Russian icon of the Dostóino yesť (Axion Estin) or Miluyushchaya (Eleousa), type, 19th century.

Axion estin (Greek: Ἄξιόν ἐστιν, Slavonic: Достóйно éсть, Dostóino yesť), or It is Truly Meet, is a megalynarion and a theotokion, i.e. a magnification[1] of and a Hymn to Mary used in the Divine Services of the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic churches. It consists of a troparion and a sticheron composed in honor of the Theotokos (i.e. the Virgin Mary).

Axion estin is also the name of type of icon of the Theotokos, also known as the Eleousa type, after the icon of Karyes (Mount Athos) in front of which, according to tradition, the hymn was revealed in the late 10th century. At Karyes, the icon is currently kept in the Protaton.[2]

Text

Ἄξιόν ἐστιν ὡς ἀληθῶς,
μακαρίζειν σε τὴν Θεοτόκον,
τὴν ἀειμακάριστον καὶ παναμώμητον
καὶ μητέρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν.

Τὴν τιμιωτέραν τῶν Χερουβεὶμ
καὶ ἐνδοξοτέραν ἀσυγκρίτως τῶν Σεραφείμ,
τὴν ἀδιαφθόρως Θεὸν Λόγον τεκοῦσαν,
τὴν ὄντως Θεοτόκον,
σὲ μεγαλύνομεν.

It is truly right
to bless thee, O Theotokos,
the ever blessed, and most pure,
and the Mother of our God.

More honorable than the cherubim,
and beyond compare more glorious than the seraphim,
who without corruption gavest birth to God the Word,
the true Theotokos,
we magnify thee.

The second half of the hymn, beginning with the words, "More honorable than the cherubim..." is the older part of the hymn, and is an Irmos attributed to St. Cosmas the Hymnographer (d. 773). The introduction, "It is truly meet..." was, according to tradition, revealed by the Archangel Gabriel to a monk on Mount Athos, in the late 10th century.

Liturgical use

The hymn is chanted at Matins, Compline, and other services; but its most important occurrence is at the Divine Liturgy, where it is chanted at the conclusion of the Anaphora. The second half of the hymn, "More honorable…" is frequently chanted before the dismissal which concludes services.

Often, the chanting of this hymn is followed by either a metania or a prostration.

Liturgical translations

The hymn in Church Slavonic is:

Досто́йно єсть я́кѡ вои́стину блажи́ти Тѧ,
Богоро́дицу, Присноблажєнную и Прєнєпоро́чную, и Ма́тєрь Бо́га на́шєгѡ.
Чєстнѣйшую Хєрувім
и сла́внѣйшую бєзъ сравнєнїѧ Сєрафім,
бєзъ истлѣнїѧ Бо́га Сло́ва ро́ждшую,
су́щую Богоро́дицу Тѧ вєлича́ємъ.

Dostoyno yest’ yako voistinu blazhiti Tya,
Bohoroditsu, Prisnoblazhennuyu i Preneporochnuyu, i Mater’ Boha nasheho.
Chestniyshuyu Kheruvim
i slavniyshuyu bez sravneniya Serafim,
bez istliniya Boha Slova rozhdshuyu,
sushchuyu Bohoroditsu Tya velichaem.

The hymn in Romanian is:

Cuvine-se cu adevărat
să te fericim Născătoare de Dumnezeu,
cea pururea fericită și preanevinovată și maica Dumnezeului nostru. Ceea ce ești
mai cinstită decât Heruvimii
și mai mărită fără de asemănare decât Serafimii.
Care fără stricăciune, pe Dumnezeu Cuvântul ai născut.
Pe tine cea cu adevărat Născătoare de Dumnezeu, te mărim.

Hymns in place of the Axion Estin

Icon of the Theotokos, "All of Creation Rejoices in Thee."

During the Divine Liturgy, Axion Estin is sometimes replaced by another hymn to the Theotokos. These hymns are referred to in the service books as "in place of Axion Estin" (Slavonic: Задосто́йник, Zadostoynik), or by the term "eis to Exairetos", meaning "at the Especially (petition)," from the petition that precedes them calling "especially" for the intercessions of the Theotokos.

At the Liturgy of St. Basil, it has since the 14th century[3] been replaced by the hymn:

In Greek:

Ἐπὶ σοὶ χαίρει, Κεχαριτωμένη, πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις.
Ἀγγέλων τὸ σύστημα καὶ ἀνθρώπων τὸ γένος,
ἡγιασμένε ναὲ καὶ παράδεισε λογικέ,
παρθενικὸν καύχημα, ἐξ ἧς Θεός ἐσαρκώθη
καὶ παιδίον γέγονεν, ὁ πρὸ αἰώνων ὑπάρχων Θεὸς ἡμῶν·
τὴν γὰρ σὴν μήτραν θρόνον ἐποίησε,
καὶ τὴν σὴν γαστέρα πλατυτέραν οὐρανῶν ἀπειργάσατο.
Ἐπὶ σοὶ χαίρει, Κεχαριτωμένη, πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις
δόξα σοι.

Translation thereof:

All of Creation rejoices in thee, O full of grace:
the angels in heaven and the race of men,
O sanctified temple and spiritual paradise,
the glory of virgins, of whom God was incarnate
and became a child, our God before the ages.
He made thy body into a throne,
and thy womb more spacious than the heavens.
All of creation rejoices in thee, O full of grace:
Glory be to thee.

On the Great Feasts, it is replaced by the Irmos of the ninth Ode of the Canon of the Feast.

During Paschaltide (Pentecostarion) Axion estin is replaced in Anaphora by The Angel Cried-hymn:

In Greek:

Ὁ῎Αγγελος ἐβόα τῇ Κεχαριτωμένῃ·
῾Αγνή, Παρθένε χαῖρε, καί πάλιν ἐρῶ χαῖρε,
ὁ σός Υἱός ἀνέστη, τριήμερος ἐκ τάφου.

Φωτίζου, φωτίζου, ἡ νέα Ἱερουσαλήμ,
ἡ γὰρ δόξα Κυρίου ἐπὶ σὲ ἀνέτειλε,
Χόρευε νῦν, καὶ ἀγάλλου Σιών,
σὺ δὲ ἁγνή, τέρπου Θεοτόκε,
ἐν τῇ ἐγέρσει τοῦ τόκου σου.

Translation:

The angel cried to the Lady Full of Grace:
Rejoice, O Pure Virgin! Again I say: Rejoice!
Your Son is risen from His three days in the tomb!
With Himself He has raised all the dead!
Rejoice, all you people!

Shine! Shine! O New Jerusalem!
The Glory of the Lord has shone on you!
Exalt now and be glad, O Zion!
Be radiant, O Pure Theotokos,
in the Resurrection of your Son!

Icon

Axion Estin is also the name given to the icon of the Theotokos (Mother of God) before which, according to tradition, the hymn was revealed. It stands in the high place of the altar (sanctuary) of the katholikon (main church) of Karyes on Mount Athos.

According to tradition, an Elder and his disciple lived in a cell[4] on Mount Athos. One Saturday night the Elder left to attend the All-Night Vigil in Karyes. He told his disciple to chant the service alone. That evening an unknown monk who called himself Gabriel, came to the cell, and they began the Vigil together. During the Ninth Ode of the Canon, when they began to sing the Magnificat, the disciple sang the original hymn "More honorable than the Cherubim…" and afterwards the visiting monk chanted it again, but with "It is truly meet…" preceding the original Irmos. As he sang, the icon began to radiate with Uncreated Light. When the disciple asked the visiting monk to write the words of the new hymn down, he took a roof tile and wrote on it with his finger, as though the tile were made of wax. The disciple knew then that this was no ordinary monk, but the Archangel Gabriel. At that moment the Archangel disappeared, but the icon of the Mother of God continued to radiate light for some time afterward.

The Eleousa ("merciful") Icon of the Mother of God, before which the hymn "It Is Truly Meet" was first chanted, was transferred to the katholikon (main church) at Karyes, known as the Protaton. The tile, with the hymn written on it, was taken to Constantinople when St. Nicholas II Chrysoberges was Patriarch (984-996).

Since that time the icon has been considered the protector of the Holy Mountain and its holiest object.

Feast Day

The feast day celebrating the revelation of the hymn by the Archangel Gabriel, and the Icon of the Theotokos of the same name, is celebrated on June 11.

See also

References

  1. ↑ In the archaic sense of the word; see "magnification". "magnify". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ↑ Speake, Graham (2014). Mount Athos: renewal in paradise. Limni, Evia, Greece: Denise Harvey. ISBN 978-960-7120-34-2. OCLC 903320491.
  3. ↑ "Venerable Gregory Domesticus of the Great Lavra of Mt Athos", Retrieved 2014-04-15
  4. ↑ "Ιερό Κελλί «Άξιον Εστί» | Άγιο Όρος". Retrieved 24 September 2023.
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