Jim Harris
Harris in 2008
Leader of the Green Party of Canada
In office
14 February 2003 – 26 August 2006
Preceded byChris Bradshaw
Succeeded byElizabeth May
President of the Green Party of Ontario
In office
2001–2003
Personal details
Born (1961-02-12) 12 February 1961
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Political partyGreen
Ontario Green
Other political
affiliations		Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (???-1985)
Alma materLakefield College School
Occupationauthor, management consultant

James R. M. Harris (born 12 February 1961) is a Canadian author, environmentalist, and politician. He was leader of the Green Party of Canada from 2003 to 2006, when he was succeeded by Elizabeth May.

Early life and Green activism

Harris was born in Toronto, attended Lakefield College School, and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and History from Queen's University in Kingston in the 1980s.[1] Initially a Progressive Conservative,[2] he was converted to green politics in 1985 after reading Green Politics by Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak, which highlights the rise of the German Greens. Harris worked as the national press officer of the British Green Party in 1987.[3]

He helped organize the Ontario Green Party's campaign in the 1990 provincial election, and was himself a candidate in the Toronto division of St. Andrew—St. Patrick.[4] In this election, he spoke against a provincial government decision to build more nuclear reactors in the province.[5] The Green Party fielded 40 candidates and received 33,000 votes, a significant increase from seven candidates and 3,000 votes in the previous 1987 election. Harris finished fourth in his constituency.

Harris campaigned for Mayor of Toronto in the 1991 municipal election, as an independent candidate supporting green policies. He called for water conservation and a ban on city pesticide spraying, and supported stricter gun control.[6] Considered a fringe candidate, he finished well behind frontrunners June Rowlands and Jack Layton.

In 1993, Harris and other Ontario Greens sought and won a change in the party's constitution allowing for the election of a full-time leader. The party had been nominally led by Katherine Mathewson in the 1990 election, but she held little influence over the campaign or policy. Harris and others argued that electing a full-time leader would allow the Green Party to organize professionally, and present a united message in future elections. Harris stood for the leadership, and lost to Frank de Jong. De Jong later supported Harris in his bid to become federal leader, while Harris endorsed de Jong's bid for re-election as provincial leader in 2001.[7]

Harris was a Toronto organizer for the federal Green Party for the 1993 election, recruiting seventeen candidates in the area. New legislation brought in before the election required a party to run 50 candidate or suffer de-registration and lose its assets. By fielding seventeen candidates in the Toronto region (which then had roughly twenty-two ridings) the Toronto team presented over one-third of the national requirement. Harris stood for election in St. Paul's, and finished sixth.

Harris campaigned for leader of the Green Party of Canada in 1997, and finished second against Joan Russow.[8] He was elected as the first president of the Green Party of Ontario in 2001, and served in that capacity until moving to the federal arena in 2003.[9][10]

Author and speaker

Harris has written six books, two of which have been national best-sellers in Canada. He also delivers speeches on change and leadership in the corporate sector, and was forced to miss at least one campaign appearance in 2004 to fulfill a prior speaking engagement.[11] Association Magazine has ranked him as one of Canada's top speakers. He spoke at about fifty international conferences a year before becoming GPC leader, and conducts strategic planning sessions with executive teams on leadership, change, CRM, eLearning, innovation and creating learning organizations.

His second book, The Learning Paradox, was nominated for the National Business Book Award in Canada and appeared on several bestseller lists. In this work, Harris argues that Canadians should embrace new learning to gain usable skills for a business community grounded in rapid technological change.[12] Books for Business ranked it as one of the top-10 business books in North America. Harris co-authored the second edition of The 100 Best Companies to Work for in Canada, which sold over 50,000 copies in Canada. A more recent book, Blindsided!, has been published in over 80 countries.[13]

National leader

2004 campaign

Harris was elected leader of the Green Party of Canada on 14 February 2003, defeating Jason Crummey and John Grogan with over 81% of the votes cast by delegates.[14] He replaced interim leader Chris Bradshaw, who led the party from 2001 to 2003. In his campaign for the leadership, Harris asked the membership to elect his preferred slate of council candidates. Other than leadership contestants, council candidates were not given the membership list to use in their campaign despite the green party constitution clearly offering them that right.

Harris attempted to shift the GPC away from an exclusively environmentalist message, and often described the party's ideology as socially progressive and fiscally conservative and as the only party committed to sustainability.[15] He has rejected the argument that voting for the Greens will elect Conservative candidates through vote-splitting, arguing that his party takes support from across the traditional political spectrum.[16]

The party conducted a high-profile campaign in the 2004 election under Harris's leadership, running candidates in all federal ridings for the first time in its history. The 2004 GPC platform, produced by wiki technology called LivingPlatform. As such the GPC was the first party worldwide to use a wiki—and an open process—to develop its platform. More than 60,000 people participated in the final selection of platform planks.

The Living Platform emphasized full cost accounting, the "triple bottom line" (social, financial, environmental) and the green tax shift.[17] The party's fiscal policy proposed taxing polluting activities and non-renewable resources more and incomes less on a revenue-neutral basis. The plan also proposed selective tax cuts on corporate income, which alienated some left-of-centre Greens.

Despite their increased profile, Greens were not invited to the leadership debates. Harris complained of a double standard, as the Bloc Québécois had been included despite not fielding candidates in all ridings. The CRTC defended the right of the broadcasters' consortium to decide on participants and refused to overturn the party's exclusion.[18]

On the eve of the 2004 election, Harris argued that as the NDP won nine seats with 6.9% of the vote in 1993, if the Greens would elect MPs if they could match or surpass that threshold.[19] The party received 582,247 votes (4.3%), but failed to elect any candidates. Harris campaigned in Toronto—Danforth and finished fourth against New Democratic Party leader Jack Layton with 2,575 votes (5.4%) – 400 votes behind the Conservative candidate.

Criticism and 2004 leadership challenge

Harris's leadership of the Green Party was controversial. He described himself as an ecological conservative and eco-capitalist, and attempted to shift the party to the right on some issues.[20] Some party members criticized Harris in August 2004 for hiring David Scrymgeour, a former national director of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and aide to Jim Flaherty, as an advisor.[21] His opponents also accused him of shifting too much authority to the party leadership, while reducing the power of local associations.

Following the 2004 election, Harris was challenged for the leadership by Tom Manley, a prominent party activist from eastern Ontario. Manley argued that Harris was shifting the GPC too far to the right, and was abandoning the party's traditional emphasis on local production in favour of greater accommodation with corporate interests.[22] Harris won re-election as GPC leader in August 2004 on the first ballot count, though by a narrower margin than before.[23] Manley was later appointed deputy leader, but left the GPC in 2005 to join the Liberals.

A number of prominent Greens tendered their resignations during Harris's tenure as leader, with many accusing him of mismanaging the party.[24]

Late in 2005, columnist Murray Dobbin wrote two articles accusing Harris of betraying the Green Party's progressive principles and using authoritarian methods to consolidate power. The second article, published in December 2005, noted that four of the party's eleven officers either resigned in protest or were suspended in the previous year, while a number of key positions were allowed to remain vacant. Dobbin also asserted that Harris's opponents believe he was responsible for undermining the "Living Platform", ignoring fundraising and policy development, and reducing party democracy.[25]

Harris's supporters accused Dobbin of conducting a partisan smear campaign and of ignoring Harris's environmental credentials. Bill Hulet also defended Harris's efforts to reform the party structure, describing the existing system as an "absolute nightmare" because of consensus policy requirements that give small minorities the right to override majority decisions.[26] Harris has defended his record as party leader, noting that membership increased significantly during his tenure rising from approximately 700 members in the summer of 2003 to over 10,000 on the eve of the 2006 Leadership Convention.[27]

2006 campaign

As in 2004, Harris unsuccessfully called for the Green Party to be included in the televised leadership debates for the 2006 election.[28] Three days before the election, he predicted that his party would win one million votes.[29] The Greens increased their total to 665,940 votes (4.5%), but again failed to elect any candidates. Harris was a candidate in Beaches—East York, and finished fourth against Liberal incumbent Maria Minna.

The GPC's internal divisions were exposed during the election when former assistant national organizer Matthew Pollesel, who left the Green Party following a contract dispute, accused Harris of mismanaging the party's finances. Pollesel charged that money had been spent without proper reporting, and called for Elections Canada to investigate possible wrongdoing.[30] In addition, Dana Miller, a former party candidate who was not permitted to run in 2006, later called on Elections Canada to investigate Harris's expenses from the 2004 leadership contest.[31] Harris described the accusation as "false, groundless and scurrilous",[32] and the party threatened a libel lawsuit in each case, though no suits were actually filed. On 24 April 2006, Jim Harris announced that he would not stand for re-election as party leader at the Green Party of Canada's August 2006 National Convention.[33] On 26 August 2006, he was succeeded as leader by long-time environmental activist and former Sierra Club of Canada Executive Director Elizabeth May.

Post-leadership

Harris has remained active in the Green Party, maintaining blogs on the websites of both the federal Green Party and the Ontario Green Party. He continues to actively campaign for Green candidates.[34] His Twitter profile is currently promoting Bernie Sanders.[35]

Electoral record

2006 Canadian federal election: Beaches—East York
Party Candidate Votes%Expenditures
LiberalMaria Minna20,67840.39$73,454.03
New DemocraticMarilyn Churley17,90034.96$74,996.37
ConservativePeter Conroy9,23818.04$74,667.09
GreenJim Harris3,1066.07$9,644.25
Progressive CanadianJim Love1830.36$244.26
Marxist–LeninistRoger Carter910.18
Total valid votes 51,196 100.00
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots 168
Turnout 51,364 70.51
Electors on the lists 72,844
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
2004 Canadian federal election: Toronto—Danforth
Party Candidate Votes%Expenditures
New DemocraticJack Layton22,19846.34$72,101.01
LiberalDennis Mills19,80341.34$73,909.41
ConservativeLoftus Cuddy2,9756.21$12,400.00
GreenJim Harris2,5755.38$11,139.51
MarijuanaScott Yee2650.55$0.00
Marxist–LeninistMarcell Rodden840.18$0.00
Total valid votes 47,900 100.00
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots 269
Turnout 48,169 64.10
Electors on the lists 75,151
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution. Conservative Party percentages are contrasted with the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative percentages from 2000.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
1997 Canadian federal election: Toronto Centre—Rosedale
Party Candidate Votes%Expenditures
LiberalBill Graham22,94549.19$48,649
New DemocraticDavid MacDonald9,59720.58$44,147
Progressive ConservativeStephen Probyn8,99319.28$54,733
ReformJohn Stewart3,6467.82$21,213
GreenJim Harris5771.24$0
Canadian ActionAnthony Robert Pedrette3030.65$767
Natural LawRon Parker2700.58$0
Marxist–LeninistStephen Rutchinski1660.36$0
Forward CanadaTed W. Kulp1450.31$435
Total valid votes 46,642 100.00
Total rejected, unmarked and declined ballots 423
Turnout 47,065 67.01
Electors on the lists 70,234
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
1993 Canadian federal election: St. Paul's (electoral district)
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalBarry Campbell27,87854.4+13.6
Progressive ConservativeIsabel Bassett12,50024.4-23.1
ReformPaul Chaplin5,70711.1
New DemocraticDavid Jacobs2,6295.1-4.9
NationalMario Godlewski1,2532.4
GreenJim Harris4911.0+0.3
Natural LawRick C. Weberg3140.6
IndependentJim Conrad2620.5
LibertarianRick Stenhouse1070.2-0.4
Marxist–LeninistDavid Gershuny870.2
AbolitionistMarion Velma Joyce190.0
Commonwealth of CanadaMike Twose100.0
Total valid votes 51,257100.0
1991 Toronto municipal election:
Mayor of Toronto
Candidate Total votes  % of total votes
June Rowlands 113,993 58.53
Jack Layton 64,044 32.88
Susan Fish 8,123 4.17
Don Andrews 1,968 1.01
Jim Harris 1,760 0.90
Ken Campbell 1,708 0.88
Joe Young 1,196 0.61
William McKeown 1,023 0.53
Ben Kerr 952 0.49
Total valid votes 194,767 100.00

The above results are taken from the Toronto Star newspaper, 14 November 1991, E8.

1990 Ontario general election: St. Andrew—St. Patrick
Party Candidate Votes%
New DemocraticZanana Akande10,32134.45
Progressive ConservativeNancy Jackman9,24130.85
LiberalRon Kanter8,93829.84
GreenJim Harris1,1123.71
LibertarianDouglas Quinn3441.15
Total valid votes 29,956 100.00
Rejected, unmarked and discarded votes 377
Turnout 30,333 66.89
Electors on the lists 45,347

The federal and provincial electoral information is taken from Elections Canada and Elections Ontario. Italicized expenditures from elections after 1997 refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available. Expenditures from 1997 refer to submitted totals.

References

  1. ↑ "A sketch of Jim Harris, leader of the Green Party", Canadian Press NewsWire, 25 November 2005.
  2. ↑ Tim Naumetz, "Greens enjoy upsurge in polls", CanWest News, 13 April 2004, p. 1.
  3. ↑ "Jim Harris profile, Globe and Mail, 2004 federal election". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  4. ↑ Bruce DeMara, "Greens joins the race – quirks and all", Toronto Star, 21 August 1990, A9.
  5. ↑ "St. Andrew-St. Patrick", Toronto Star, 3 September 1990, A7.
  6. ↑ "City of Toronto Mayor, Councillors", Toronto Star, 7 November 1991, G1.
  7. ↑ "Re-elect Frank de Jong as Leader of the Green Party of Ontario", web document, 2001. Harris's endorsement reads as follows: "I have only the greatest admiration for Frank de Jong. He is committed to Green Politics, he helps and nurtures people in the movement and has been tireless in building the party to a point where we will run candidates in all 103 ridings in Ontario. I can't think of anyone better qualified to lead the Ontario Greens into the 21st century."
  8. ↑ Alberta Green newsletter, Summer '97 Archived 8 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Rachelle Small finished third.
  9. ↑ Harris, Jim (3 December 2008). "A Green Sabbatical". Green Party of Canada. Archived from the original on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  10. ↑ "Former Green Party leader available for provincial election commentary". ecostrategy.ca. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  11. ↑ "Green leader's day job derails campaign stop", Windsor Star, 11 June 2004, A11.
  12. ↑ Michael Kane, "Embrace learning, author says", Calgary Herald, 31 October 1998, H1.
  13. ↑ Jim Harris profile, Globe and Mail.
  14. ↑ "Jim Harris – New Leader of the Green Party of Canada", Alberta Green, Spring 2003 Archived 8 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine (Volume 15 Number 1), p. 1. Harris received 437 votes, Grogan 76 and Crummey 24.
  15. ↑ "Greens not quite what the seem", Toronto Star, 14 June 2004, A18.
  16. ↑ "Green Party won't pull a Nader, says leader", Edmonton Journal, 29 May 2004, A4.
  17. ↑ Green Party of Canada, Living Platform (online document) Archived 28 August 2005 at the Wayback Machine. The "green tax shift" is explained here Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  18. ↑ "Green's Harris protests debate exclusion again", CTV news, 15 July 2004, 16:32 report.
  19. ↑ Jonathan Woodward, "Green Party leader hopes to score nine seats today", The Province, 28 June 2004, A6.
  20. ↑ Doug Ward, "Fiscal conservative now ecological conservative", Vancouver Sun, 11 June 2004, A5.
  21. ↑ Bill Curry, "Controversial Tory joins Greens", Vancouver Sun, 20 August 2004, A6.
  22. ↑ Curry, "Controversial Tory"
  23. ↑ Draft Minutes, Ninth General Convention of the Green Party of Canada Archived 6 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine, 29 August 2004. Harris received 524 votes, against 352 for Manley and 74 for Grogan.
  24. ↑ See for instance Hayley Easto, resignation letter, 2005, Lise Racicot resigns GPC Council, 2005-06-10, Andy Shadrack resigns GPC Committee, 2005-06-15, Kathryn Holloway resigns GPC Council, committees and nomination, 2005-06-08 Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Michael Oddy resigns GPC Shadow Cabinet, 2005-10-24 Archived 18 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Some described the resignations as provoking a "crisis" in the Green Party. See for instance this site, produced by Wiki technology, which is critical of Harris's leadership. Former leader Joan Russow accused Harris of acting like a "dictator" in his management of the party. See Mary Nersessian, "Jim Harris: Jump on the Green train", CTV news, Election 2006 report.
  25. ↑ Murray Dobbin, "Green Party Blues", The Walrus, July/August 2005 and Murray Dobbin, "Why the Greens aren't very Green", The Tyee, 16 December 2005.
  26. ↑ Bill Hulet, review of "Green Party Blues", GreenPartyReview.ca, , 18 July 2005. Archived 23 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ↑ Mary Nersessian, "Jim Harris: Jump on the Green Train", CTV.ca, 2006; See also Kate Jaimet, "The blossoming of the Green party", Ottawa Citizen, 13 May 2006, B4.
  28. ↑ "Greens seeing red over televised election debates", Toronto Star, 4 December 2005, 04:50 report.
  29. ↑ Mike Sadava, "Greens expect a million votes", Edmonton Journal, 21 January 2006, A5.
  30. ↑ Philip Jalsevac, "Greens believe in their leader", 20 December 2005, Kitchener-Waterloo Record, A5.
  31. ↑ Dennis Bueckert, "New complaint aimed at Greens", Calgary Herald, 29 December 2005, A4.
  32. ↑ Mary Agnes Welch, "Green Party leader to sue ex-worker", Winnipeg Free Press, 20 December 2005, A6.
  33. ↑ "Harris to give up on Green leadership" , Globe and Mail, 24 April 2006.
  34. ↑ "Green Party of Canada | Former PM Joe Clark a "political orphan"". greenparty.ca. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  35. ↑ "@JimHarris" on Twitter
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