 250 lights of many colors gave beauty to the fine old pine. Lanterns, great and small, hung from its boughs. And now that an open-air Christmas tree had been introduced, it is likely that another Christmas Eve will find many California gardens aglow with light scattered from living foliage."

Grand opening and real estate bust

When the 399-room hotel opened for business in February 1888,[11][16] 1,440 San Diegans traveled across the bay. Reports of the new grand hotel were wired across the country, but just as the hotel was nearing completion, the Southern California land boom collapsed. Babcock and Story needed additional funds at a time when many people were deserting San Diego. Babcock turned to Captain Charles T. Hinde and sugar magnate John D. Spreckels, who lent them $100,000 to finish the hotel. The Coronado Beach Company was then capitalized with three million United States dollars. The company directors at this time were E.S. Babcock, John Diedrich Spreckels, Captain Charles T. Hinde, H.W. Mallett, and Giles Kellogg.[17] By 1890 Spreckels bought out both Babcock and Story. The Spreckels family retained ownership of the hotel until 1948.[10]

The original grounds had many amenities, including an Olympic-sized salt water pool, tennis courts, and a yacht club with architecture resembling the hotel's grand tower. A Japanese tea garden, an ostrich farm, billiards, bowling alleys, hunting expeditions, and deep sea fishing were some of the many features offered to its guests.[10]

Restored photochrom print of Hotel del Coronado by William Henry Jackson, c. 1900

Kate Morgan and Room 502

Kate Morgan

Kate Morgan (c. 1864 – 1892) was an American housemaid who died in her mid-twenties under mysterious circumstances during her stay at Hotel del Coronado. She checked into the hotel alone under the name “Lottie A Bernard” from Detroit. Five days later, on November 29, 1892, Kate was found dead on a hotel exterior staircase leading to the beach. She had a gunshot wound to her head, which the San Diego County coroner determined was self-inflicted, but skeptics point out the fact that the gun they assumed she used did not match the bullet she was shot with.[18]

To this day, Kate Morgan is thought by locals to haunt the hotel, and the hotel itself has an entire page about Kate Morgan. Hotel del Coronado offers tours of Room 502 – the room Kate Morgan stayed in. Room 502 is the most requested room at Hotel del Coronado.[19]

Prince Edward and Wallis Simpson

On April 7, 1920, Edward, Prince of Wales was honored with a grand banquet in the Crown Room. Despite speculation that he met his future wife and Coronado resident Wallis Simpson there,[15] most historians believe they met later;[20] Edward and Wallis wrote in their memoirs that they met much later.[21]

Hollywood's playground

The popularity of the hotel was established before the 1920s. It already had hosted Presidents Harrison, McKinley, Taft, and Wilson.[22] By the 1920s, Hollywood's stars and starlets discovered that 'the Del' was the 'in place' to stay and many celebrities made their way south to party during the 1920s and 1930s, specifically during the era of Prohibition. Douglas Fairbanks, Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Clark Gable, Errol Flynn, Mae West, Joan Crawford, Katharine Hepburn, Bette Davis and Ginger Rogers were a few of the many great players (actors) who stayed at the hotel.[23]

On New Year's Day 1937, during the Great Depression, the gambling ship SS Monte Carlo, known for "drinks, dice, and dolls", was shipwrecked on the beach about a quarter mile south of the Hotel del Coronado.[24]

World War II

During World War II, many West Coast resorts and hotels were taken over by the U.S. government for use as housing and hospitals. The Hotel del Coronado housed many pilots who were being trained at nearby North Island Naval Air Station on a contract basis, but it was never commandeered. General manager Steven Royce convinced the Navy to abstain from taking over the hotel because most of the additional rooms were being used to house the families of officers. He pointed out that "the fathers, mothers, and wives were given priority to the rooms because it may be the last time they will see their sons and husbands." Ultimately the Navy agreed, and the hotel never was appropriated.[25]

The hotel was designated as a "wartime casualty station". It began a victory garden program, planting vegetables on all spare grounds around the hotel.[26]

The rotunda of the Hotel del Coronado
Lobby of the Hotel del Coronado, prior to its 2021 restoration

Post-war

Barney Goodman purchased the hotel from the Spreckels in 1948.[27] From the end of World War II until 1960, the hotel began to age. While still outwardly beautiful, neglect was evident. In 1960, local millionaire John Alessio purchased the hotel and spent $2 million on refurbishment and redecorating.[28] Popular Hollywood set designer Al Goodman was commissioned by Alessio to oversee the hotel's restoration and refurbishments, which notably included the Grand Ballroom, the Victorian Room Lounge, and the Victorian elevator grille.[29]

Alessio sold the hotel to M. Larry Lawrence in 1963. Lawrence's initial plan was to develop the land around the hotel and ultimately, to demolish it,[30] but he later changed his mind. During his tenure, Lawrence invested $150 million to refurbish and expand much of the hotel. He doubled its capacity to 700 rooms. He added the Grande Hall Convention Center and two seven-story Ocean Towers just south of the hotel.

The Lawrence family sold the hotel to the Travelers Group after Lawrence's death in 1996.[31] The Travelers Group completed a $55 million upgrade of the hotel in 2001, which included seismic retrofitting.[32]

21st century

While retaining its classic Victorian look, the hotel continues to upgrade its facilities. In July 2005, the hotel obtained approval to construct up to 37 limited-term occupancy cottages and villas on the property. They also received approval to add up to 205 additional rooms.[32]

The hotel has been sold in several transactions between financial institutions. In 2003, Travelers sold the property to CNL Hospitality Properties Inc. and KSL Recreation Corp (CNL/KSL). This ownership group completed a $10 million upgrade of 381 rooms in June, 2005. The hotel was then owned by the Blackstone Group LP (60%), Strategic Hotels & Resorts Inc. (34.5%), and KSL Resorts (5.5%). When Strategic Hotels & Resorts Inc. bought its stake in 2006, the hotel was valued at $745 million; as of 2011, the hotel was valued at roughly $590 million.[33] In 2014, Strategic Hotels & Resorts became full owners of the hotel.[34] In December 2015, Blackstone purchased Strategic Hotels & Resorts.

In March 2016, Blackstone sold Strategic Hotels & Resorts to Anbang Insurance Group, a Beijing-based Chinese insurance company, in a $6.5 billion deal involving multiple resorts. Anbang thus bought 16 luxury American hotel properties including the Hotel del Coronado.[35] Fifteen of the 16 were immediately transferred to Anbang. However, the sale of the Hotel del Coronado was held up because of concerns expressed by the federal inter-agency Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, which reviews acquisitions of U.S. businesses by foreign investors for possible national security risks. The agency was concerned about the hotel's proximity to major Navy bases.[36] In October 2016 it was reported that the deal had fallen through and the hotel would remain in Blackstone's ownership.[37]

In August 2017, Hilton Hotels and Resorts took over the management of Hotel del Coronado as part of their Curio Collection. The resort is still owned by Blackstone and the name Hotel del Coronado has not changed.[38]

Hotel del Coronado was then inducted into Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, in 2018.[39]

The hotel began a redevelopment and expansion in February 2019 to add new entryway, more guest rooms, parking garages, another restaurant and more.[40] The remodel is projected to last three years and cost $400 million.[41]

On March 26, 2020, the hotel closed temporarily, due to the COVID-19 epidemic. This was the first time in the property's 132-year history that it had closed its doors to guests.[42] It reopened on June 26, 2020.[43]

In 2021,[44] the hotel's historic main lobby, front facade and front veranda were restored, at a cost of $14 million.[45] In 2022, the hotel opened a new wing, Shore House at the Del, featuring 75 one-, two- and three-bedroom residential-style units.[46] The historic main wing will close in January 2024 for one year for a $160 million renovation, the final portion of the resort's $400 million makeover.[47]

Notable guests

Notable guests have included Thomas Edison, Marilyn Monroe, L. Frank Baum, Charlie Chaplin, King Kalakaua of Hawaii,[48] Vincent Price, Babe Ruth, James Stewart, Bette Davis and Katharine Hepburn. More recently, guests have included Kevin Costner, Whoopi Goldberg, Gene Hackman, George Harrison, Keanu Reeves, Brad Pitt, Madonna, Barbra Streisand, and Oprah Winfrey.[49]

The following presidents have stayed at the hotel: Benjamin Harrison, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.[22]

Films
The hotel was first featured in a film when it was used as a backdrop for The Married Virgin (1918). Since then, it has been featured in at least 13 other films, including: Some Like It Hot (1959), starring Marilyn Monroe, Jack Lemmon, and Tony Curtis, where it represented the "Seminole Ritz" in southern Florida; $ (1971) starring Goldie Hawn and Warren Beatty; Wicked, Wicked (1973), which was completely filmed on location there; The Stunt Man (1980), starring Peter O'Toole; The Girl, the Gold Watch & Everything (1980) starring Pam Dawber; and My Blue Heaven (1990), starring Steve Martin and Rick Moranis.[50]

The science historian James Burke filmed his special The Neuron Suite at the Coronado.[51]

The Hotel del Coronado was the primary location for the filming of the fantasy-comedy feature film Daydream Hotel, which had its world premiere at the 1st Annual Coronado Island Film Festival in January 2016.[52]

Literature

  • In Moran of the "Lady Letty": A Story of Adventure Off the California Coast (1898) by Frank Norris, a shanghaied San Francisco dandy wins in a showdown against a Chinese triad gang on the shore of the Baja California Peninsula, teaching them the lesson: "Don't try to fight with white people."[53] Triumphant from the final showdown the protagonist sails to San Diego and makes a dramatic appearance at a society soiree in the hotel's "incomparable round ballroom".[54]
  • L. Frank Baum, author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, did much of his writing at the hotel, and is said to have based his design for the Emerald City on it.[55] However, other sources say the Emerald City was inspired by the "White City" of the Chicago World's Fair of 1893.[56][57]
  • Ambrose Bierce used the hotel as the setting for his short story, "An Heiress From Redhorse".[58]
  • It also was the setting for Richard Matheson's novel Bid Time Return (1975); however, for the movie version, Somewhere in Time (1980), the story setting and filming were moved to the Grand Hotel (Mackinac Island) on Mackinac Island, Michigan.
  • Lorin Morgan-Richards, children's author, has frequented the hotel and written and illustrated works while staying in the turret room. The cover of his book Dark Letter Days shows the image of the Del.[59]
  • In the 2016 novel "The wrong side of goodbye", Harry Bosh, the hero of Michael Connely's book, finds the negative of a photograph of a woman holding a baby, taken in front of the hotel, this picture allows the investigator to easily locate the town, and the film the date, these clues kick-start a whole new plotline.

Music

Stage productions
Each December since 1994, Lamb's Players Theatre and the hotel have presented An American Christmas, a 3-hour "Feast & Celebration" set 100 years earlier, in the hotel's ballroom.

Television
The hotel stood in for the fictional Mansfield House during host segments of the NBC anthology series Ghost Story in 1972. The storylines of Baywatch season 4, episodes 14 and 15, called "Coronado del Soul" Parts 1 and 2, evolve in and around the hotel.

The grounds and some interior areas were used in 3 episodes of Antiques Roadshow broadcast as S23 E7, S23 E8 and S23 E9 in February and April 2019.[60]

Postage stamp
The hotel is featured on a US Postage Stamp honoring director Billy Wilder, with images of Marilyn Monroe and the hotel from Some Like It Hot.[61]

View from the surf showing the Beach Village to the left, the Victorian Building in the center, and the California Cabanas and Ocean Towers to the right

See also

  • Thomas Gardiner, Coronado Beach Company advertising manager in the 1890s
  • Charles T. Hinde, board member of the Hotel del Coronado, vice president of the Spreckels Brothers Commercial Company, railroad executive, and steamboat captain.
  • Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa, a 1988 hotel whose exterior architecture is based on the Hotel Del Coronado
  • Grand Rapids Hotel, a 1922 hotel built by Frederick Hinde Zimmerman, the nephew of Captain Charles T. Hinde, one of the original investors of the Hotel del Coronado.

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "Emporis building ID 263744". Emporis. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021.
  2. ↑ Hotel del Coronado at Structurae
  3. 1 2 "National Historic Landmarks Program: Hotel del Coronado". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. May 5, 1977. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  4. 1 2 "Hotel del Coronado". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  5. ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places, Hotel del Coronado; Coronado, California. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  6. ↑ Starr, Kevin (2002). The Dream Endures: California Enters the 1940s. US: Oxford University Press. p. 496. ISBN 0-19-515797-4.
  7. ↑ "AAA Four Diamond Lodging Winners 2008" (PDF). Automobile Association of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2009. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  8. ↑ Barbara De Lollis (April 7, 2011). "TripAdvisor: Top 10 beaches, beach hotels in USA and world". USA Today. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  9. ↑ "Room 502 Tour | Haunting Fun at Hotel del Coronado". Hotel del Coronado. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ormsby, Burke (1966). "The Lady Who Lives By The Sea". The Journal of San Diego History. San Diego Historical Society. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  11. 1 2 3 Hotel del Coronado Heritage Department (2008). Building the Dream: The Design and Construction of the Hotel del Coronado. Hotel del Coronado Heritage Department. p. 13.
  12. ↑ "A Grand Lady Turns Ninety-Five". The Journal of San Diego History. San Diego Historical Society. 1983. Archived from the original on February 25, 2012. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  13. 1 2 Baker, Gayle, San Diego, HarborTown History Publications, 2007, p. 53, ISBN 9780971098466 (print), 9780987903853 (on-line)
  14. ↑ Caughman, Madge (1987). California Coastal Resource Guide. US: University of California Press. p. 384. ISBN 0-520-06186-1. Hotel Del Coronado.
  15. 1 2 Historic American Buildings Survey: 5
  16. ↑ "Historic American Buildings Survey: Hotel del Coronado query". American Memory Collection. Library of Congress. 1977. Retrieved October 21, 2008.
  17. ↑ McGrew, Clarence Alan "City of San Diego and San Diego County:the birthplace of California, Volume 1 (Google eBook)" American Historical Society, 1922
  18. ↑ "Haunted Hotels in San Diego | The Del's Kate Morgan Mystery". Hotel del Coronado. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
  19. ↑ "Room 502 Tour | Haunting Fun at Hotel del Coronado". Hotel del Coronado. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
  20. ↑ Journal of San Diego History, Summer 1992
  21. ↑ San Diego Union Tribune, October 13, 2009
  22. 1 2 "Presidential Visitors | Famous Guests at Hotel del Coronado". Hotel del Coronado. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  23. ↑ Medved, Harry (2006). Hollywood Escapes. Macmillan. p. 432. ISBN 978-0-312-30856-8. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  24. ↑ Graham, David E (January 2, 2007). "Busting the House: Casino Boat Drashed into Coronado 70 Years Ago". SignOnSanDiego. San Diego: Union Tribune. Archived from the original on August 30, 2012. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
  25. ↑ "How The Del avoided US Military takeover during WWII". Press Room Releases. The Hotel del Coronado. January 1, 2008. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2008.
  26. ↑ "Newspapers Provide Details of WWII Life in Coronado". Press Room Releases. The Hotel del Coronado. January 8, 2008. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  27. ↑ Historic American Buildings Survey: 3
  28. ↑ "Hotel del Coronado Records, 1887–1977". San Diego State University. 2005. Archived from the original on July 16, 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  29. ↑ "Designer Al Goodman: How To Get Ahead By Living In The Past" (PDF). May 1, 1961.
  30. ↑ Williams, Jack (January 10, 1996). "M. Larry Lawrence". The San Diego 275Union-Tribune. p. A-1. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  31. ↑ "Historic Hotel del Coronado acquired by Travelers affiliate". findarticles.com. Business Wire. September 12, 1996. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  32. 1 2 Zuniga, Janine (July 25, 2005). "Hotel Del Coronado ready for expansion". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved October 20, 2008.
  33. ↑ Hudson, Kris (February 7, 2011). "Deal for Historic San Diego Hotel Adds Blackstone, Cashes Out KKR". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 16, 2011.
  34. ↑ Weisberg, Lori (May 27, 2014). "Ownership change for Hotel del Coronado". U-T San Diego. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Chinese insurer acquiring Hotel del Coronado as part of $6.5 billion deal". San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  36. ↑ Hirsh, Lou (September 29, 2016). "Report: Federal Government Examining Sale of Hotel del Coronado". San Diego Business Journal. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  37. ↑ Yu, Hui-Yong; McLaughlin, David (October 21, 2016). "Blackstone Ends Plan to Sell Landmark Hotel to China's Anbang After U.S. Opposition". Bloomberg. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  38. ↑ Hirsh, Lou (July 6, 2017). "Hotel Del Coronado Joins Hilton's Curio Collection After Management Change". San Diego Business Journal. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
  39. ↑ "Hotel History - Hotel del Coronado". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  40. ↑ "Hotel del Coronado starts $200M upgrade, its biggest ever. Does it need it?". San Diego Union-Tribune. February 15, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
  41. ↑ "Hotel Del Coronado Completes First Milestone In $400 Million Renovation". Coronado Eagle & Journal. November 25, 2019.
  42. ↑ "Hotel Del Coronado shutting down temporarily for first time in its history". San Diego Union-Tribune. March 26, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2020.
  43. ↑ https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/hotel-del-coronado-set-to-reopen-after-first-closure-in-132-year-history/2350267/
  44. ↑ https://www.taberco.net/post/step-inside-the-newly-renovated-hotel-del-coronado-lobby
  45. ↑ https://ranchandcoast.com/explore/hotel-del-coronado-restoration/
  46. ↑ https://hoteldel.com/press/hotel-del-coronado-announces-the-opening-of-its-new-luxury-oceanfront-hotel-shore-house-at-the-del/
  47. ↑ https://sdtoday.6amcity.com/development/hotel-del-coronado-will-spend-160-million-to-restore-historic-victorian-building
  48. ↑ Siler, Julia Flynn. Lost Kingdom Hawaii's Last Queen, the Sugar Kings, and America's First Imperial Adventure. p. 169.
  49. ↑ "The Hollywood Connection". Press Releases. Hotel del Coronado. October 8, 2008. Archived from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
  50. ↑ Gordon, William A. (1995). Shot On This Site: A Travelers Guide to the Places and Locations Used to Film Famous Movies and TV Shows. US: Citadel Press. p. 274. ISBN 0-306-81297-5.
  51. ↑ "The Neuron Suite". YouTube. 1981. Archived from the original on April 11, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
  52. ↑ "Daydream Hotel will be first movie filmed at Hotel del Coronado in 40 years". Coronado Unified School District News. August 2015. Archived from the original on October 3, 2016. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
  53. ↑ Eperjesi, John (2014). The Imperialist Imaginary: Visions of Asia and the Pacific in American Culture. Dartmouth College Press. p. 80.
  54. ↑ Norris, Frank (1898). Moran of the Lady Letty.
  55. ↑ Rogers, Katharine M. (2003). L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz. US: Da Capo Press. p. 336. ISBN 0-306-81297-5.
  56. ↑ Chicago Tribune, August 30, 2009
  57. ↑ Larson, Erik, The Devil in the White City, page 373, Vintage Books, New York, 2003, ISBN 0-375-72560-1
  58. ↑ "An Heiress From Redhorse"
  59. ↑ "The Dreaded Summons – Our Q&A with Author Lorin Morgan-Richards - NewsWhistle".
  60. ↑ "Hotel del Coronado 3". IMDb.
  61. ↑ Marks, Scott (May 23, 2012). "Some Lick It Hot: Hotel Del Coronado Celebrates Billy Wilder Stamp". San Diego Reader. Retrieved May 24, 2012.

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