Lists of capitals
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In alphabetical order By latitude By population By area Capital is not their largest city Former Multiple capitals Purpose-built Situated on an international border Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500) Timeline of geopolitical changes (1500–1899) Timeline of geopolitical changes (1900−1999) Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000−present)
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Some countries have multiple capitals. In some cases, one city is the capital for some purposes, and one or more others are capital for other purposes, without any being considered an official capital in preference to the others.

There are also cases where there is a single legally defined capital, but one or more other cities operate as the seat of government of some or all parts of the national government.

More than one capital at present

  More than one capital at present

  More than one capital in the past

Country	Capitals	Details
Bolivia	Sucre	Constitutional capital
	La Paz	De facto executive capital
Eswatini	Mbabane	Administrative capital
	Lobamba	Legislative capital (parliament) and place of royal residence
Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	Constitutional and legislative capital (parliament), seat of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
	Putrajaya	Administrative centre and judicial capital; variously referred to as the administrative capital[1]
Netherlands	Amsterdam	Official capital
	The Hague	Legislative capital (parliament)
South Africa	Pretoria	Administrative and executive capital
	Bloemfontein	Judicial capital
	Cape Town	Legislative capital (parliament)
Sri Lanka	Colombo	Executive and judicial capital
	Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte	Legislative capital (parliament)

More than one capital in the past

These countries have had two cities that served as administrative capitals at the same time, for various reasons such as war, weather or partition. In some cases, the second capital is considered a temporary capital.

Country	Year(s)	Capitals	Details
Afghanistan	1776–1818	Kabul	Summer capital
		Peshawar	Winter capital
British India	1858–1947	Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) (1858–1911)	Administrative capital
		New Delhi (1911–1947)
		Shimla (formerly Simla)	Summer capital
Austria-Hungary	1873–1918	Vienna	Cisleithania
		Budapest	Kingdom of Hungary
Republic of China	1937–1945	Nanjing	Capital of the Japanese-controlled puppet state
		Chongqing	Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China
	1945–1991	Nanjing	Administrative, legislative, and judicial capital (claimed between the 1949 Retreat and the 1992 Consensus)
		Taipei	Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China on Taiwan
France	1940–1944	Vichy	De facto administrative capital
		Paris	De jure constitutional capital, also capital for the German military administration
Kingdom of Italy	1943–1944	Brindisi (1943–Feb 1944)	De facto provisional capital
		Salerno (Feb–Jun 1944)
		Rome	De jure capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies
Italian Social Republic	1943–1944	Salò	De facto capital until 1944 when it became the primary capital
		Rome	De jure capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies
Laos	1947–1975	Vientiane	Administrative capital
		Luang Prabang	Royal capital
Libya	1951–1963	Tripoli	One of two official capitals of the Kingdom of Libya, then Bayda became the capital of Libya from 1963 to 1969
		Benghazi
Malawi	1974–1994	Lilongwe	Administrative and judiciary capital
		Zomba	Legislative capital
Norway	1940	Oslo	Official capital
		Hamar	Temporarily one-day capital that seated the parliament[2]
Philippines	1948–1976	Quezon City	Official capital
		Manila	De facto seat of government
	1901–1976	Baguio	Summer capital (still known as summer capital, outside of political use)
Serbia and Montenegro	2003–2006	Belgrade	Administrative and legislative capital
		Podgorica	Judicial capital

See also

• List of national capitals
• List of purpose-built national capitals

References