"It's a Long Way to Tipperary"
Sheet music cover
Song
Published1912
GenreMusic Hall, patriotic song, marching anthem
Songwriter(s)Jack Judge and Harry Williams
Sheet music cover
Sculpture in Tipperary Town, Ireland, commemorating the song

"It's a Long Way to Tipperary" (or "It's a Long, Long Way to Tipperary") is an English music hall song first performed in 1912 by Jack Judge, and written by Judge and Harry Williams, though authorship of the song has long been disputed.[1][2][3]

It was recorded in 1914 by Irish tenor John McCormack. It was used as a marching song among soldiers in the First World War and is remembered as a song of that war. Welcoming signs, in the referenced town of Tipperary, Ireland, humorously declare, "You've come a long way" in reference to the song.[4]

Authorship

Jack Judge's parents were Irish, and his grandparents came from Tipperary. Judge met Harry Williams (Henry James Williams, 23 September 1873 – 21 February 1924) in Oldbury, Worcestershire at the Malt Shovel public house, where Williams's brother Ben was the licensee. Williams was severely disabled, having fallen down cellar steps as a child and badly broken both legs. He had developed a talent for writing verse and songs, and played the piano and mandolin, often in public. Judge and Williams began a long-term writing partnership that resulted in 32 music hall songs published by Bert Feldman. Many of the songs were composed by Williams and Judge at Williams's home, The Plough Inn (later renamed The Tipperary Inn), in Balsall Common. Because Judge could not read or write music, Williams taught them to Judge by ear.[5]

Judge was a popular semi-professional performer in music halls. In January 1912, he was performing at the Grand Theatre in Stalybridge, and accepted a 5-shilling bet that he could compose and sing a new song by the next night. The following evening, 31 January, Judge performed "It's a Long Way to Tipperary" for the first time, and it immediately became a great success. The song was originally written and performed as a sentimental ballad, to be enjoyed by Irish expatriates living in London.[5] Judge sold the rights to the song to Bert Feldman in London, who agreed to publish it and other songs written by Judge with Williams.[6] Feldman published the song as "It's a Long, Long Way to Tipperary" in October 1912, and promoted it as a march.[1]

Dispute

Feldman paid royalties to both Judge and Williams, but after Williams' death in 1924, Judge claimed sole credit for writing the song,[7] saying that he had agreed to Williams being co-credited as recompense for a debt that Judge owed. However, Williams' family showed that the tune and most of the lyrics to the song already existed in the form of a manuscript, "It's A Long Way to Connemara", co-written by Williams and Judge back in 1909, and Judge had used this, just changing some words, including changing "Connemara" to "Tipperary".[1]

Judge said: "I was the sole composer of 'Tipperary', and all other songs published in our names jointly. They were all 95% my work, as Mr Williams made only slight alterations to the work he wrote down from my singing the compositions. He would write it down on music-lined paper and play it back, then I'd work on the music a little more ... I have sworn affidavits in my possession by Bert Feldman, the late Harry Williams and myself confirming that I am the composer ...". In a 1933 interview, he added: "The words and music of the song were written in the Newmarket Tavern, Corporation Street, Stalybridge on 31st January 1912, during my engagement at the Grand Theatre after a bet had been made that a song could not be written and sung the next evening ... Harry was very good to me and used to assist me financially, and I made a promise to him that if I ever wrote a song and published it, I would put his name on the copies and share the proceeds with him. Not only did I generously fulfil that promise, but I placed his name with mine on many more of my own published contributions. During Mr Williams' lifetime (as far as I know) he never claimed to be the writer of the song ...".[8]

Williams's family campaigned in 2012 to have Harry Williams officially re-credited with the song, and shared their archives with the Imperial War Museums. The family estate still receives royalties from the song.[2][9]

Other claims

In 1917, Alice Smyth Burton Jay sued song publishers Chappell & Co. for $100,000, alleging she wrote the tune in 1908 for a song played at the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition promoting the Washington apple industry. The chorus began "I'm on my way to Yakima".[10] The court appointed Victor Herbert to act as expert advisor[11] and dismissed the suit in 1920, since the authors of "Tipperary" had never been to Seattle and Victor Herbert testified the two songs were not similar enough to suggest plagiarism.[12]

Content

The song was originally written as a lament from an Irish worker in London, missing his homeland. Unlike popular songs of previous wars (such as the Boer Wars), it did not incite soldiers to glorious deeds, instead concentrating on the longing for home (as with the period song "Keep the Home Fires Burning").

Lyrics

Up to mighty London
Came an Irishman one day.
As the streets are paved with gold
Sure, everyone was gay,
Singing songs of Piccadilly,
Strand and Leicester Square,
Till Paddy got excited,
Then he shouted to them there:

Chorus
It's a long way to Tipperary,
It's a long way to go.
It's a long way to Tipperary,
To the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye, Piccadilly,
Farewell, Leicester Square!
It's a long long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there.

Paddy wrote a letter
To his Irish Molly-O,
Saying, "Should you not receive it,
Write and let me know!"
"If I make mistakes in spelling,
Molly, dear," said he,
"Remember, it's the pen that's bad,
Don't lay the blame on me!"

Molly wrote a neat reply
To Irish Paddy-O,
Saying "Mike Maloney
Wants to marry me, and so
Leave the Strand and Piccadilly
Or you'll be to blame,
For love has fairly drove me silly:
Hoping you're the same!"

The parody "It's the Wrong, Wrong Way to Tickle Mary" was published (as sheet music) by J. Will Callahan and Charles Brown in the United States in 1915. The bawdy lyrics suggest the performances of concert parties on the front lines of the war:[13][14]

Chorus
That's the wrong way to tickle Mary,
That's the wrong way to kiss.
Don't you know that over here, lad
They like it best like this.
Hoo-ray pour les français,
Farewell Angleterre.
We didn't know how to tickle Mary,
But we learnt how over there.

Reception

Feldman persuaded Florrie Forde to perform the song in 1913, but she disliked it and dropped it from her act.[15] However, it became the hit song of 1913 and was widely popular when the First World War began the following year. British soldiers marching to Mons sang it.[16] Daily Mail correspondent George Curnock saw the Irish regiment the Connaught Rangers singing this song as they marched through Boulogne on 13 August 1914, and reported it on 18 August 1914.[17] Soon, every British newspaper had printed the lyrics to the chorus and it became a popular and patriotic tune amongst civilians. However, as soldiers lost their optimism for a quick end to the war they came to abhor the sentimental song and jeered down attempts to start it.[18][19] F. T. Nettleingham, a veteran and anthologist of songs from the war, noted that the song was "never Tommy's song ... never greatly sung" though it was often the subject of parody.[16] That civilians continued to hold it to be the soldiers' anthem illustrated a gap in understanding and alienated the fighting men.

In November 1914, it was recorded by Irish tenor John McCormack, which helped its worldwide popularity.[17] There was also a popular recording by Mark Sheridan.[19] In the United States, there were popular versions by Billy Murray,[20] the American Quartet, Prince's Orchestra, and Albert Farrington.[21]

The media of the time reported that the song was popular among soldiers despite (or because of) its irreverent and non-military theme, and was contrasted with the military and patriotic songs favoured by enemy troops. Commentators considered that the song's appeal revealed characteristically British qualities of being cheerful in the face of hardship. The Times suggested that "'Tipperary' may be less dignified, but it, and whatever else our soldiers may choose to sing will be dignified by their bravery, their gay patience, and their long suffering kindness... We would rather have their deeds than all the German songs in the world."[22]

Later performances

The song was featured as one of the songs in the 1951 film On Moonlight Bay, the 1960s stage musical and film Oh! What a Lovely War, and the 1970 musical Darling Lili, sung by Julie Andrews. It was also sung by the prisoners of war in Jean Renoir's film La Grande Illusion (1937) and as background music in The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966). It is also the second part (the other two being "Hanging on the Old Barbed Wire" and "Mademoiselle from Armentières") of the regimental march of Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. Mystery Science Theater 3000 used it twice, sung by Crow T. Robot in Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie (1996), then sung again for the final television episode. It is also sung by British soldiers in the film The Travelling Players (1975) directed by Theo Angelopoulos, and by Czechoslovak soldiers in the movie Černí baroni (1992).

It is also featured in For Me and My Gal (1942) starring Judy Garland and Gene Kelly and Gallipoli (1981) starring Mel Gibson. It was sung by the crew of U-96 in Wolfgang Petersen's 1981 film Das Boot (the arrangement was performed by the Red Army Choir). Morale is boosted in the submarine when the German crew sings the song as they begin patrolling in the North Atlantic Ocean. The crew sings it a second time as they cruise toward home port after near-disaster.

The cast of The Mary Tyler Moore Show march off screen singing the song at the conclusion of the series' final episode, after news anchor Ted Baxter (played by Ted Knight) inexplicably recited some of the lyrics on that evening's news broadcast.

The song is often cited when documentary footage of the First World War is presented. One example of its use is in the annual television special It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown (1966). Snoopy—who fancies himself a First World War flying ace—dances to a medley of First World War-era songs played by Schroeder. The song is included, and at that point Snoopy falls into a left-right-left marching pace. Schroeder also plays the song in Snoopy, Come Home (1972) at Snoopy's send-off party. Also, Snoopy is seen singing the song out loud in a series of strips about his going to the 1968 Winter Olympics. In another strip, Snoopy is walking such a long distance to reach Tipperary that he lies down exhausted and notes, "They're right, it is a long way to Tipperary." On a different occasion, Snoopy walks along and begins to sing the song, only to meet a sign that reads, "Tipperary: One Block." In a Sunday strip wherein Snoopy, in his World War I fantasy state, walks into Marcie's home, thinking it a French café, and falls asleep after drinking all her root beer, she rousts him awake by loudly singing the song.

In 1916, survivors of the sinking of HMS Tipperary in the Battle of Jutland were identified by their rescuers on HMS Sparrowhawk because they were singing "It's a Long Way to Tipperary" in their lifeboat.[23]

In 1942, as the Japanese hell ship Lisbon Maru was sinking, Royal Artillery POWs trapped in the vessel are reported to have sung the song.[24]

Other versions and adaptations

The song was so popular that its title is referenced in English in this German propaganda poster for distribution in occupied France.[25]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "World War One: Bet on It's a Long Long Way to Tipperary". BBC. 24 February 2014. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  2. 1 2 Pybus, Meg (2014). "Final recognition of Harry's composition". Pybus. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  3. ↑ Max Cryer (2009). Love Me Tender: The Stories Behind the World's Best-loved Songs. Frances Lincoln Publishers. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7112-2911-2.
  4. ↑ "Community can help make Tipperary the best small town in Ireland". Tipperarylive.ie. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  5. 1 2 "The World's Most Famous Marching Song", TipperaryWarSong.co.uk. Retrieved 15 July 2020
  6. ↑ "Jack Judge - His Life and Music", History of Oldbury. Retrieved 15 July 2020
  7. ↑ Max Cryer (2009). Love Me Tender: The Stories Behind the World's Best-loved Songs. Frances Lincoln Publishers. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7112-2911-2.
  8. ↑ "Jack Judge 1872 - 1938: Part 4". Retrieved 15 July 2020
  9. ↑ Fricker, Martin (19 February 2014). "Song that won war: It's a long way to Tipperary and a long time to pay royalties". Mirror. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  10. ↑ "'Tipperary'" Tune Stolen, She Says. Boston Daily Globe, 20 September 1917, p. 16
  11. ↑ "Victor Herbert Is 'Tipperary' Expert," The New York Times, 27 September 1917, p. 10
  12. ↑ "Loses 'Tipperary' Suit." The New York Times, 24 June 1920, p. 25.
  13. ↑ "It's the Wrong, Wrong Way to Tickle Mary". Abe Books. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  14. ↑ "It's the Wrong, Wrong Way to Tickle Mary". University of Oregon Libraries. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  15. ↑ Richard Anthony Baker, British Music Hall: an illustrated history, Pen & Sword, 2014, ISBN 978-1-78383-118-0, p.157
  16. 1 2 Palmer, Roy (1990). What a Lovely War! British Soldiers' Songs from the Boer War to the Present Day. Penguin. ISBN 9780718133573.
  17. 1 2 Gibbons, Verna Hale (1998). Jack Judge: The Tipperary Man. West Midlands: Sandwell Community Library Service. ISBN 1-900689-07-3.
  18. ↑ Brophy, John; Partridge, Eric (1965). The Long Trail: What the British Soldier Sang and Said in the Great War of 1914–18. A. Deutsch. p. 213.
  19. 1 2 Wilson, Jason (2012). Soldiers of Song: The Dumbells and Other Canadian Concert Parties of the First World War. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 9781554588442.
  20. ↑ American Quartet & Billy Murray - "It's A Long Long Way". FirstWorldWar.com. Archived from the original (MP3) on 16 December 2006. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  21. ↑ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research Inc. p. 531. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
  22. ↑ Ian Mansfield, "It’s a Long Way to Tipperary - the world's first viral", BT.com, 14 August 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2020
  23. ↑ "The Fighting at Jutland". www.kiplingsociety.co.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  24. ↑ "British POWs sank with the Lisbon Maru - should it be raised?". Bbc.com. 14 July 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  25. ↑ "Artist Unknown: It's a Long Way to Rome 1943". Meehan Military Posters. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  26. ↑ "It's a Long Way Down to the Soupline, song lyrics". Protest Song Lyrics. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  27. ↑ Peter Berresford Ellis, The Cornish Language and its Literature, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1974.
  28. ↑ Ballinger, Tony (2015). A Walk Against The Stream: A Rhodesian National Service Officer's Story of the Bush War. Solihull: Helion and Company. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-910294-43-7.
  29. ↑ "University of Missouri fight song". Archived from the original on 3 April 2007. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  30. ↑ "'Mighty Oregon' sings of the past". Daily Emerald. 12 November 2006. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  31. ↑ "The Sam Hinton Website – Sounds". Golden Apple Design. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  32. ↑ University of Chicago: Biological Sciences Division Archived 21 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ↑ Video on YouTube
  34. ↑ University of California, Santa Barbara Library Department of Special Collections (16 November 2005). "Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project". Cylinders.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  35. ↑ Bojalad, Alec (17 May 2021). "The Simpsons Season 32 Episode 21 Review: The Man from G.R.A.M.P.A." Den of Geek. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  36. ↑ "Tiny Tim performs a medley, consisting of "It's a Long Way to Tipperary"". YouTube. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021.
  37. ↑ "Tiny Tim's 1980 cover of "It's a Long Way to Tipperary"". YouTube. Archived from the original on 22 December 2021.
  38. ↑ Joe Dolce (21 August 2021). "'Six Minutes to Midnight': The League of German Girls". Quadrant.
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