Demographics of Djibouti
Djibouti population pyramid in 2020
Population994,017 (2019)
Growth rate2.23% (2014)
Birth rate25.27 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate8.23 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Life expectancy62.4 years (2014)
 • male59.93 years
 • female64.94 years
Fertility rate2.79 children born/woman (2010)
Infant mortality rate53.31 deaths/1,000 infants (2012 est.)[1]
Age structure
0–14 years35% (male 132,592/female 132,114)
15–64 years61.7% (male 206,323/female 260,772)
65 and over3.3% (male 11,349/female 13,924)
Sex ratio
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.8 male(s)/female
65 and over0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityDjiboutian
Major ethnicSomali 50%
Afar 40%
Language
SpokenSomali (official), Afar (official), French(official), Arabic (non-official),

Demographic features of Djibouti include population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Ethnic groups

Main ethnic groups in Djibouti.

Djibouti is a multiethnic country. As of 2018, it has a population of around 884,017 inhabitants[2][3]. Djibouti's population grew rapidly during the latter half of the 20th century, increasing from about 69,589 in 1955 to around 869,099 by 2015.[4]

The ethnic composition of Djibouti is 56.2% Somali, 24.2% Afar, 15.6% Arabs, 6.675% Djibouti Arabs (indigenous), 4.525% Yemenis, 4.4% Omanis and 5% others. The Somali clan component is mainly composed of the Issa clan (Dir), followed by the Gadabuursi and the Isaaq.[5]

The remaining 5% of Djibouti's population primarily consists of Ethiopians and Europeans (French, Italian and Swedish). In addition, as of 2021, 4,000 American troops, 1,350 French troops, 600 Japanese troops, 400 Chinese troops, and an unknown number of German troops are stationed at various bases throughout Djibouti. Approximately 76% of local residents are urban dwellers; the remainder are pastoralists.[6] 40,000 people from Yemen live in Djibouti, accounting for 4.525% of its total population."Domestic abuse adds to Yemeni refugee women's woes in Djibouti".[7][8][9]

Languages

An Issa woman in nomadic attire.
An Afar man in nomadic attire.

Djibouti is a multilingual nation.[6] The majority of local residents speak Somali (650,000 speakers in Djibouti city and Ali Sabieh) and Afar (300,000 speakers) as a first language. These languages are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afroasiatic family. There are 2 official languages in Djibouti: Arabic and French.[10]

Arabic is of religious importance. In formal settings, it consists of Modern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 59,000 local residents speak the Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, also known as Djibouti Arabic. French serves as a statutory national language. It was inherited from the colonial period, and is the primary language of instruction. Around 17,000 Djiboutians speak it as a first language. Immigrant languages include Omani Arabic (38,900 speakers), Amharic (1,400 speakers), Greek (1,000 speakers) and Hindi (600 speakers).[10]

Population

1960–2012
YearPop.±% p.a.
196083,636—    
1969149,887+6.70%
1977277,750+8.02%
1980359,247+8.95%
1994652,793+4.36%
2000722,887+1.71%
2012859,652+1.45%
Source: World Bank[11]

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[2][3], the total population was 1,105,557 in 2021 compared to 62,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 35.8%, 60.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older.[4]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 62 00046.851.22.0
1955 70 00046.052.02.0
1960 85 00045.452.52.0
1965 117 00044.953.02.0
1970 162 00045.852.22.1
1975 224 00045.952.02.1
1980 340 00045.352.52.2
1985 403 00044.653.12.3
1990 562 00044.253.42.4
1995 627 00043.454.12.5
2000 732 00041.355.92.7
2005 808 00038.558.53.0
2010 889 00035.860.93.3
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 29.V.2009):[12]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 440 066 378 093 818 159 100
0–4 49 863 41 269 91 132 11.14
5–9 56 117 41 269 101 271 12.38
10–14 48 135 37 337 85 472 10.45
15–19 46 351 39 283 85 634 10.47
20–24 43 786 40 272 84 058 10.27
25–29 40 222 41 995 82 217 10.05
30–34 35 558 33 997 69 555 8.50
35–39 29 563 26 512 56 074 6.85
40–44 25 247 19 734 44 981 5.50
45–49 19 470 15 456 34 926 4.27
50–54 16 363 12 479 28 841 3.53
55–59 10 325 7 860 18 185 2.22
60–64 8 495 6 677 15 172 1.85
65+ 10 572 10 069 20 641 2.52
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 154 115 119 875 273 990 33.49
15–64 275 379 248 149 523 528 63.99
65+ 10 572 10 069 20 641 2.52
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021): [13]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 527 817 473 636 1 001 452 100
0–4 50 744 49 747 100 491 10.03
5–9 54 487 53 200 107 687 10.75
10–14 52 811 45 854 98 665 9.85
15–19 50 167 40 507 90 674 9.05
20–24 48 044 40 029 88 072 8.79
25–29 45 209 38 999 84 208 8.41
30–34 42 445 38 723 81 168 8.11
35–39 39 077 36 798 75 874 7.58
40–44 34 761 32 809 67 570 6.75
45–49 29 881 28 056 57 936 5.79
50–54 24 442 21 937 46 379 4.63
55–59 19 309 16 508 35 817 3.58
60–64 14 340 11 888 26 229 2.62
65-69 9 975 8 077 18 053 1.80
70-74 6 260 5 158 11 418 1.14
75-79 3 444 2 953 6 397 0.64
80+ 2 421 2 393 4 814 0.48
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 158 042 148 801 306 843 30.64
15–64 347 675 306 254 653 929 65.30
65+ 22 100 18 581 40 681 4.06

Projections

The following are UN medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands:[4]

  • 2015 975
  • 2020 1,065
  • 2025 1,166
  • 2030 1,262
  • 2035 1,356
  • 2040 1,447
  • 2045 1,535
  • 2050 1,619

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Djibouti is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[4]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-19553 0002 0001 00050.028.321.77.80222
1955-19604 0002 0002 00050.725.725.07.80203
1960-19655 0002 0003 00051.223.827.47.80185
1965-19707 0003 0004 00050.321.628.67.60169
1970-19759 0004 0005 00047.819.428.47.20154
1975-198013 0005 0008 00045.217.427.86.80141
1980-198516 0006 00011 00044.015.528.66.60125
1985-199021 0007 00014 00043.114.528.66.40117
1990-199524 0008 00016 00040.113.426.75.85109
1995-200023 0008 00015 00034.412.222.25.11100
2000-200524 0009 00015 00031.211.319.94.5291
2005-201025 0009 00016 00029.410.518.93.9582
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Life expectancy

Period Life expectancy in
Years[14]
1950–1955 41.04
1955–1960 Increase 42.95
1960–1965 Increase 45.18
1965–1970 Increase 47.35
1970–1975 Increase 50.90
1975–1980 Increase 52.55
1980–1985 Increase 54.67
1985–1990 Increase 56.12
1990–1995 Increase 57.02
1995–2000 Steady 57.02
2000–2005 Increase 57.29
2005–2010 Increase 59.05
2010–2015 Increase 61.62

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022:[15]

  • One birth every 26 minutes
  • One death every 76 minutes
  • One net migrant every 720 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 38 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook:[16]

Population

957,273 (2022 est.)
884,017 (July 2018 est.)
828,324 (July 2015 est.)

Religions

Sunni Muslim 94% (nearly all Djiboutians), other 6% (mainly foreign-born residents - Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist)

Age structure

Population pyramid of Djibouti in 2022
0-14 years: 29.97% (male 138,701/female 137,588)
15-24 years: 20.32% (male 88,399/female 98,955)
25-54 years: 40.73% (male 156,016/female 219,406)
55-64 years: 5.01% (male 19,868/female 26,307)
65 years and over: 3.97% (male 16,245/female 20,319) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 30.71% (male 136,191 /female 135,263)
15-24 years: 21.01% (male 87,520 /female 98,239)
25-54 years: 39.63% (male 145,427 /female 204,927)
55-64 years: 4.82% (male 18,967 /female 23,639)
65 years and over: 3.83% (male 15,136 /female 18,708) (2018 est.)

Median age

total: 24.9 years. Country comparison to the world: 163rd
male: 23 years
female: 26.4 years (2020 est.)
total: 24.2 years. Country comparison to the world: 165th
male: 22.4 years
female: 25.7 years (2018 est.)
Total: 22.8 years
Male: 21.1 years
Female: 24.1 years (2014 est.)

Birth rate

22.25 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 58th
23.3 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 59th

Death rate

7.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 116th
7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 109th

Total fertility rate

2.15 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 91st
2.27 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 90th

Net migration rate

4.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 24th
5.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 19th

Population growth rate

1.97% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 42nd
2.13% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 42nd
2.18% (2016 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

19% (2012)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 50.1 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 15.6 (2015 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 78.4% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 77.8% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 1.67% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Major cities - population

DJIBOUTI (capital) 562,000 (2018)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.71 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 65.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 203rd
male: 62.72 years
female: 67.96 years (2022 est.)
total population: 64 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 191st
male: 61.4 years (2018 est.)
female: 66.6 years (2018 est.)
Total population: 62.4 years
Male: 59.93 years
Female: 64.94 years (2014 est.)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 1.2% (2012 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS: 7,700 (2012 est.)
deaths: 690 (2012 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Djibouti is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

Nationality

Djiboutien or Djiboutian

Ethnic groups

Afar 35%, Somali 60% and Arab 2%[6]

Languages

The languages of Djibouti are:[6]

French (official)
Arabic (official)
Somali
Afar

Education expenditures

3.6% of GDP (2018)
Ranked 116th in the world

Literacy

definition: proportion of population aged 15 and over that can read and write
total population: 67.9%
male: 60%
female: 58.4% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 7 years
male: 7 years
female: 7 years (2011)
total: 6 years (2011)
male: 7 years (2011)
female: 6 years (2011)

References

  1. ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook: Infant Mortality Rate". Archived from the original on November 19, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  2. 1 2 "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. 1 2 "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX). population.un.org ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision".
  5. ↑ "Refworld | Somalia: Information on the Issa and the Issaq".
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Africa :: Djibouti". CIA The World Factbook. 14 April 2022.
  7. ↑ "US Signs Long-Term Lease for Military Base in Djibouti | Voice of America - English".
  8. ↑ "Tracer des frontières à Djibouti".
  9. ↑ DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE, INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM (1967). "French Somaliland" (PDF). Intelligence Memorandum. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017.
  10. 1 2 "Djibouti - Languages". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  11. ↑ "World Bank". Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  12. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  13. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  14. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  15. ↑ "Djibouti Population 2022", World Population Review
  16. ↑ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The World FactBook - Djibouti", The World Factbook, 2022
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