Demographics of Luxembourg
Population pyramid of Luxembourg in 2020
Population	650,364 (2022 est.)
Growth rate	1.64% (2022 est.)
Birth rate	11.61 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate	7.21 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy	82.98 years
• male	80.52 years
• female	85.58 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate	1.63 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate	3.25 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	12.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years	16.73%
65 and over	15.37%
Sex ratio
Total	1.02 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth	1.06 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.06 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.7 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Luxembourger
Major ethnic	Luxembourger (52.9%)
Language
Official	Luxembourgish, French, German
Spoken	Luxembourgish

Population density in Luxembourg by commune

Demographic features of the population of Luxembourg include population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

The following is an overview of the demographics of Luxembourg. Demographic topics include basic statistics, most populous cities, and religious affiliation.

The population of Luxembourg as of 1 January 2022 was 645,397 (52.87% Luxembourgers and 47.13% of foreign nationality).^[3]

The people of Luxembourg are called Luxembourgers.^[4]

Population

The population of Luxembourg in 2022 is 650,364.

Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth in Luxembourg

Period[5]	Life expectancy in Years	Period	Life expectancy in Years
1950–1955	66.0	1990–1995	75.8
1955–1960	67.6	1995–2000	77.0
1960–1965	69.1	2000–2005	78.3
1965–1970	69.8	2005–2010	79.5
1970–1975	70.2	2010–2015	81.2
1975–1980	71.5	2015–2020	82.0
1980–1985	72.9	2020–2025	82.8
1985–1990	74.5	2025–2030	83.6

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Vital statistics

Vital statistics of Luxemburg 1900 till present.

The following table chronicles factors such as population, birth rates, and death rates in Luxembourg since 1900.^[6]

Current vital statistics

^{[7] [8]}

Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January - September 2022	4,686	3,313	+1,373
January - September 2023	4,594	3,252	+1,342
Difference	-92 (.1.96%)	-61 (−1.84%)	-31

Fertility

In 2020, 64% of children born in Luxembourg were to mothers of foreign origin, both from other EU member states and from non-EU countries.^[10]

Immigration

Luxembourg does not formally collect ethnic or racial data of its citizens.^[11] The foreign population resident in Luxembourg currently numbers over 296,465, corresponding to 47.4% of the total population (compared to 13.2% in 1961).^[3] That means there are currently almost as many immigrants as there are native citizens. These immigrants are overwhelmingly^[12] nationals of EU countries (accounting for over 80%), by far the greater part of whom originally come from Portugal, Italy and the two neighbouring countries, France and Belgium. For some years, there has also been a large increase in the number of immigrants and asylum seekers from the countries of Eastern Europe, and especially the new republics to have emerged from the former Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro). These immigrants include a considerable proportion of young people. Immigrants (especially asylum seekers) have a strong impact on the birth rate, accounting for nearly 50% of births in Luxembourg.

A more detailed breakdown by nationality^[12] shows that the Portuguese community is still the largest group, accounting for almost a third of the foreign population. The Italian population has been stable for the past ten years at approximately 20,000. Some 80,000 foreigners come from bordering countries (France, Belgium and Germany).

Nationality [12]
1 January 2020
1	Luxembourg	329,643
2	Portugal	95,057
3	France	47,805
4	Italy	22,996
5	Belgium	19,823
6	Germany	12,849
7	Spain	7,202
8	Romania	5,724
9	United Kingdom	5,317
10	Poland	4,844
11	Netherlands	4,168
12	China	3,925
13	Greece	3,673
14	Montenegro	3,163
15	India	2,804
16	Cape Verde	2,572
17	Brazil	2,449
18	United States	2,334
19	Syria	2,266
20	Ireland	2,027
-	Other	42,840

Religion

The predominant religion of the Luxembourg population is Roman Catholic, with Protestant, Anglican, Jewish, Muslim and Hindu minorities. According to a 1979 law, the government forbids collection of data on religious practices, but over 90% is estimated to be baptized Catholic (the Virgin Mary is the Patroness of the city of Luxembourg).

The Lutherans are the largest Protestant denomination in the country. Muslims are estimated to number approximately 6000 persons, notably including 1,500 refugees from Montenegro; Orthodox (Albanian, Greek, Montenegrin, Serbian, Russian, and Romanian) adherents are estimated to number approximately 5,000 persons, along with approximately 1,000 Jews. Freedom of religion is provided by the Luxembourg Constitution.^[13]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Demographics of Luxembourg, Data of FAO, year 2020

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.^[14]

Language

The linguistic situation in Luxembourg is complicated. The "national language" is Luxembourgish, a West Germanic language based on the same German dialect as in the neighbouring part of Germany. Three languages are used by the administration: Luxembourgish, French and German. French is the only language of legislation ^[15]

According to the census of 2011, the residents of Luxembourg answer very differently about their use of language, depending on the context (see table).^[16]

References