Kozhikode Corporation

കോഴിക്കോട് നഗരസഭ
Type
Type
Term limits
None
History
Founded1962 (1962)
Leadership
Mrunmai Joshi
Structure
Seats75
Political groups
  •   LDF: 49 seats
  •   UDF: 14 seats
  •   NDA: 7 seats
  •   Independent: 5 seats
Committees
  • Finance Standing Committee
  • Development Standing Committee
  • Welfare Standing Committee
  • Health Standing Committee
  • Public Works Standing Committee
  • Town Planning Standing Committee
  • Tax Appeal Standing Committee
  • Education & Sports Standing Committee[1]
Length of term
5 years
Elections
First-past-the-post
Last election
2020
Next election
2025
Meeting place
Corporation Office, Kozhikode
Website
kozhikodecorporation.lsgkerala.gov.in

Kozhikode Corporation is the municipal corporation that administers the city of Kozhikode (Calicut), Kerala. Established in 1962, it is in the Kozhikode parliamentary constituency. The first mayor was H. Manjunatha Rao. Its four assembly constituencies are Kozhikode North (State Assembly constituency), Kozhikode South (State Assembly constituency), Beypore (State Assembly constituency) and Elathur (State Assembly constituency).[2] The Corporation is headed by a Mayor and council,[3] and manages 118.58 km2 of the city of Kozhikode, with a population of about 609,224 within that area.[4] Kozhikode Municipal Corporation has been formed with functions to improve the infrastructure of town.

History

The ancient port of Tyndis which was located on the northern side of Muziris, as mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, was somewhere around Kozhikode.[5] Its exact location is a matter of dispute.[5] The suggested locations are Ponnani, Tanur, Beypore-Chaliyam-Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu, and Koyilandy.[5] Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras and the Roman Empire.[6] Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) states that the port of Tyndis was located at the northwestern border of Keprobotos (Chera dynasty).[7] The North Malabar region, which lies north of the port at Tyndis, was ruled by the kingdom of Ezhimala during Sangam period.[8] According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a region known as Limyrike began at Naura and Tyndis. However the Ptolemy mentions only Tyndis as the Limyrike's starting point. The region probably ended at Kanyakumari; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day Malabar Coast. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 sesterces.[9] Pliny the Elder mentioned that Limyrike was prone by pirates.[10] The Cosmas Indicopleustes mentioned that the Limyrike was a source of peppers.[11][12]

In the 14th century, Kozhikode conquered larger parts of central Kerala after the seize of Tirunavaya region from Valluvanad, which were under the control of the king of Perumbadappu Swaroopam (Cochin). The ruler of Perumpadappu was forced to shift his capital (c. CE 1405) further south from Kodungallur to Kochi. In the 15th century, the status of Cochin was reduced to a vassal state of Kozhikode, thus leading to the emergence of Kozhikode as the most powerful kingdom on the medieval Malabar Coast.[13]

Kozhikode was the largest city in the Indian state of Kerala under the rule of Zamorin of Calicut, an independent kingdom based at Kozhikode. It remained so until 18th century CE. Under British Raj, it acted as the headquarters of Malabar District, one of the two districts in the western coast of erstwhile Madras Presidency. The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position in medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur, Kollam, and Kochi, were commercially important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world would gather.[14] The Portuguese arrived at Kappad Kozhikode in 1498 during the Age of Discovery, thus opening a direct sea route from Europe to South Asia.[15] The port at Kozhikode was the gateway to South Indian coast for the Arabs, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and finally the British.[13] The Kunjali Marakkars, who were the naval chief of the Zamorin of Kozhikode, are credited with organizing the first naval defense of the Indian coast.[16] During the British rule, Malabar's chief importance lay in producing pepper.[17] Kozhikode municipality was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850)[18][19][20][21] of the British Indian Empire, making it the first modern municipality in the state. It was upgraded into a Municipal Corporation in 1962, making it the second-oldest Municipal Corporation in the state.

Revenue sources

The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.[22][23][24]

Revenue from taxes

Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.

  • Property tax.
  • Profession tax.
  • Entertainment tax.
  • Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
  • Advertisement tax.

Revenue from non-tax sources

Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.

  • Water usage charges.
  • Fees from Documentation services.
  • Rent received from municipal property.
  • Funds from municipal bonds.

Divisions

Kozhikode Municipal Corporation is divided into 75 wards for ease of administration from which a member is elected from each for a duration of five years.[25][26]

Wards of Kozhikode Municipal Corporation
Ward No. Ward Name Ward No. Ward Name Ward No. Ward Name
1 Elathur 2 Chettikulam 3 Eranjikkal
4 Puthur 5 Mokavur 6 Kunduparamba
7 Karuvissery 8 Malaparamba 9 Thadambattuthazham
10 Vengery 11 Poolakadavu 12 Paropady
13 Civil Station 14 Chevarambalam 15 Vellimadukunnu
(Silver Hills)
16 Moozhikkal 17 Chelavoor 18 Mayanad
19 Medical College South 20 Medical College 21 Chevayur
22 Kovoor 23 Nellikode 24 Kudilthode
25 Kottooli 26 Parayanchery 27 Puthiyara
28 Kuthiravattom 29 Pottammal 30 Kommery
31 Kuttiyilthazham 32 Pokkunnu 33 Kinassery
34 Mankavu 35 Azhchavattom 36 Kallayi
37 Panniyankara 38 Meenchanda 39 Thiruvannur
40 Areekad North 41 Areekad 42 Nallalam
43 Kolathara 44 Kundayithodu 45 Cheruvannur East
46 Cheruvannur West 47 Beypore Port 48 Beypore
49 Marad 50 Naduvattam 51 Punjappadam
52 Arakkinar 53 Mathottam 54 Kappakkal
55 Payyanakkal 56 Chakkumkadavu 57 Mukhador
58 Kuttichira 59 Chalappuram 60 Palayam
61 Valiyangadi 62 Moonnalingal 63 Thiruthiyad
64 Eranhipalam 65 Nadakkavu 66 Vellayil
67 Thoppayil 68 Chakkorathkulam 69 Karaparamba
70 East Hill 71 Athanikkal 72 West Hill
73 Edakkad 74 Puthiyangadi 75 Puthiyappa

Corporation Election 2020

Political Performance in Election 2020

S.No.Party NameParty symbolNumber of Corporators
01LDF49
02UDF14
03BJP07
04Independents5

2015 seat distribution: LDF - 50, UDF - 18, BJP- 7

References

  1. ↑ http://lsgkerala.gov.in/pages/standingCommittee.php?intID=4&ID=171&ln=en
  2. ↑ Kozhikode Lok Sabha constituency redrawn Delimitation impact, The Hindu 5 February 2008
  3. ↑ "Kozhikode Corporation, Councillors" (PDF). kozhikode corporation. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  4. ↑ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011" (PDF). Population of the urban local bodies in Kerala (2011). Government of Kerala. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007). A Survey of Kerala History. DC Books. ISBN 9788126415786.
  6. ↑ Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010
  7. ↑ Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. Journal of Roman Archaeology, 14, 334-350.
  8. ↑ A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History
  9. ↑ According to Pliny the Elder, goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See
  10. ↑ Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis.
  11. ↑ Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373.
  12. ↑ Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301.
  13. 1 2 Sreedhara Menon, A. (January 2007). Kerala Charitram (2007 ed.). Kottayam: DC Books. ISBN 978-81-264-1588-5. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  14. ↑ The Portuguese, Indian Ocean and European Bridgeheads 1500–1800. Festschrift in Honour of Prof. K. S. Mathew (2001). Edited by: Pius Malekandathil and T. Jamal Mohammed. Fundacoa Oriente. Institute for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities of MESHAR (Kerala)
  15. ↑ DC Books, Kottayam (2007), A. Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History
  16. ↑ Singh, Arun Kumar (11 February 2017). "Give Indian Navy its due". The Asian Age. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  17. ↑ Pamela Nightingale, ‘Jonathan Duncan (bap. 1756, d. 1811)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009
  18. ↑ "CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF CENTRAL ACTS (Updated up to 17-10-2014)". Lawmin.nic.in. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  19. ↑ Lewis McIver, G. Stokes (1883). Imperial Census of 1881 Operations and Results in the Presidency of Madras ((Vol II) ed.). Madras: E.Keys at the Government Press. p. 444. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  20. ↑ Presidency, Madras (India (1915). Madras District Gazetteers, Statistical Appendix For Malabar District (Vol.2 ed.). Madras: The Superintendent, Government Press. p. 20. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  21. ↑ HENRY FROWDE, M.A., Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908–1909). Imperial Gazetteer of India (New ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  22. ↑ Jadhav, Radheshyam (3 December 2020). "Why civic bodies in India need municipal bonds". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  23. ↑ "Municipal corporations under severe strain as revenues sink: RBI Report". Business Today. 2 December 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  24. ↑ "If cities are to deliver better quality life, need to have business models which are sustainable". Financialexpress. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  25. ↑ "Kozhikode Corporation - Standing Committee (2020)". lsgkerala.gov.in.
  26. ↑ "Local Body Elections Kerala - 2020". Trend Kerala 2020.
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