Zeytinburnu
District and municipality
Dikilitaş neighborhood of Zeytinburnu
Dikilitaş neighborhood of Zeytinburnu
Map showing Zeytinburnu District in Istanbul Province
Map showing Zeytinburnu District in Istanbul Province
Zeytinburnu is located in Turkey
Zeytinburnu
Zeytinburnu
Location in Turkey
Zeytinburnu is located in Istanbul
Zeytinburnu
Zeytinburnu
Zeytinburnu (Istanbul)
Coordinates: 40°58′59″N 28°53′59″E / 40.98306°N 28.89972°E / 40.98306; 28.89972
CountryTurkey
ProvinceIstanbul
Government
 • MayorÖmer Arısoy (AKP)
Area
12 km2 (5 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
292,616
 • Density24,000/km2 (63,000/sq mi)
Time zoneTRT (UTC+3)
Area code0212
Websitezeytinburnu.istanbul

Zeytinburnu (literally, Olive Cape) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.[2] Its area is 12 km2,[3] and its population is 292,616 (2022).[1] It is a working-class area on the European side of Istanbul, Turkey, on the shore of the Marmara Sea just outside the walls of the ancient city, beyond the fortress of Yedikule. The mayor is Ömer Arısoy (AK Party).

Geography

Zeytinburnu is located on the part of Çatalca peninsula that is apart from historical peninsula with Walls of Constantinople and overlooks to the Marmara Sea in İstanbul. Its altitude generally increases from south to north, and in south districts (Sümer, Nuripaşa, Kazlıçeşme etc.) embankments, alluvium and former stream beds lay while in north districts (Beştelsiz, Telsiz, Maltepe etc.) wearing surfaces of Bakırköy member (limestone with intercalated clay) lay.[4]

In addition Zeytinburnu is next to the west part of the North Anatolian Fault, according to KOERI-UDİM possibility of an earthquake with M=7.0 in the next 50 years is 60,2% so Zeytinburnu is seismically at risk.[5]

Composition

There are 13 neighbourhoods in Zeytinburnu District:[6]

  • Beştelsiz
  • Çırpıcı
  • Gökalp
  • Kazlıçeşme
  • Maltepe
  • Merkezefendi
  • Nuripaşa
  • Seyitnizam
  • Sümer
  • Telsiz
  • Veliefendi
  • Yenidoğan
  • Yeşiltepe

History

In the map, "Seytin Burun" is a little cape which originates from settlements in old Zeytinburnu; Balıklı and Yedikule Bay

Zeytinburnu was a fortress and settlement known as Kyklobion (Greek: Κυκλόβιον) or Strongylon (Στρογγυλόν) during the Byzantine period, its name referring to the circular shape of the fortress.[7]

The fortress was built in Late Antiquity as part of a series of strongholds that guarded the coastal road leading to Constantinople. It is first attested during the reign of Justinian I (527–565). Kyklobion was used as the landing-site of the Arab armies on both of their assaults on Constantinople, in 674 and in 717.[7] In the early 8th century, the iconodule Saint Hilarion was kept prisoner in the local monastery on the orders of Emperor Leo V the Armenian (r. 813–820).[7] The site is again, and for the last time in Byzantine times, mentioned in a property deed of 1388.[7]

After the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, the name Kyklobion was transferred to the Yedikule Fortress by the local Greeks, and the original site was abandoned. Ruins of the original circular fortress survived until the 19th century, where the Austrian traveller Hammer-Purgstall saw them. Its name at the time was called in Greek Elaion Akra, "Cape of the Olive Trees"; the modern Turkish name has the same meaning.[7]

From the early 19th century onwards Zeytinburnu was an industrial village, centred on the leather industry of the area called Kazlıçeşme, which being on the coast with a good water supply was well suited to leather production. (the area was named for a fountain with a goose carved into the stonework, the fountain is still in existence). Up until the mid-20th century the residents were an urban mix of Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, Jews and Turks and still today the Yedikule Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital is active in Kazlıçeşme, and has a museum in the grounds.[8]

The character of Zeytinburnu changed when a large wave of immigrants from Anatolia came and settled there from 1950 on. Zeytinburnu is an important lesson for city planning in Turkey, because it was one of the first Gecekondu districts. In other words, most of the buildings were built illegally, without infrastructure, and without any aesthetical concern. In the 1960s legislation was passed to prevent this type of building but by then this type of development had become unstoppable. At first these were little brick-built single storey cottages. From the 1970s onwards the little houses were replaced by multi-storey concrete apartment blocks built in rows with no space in between. In most cases the ground floor was used as a small textile workshop, and thus Zeytinburnu became a bustling industrial area with a large residential population living above the workshops. All this was still illegal, unplanned and lacked the infrastructure and the aesthetic appeal. After a heavy rain the streets would run with dirty water for days.

Mosaic floor tiles were discovered during the restoration of the Zeytinburnu Kazlıçeşme Cultural Center. The mosaics date to the Late Roman and early Byzantine period.[9]

Historical places

[10]

Zeytinburnu today

Tram station (Zeytinburnu), note this is actually a light rail stock

The leather industry has largely moved out to Tuzla now but the rows of six-storey blocks of housing and textiles remain. Although some improvements have been made to the streets and drainage, the area still has a stereotypical reputation for being the home of tough men and uncontrollable youths who drive around in cars blasting out pop music at high-volume. This is possibly exaggerated nowadays, and steps are being taken to smarten up the area. Most residents are working class, recent migrants from Anatolia, typically lacking in education. However, the younger generations are more educated thus changing the demographic shape of Zeytinburnu.

To integrate the district with the rest of Istanbul, the municipality has improved the transportation by extending the modern tram line to Zeytinburnu, and the main tram station is now at the intersection of the metro line leading to Atatürk International Airport and Aksaray and fast tram lines leading to Istanbul's inter-city coach station and the old city in Eminönü. Moreover, Zeytinburnu has a station on the suburban railway line Sirkeci-Halkalı. Other important projects have improved the transportation, life quality and the economy of the district. Olivium Outlet Center was opened in 2000,[11] a modern shopping mall with cinemas, with many shops specializing in factory surpluses, bringing new shopping opportunities for the people of Zeytinburnu and surrounding districts. The mall attracts many visitors on weekends.

There is an Alevi community served by the Erikli Baba Cemevi.[12] There are large minority groups of Kazakhs and Turkmens,[13] who generally work in the textile industry, contributing to the Turkish economy. The Zeytinburnu-based NASCO NASREDDIN HOLDING A.S. was categorized as an Al-Qaeda ally by the United Nations.[14][15][16][17][18] It was involved in terrorist financing. The Romanian government legislated this status for Zeytinburnu Nasco Nasreddin Holding A. S., as well as the Slovakian government.[19][20][21]

On December 10, 2014, in Zeytinburnu, an assassin killed the anti-Uzbekistan government Islamist Uzbek Imam Shaykh Abdullah Bukhoroy (Abdullah Bukhari).[22][23][24][25][26][27] It took place outside of a Madrassa.[28] The Islamist organization Hizb ut-Tahrir released statements on Islamist websites which attacked the Uzbekistan government of Islam Karimov and blamed them for the assassination.[29][30] The East Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association (ETESA) and Uzbek Islamist exiles demonstrated against the assassination and denounced Vladimir Putin and the Uzbek government under Karimov in the Fatih district of Istanbul.[31]

Turkish connections were used by Uyghur fighters to go into Syria (Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria) and the East Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association (ETESA) which is an Islamist organization located in Turkey sent Uyghurs into Syria, endorsed the killing of the pro-China Imam Juma Tayir, applauded attacks in China, and posted on its website content from the Turkistan Islamic Party.[32] Turkish passports were used by Uyghurs who were seeking to contact East Indonesia Mujahideen, a terrorist organization in Sulawesi, Indonesia.[33] The Turkish-run English language BGNNews news agency reported that the Turkish Meydan newspaper discovered that Uyghur fighters joining the Islamist terrorist organization ISIL were being helped by businessman Nurali T., who led a network based in Zeytinburnu, which produced counterfeit Turkish passports numbering up to 100,000 distributed to Uyghurs from China to help them go to Turkey form where they would enter Iraq and Syria to join ISIL. Uyghurs from China would travel to Malaysia via Cambodia and Thailand and then to Turkey, since a visa is not needed for travel between Turkey and Malaysia, then stay at locations in Istanbul, and then go to Iraq and Syria by traveling to southeastern Turkey. The information was revealed by AG who participates in the network, who noted that even though Turkish authorities are able to detect the fake passports they do not deport the Uyghurs and allow them into Turkey. AG said that: “Turkey has secret deals with the Uighurs. The authorities first confiscate the passports but then release the individuals.”[34] Uyghurs were routed into Syria by way of Zeytinburnu. The Uyghur diaspora in the Küçükçekmece, Sefaköy, and Zeytinburnu districts of Istanbul are the source of the Turkistan Islamic Party Jihadists in Syria.[35][36] The Turkey-based Uyghur website "Doğu Türkistan Bülteni", which supports the Turkistan Islamic Party, reported that the Uyghur diaspora in Küçükçekmece and Zeytinburnu were in fear after the assassination of Uzbek Imam Abdullah Bukhari and that the Uyghurs were panicking over reports of Chinese loyalist Uyghur agents sent to Istanbul to hunt down separatist Uyghurs as Russia, Iran, and Assad were fighting against the Turkmens and Turkestan Islamic Party fighters.[37][38] The funeral of the Turkish MHP member İbrahim Küçük took place in Zeytinburnu after he died due to Russian bombing in the Jabal al Turkman area of Syria.[39][40][41][42]

Seven Uyghur restaurant workers, who provided money to the perpetrator of the 2017 Istanbul nightclub attack for his taxi fare, were arrested in Zeytinburnu. The restaurant was owned by Şemseddin Dursun.[43] The Seferoğlu Sokak-based Uyghurs in Zeytinburnu[44] aided the attacker when he fled the nightclub.[45][46] As a result, Zeytinburnu became the site of over 50 police sweeps against "East Turkistanis" (Uyghurs), Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Uzbeks. Zeytinburnu is infamous for being used by Syria-destined jihadists as a transit point.[47] An Uzbek national committed the nightclub attack according to the Turkish police.[48] Turkish media said he was from the "East Turkestan" wing of ISIS.[49][50] Erdoğan's government has deliberately facilitated the travel of Jihadist Uyghurs through Zeytinburnu, with Turkish intelligence involved and the nightclub massacre at Reina is a result of this.[51] Uzbek, Uyghur, and Afghan refugees reside in Zeytinburu's Yenidoğan area where the attacker fled to,[52] in addition to Syrians.[53] The attacker's wife was interrogated.[54] He went to Konya with his children and wife from Kyrgyzstan via Istanbul.[55] In Başakşehir and Zeytinburnu he contacted ISIL.[56] Turkey nabbed Abuliezi Abuduhamiti and Omar Asim, both Uyghurs.[57] There are more than 100,000 unregistered people of Xinjiang and Central Asian origin in Zeytinburnu.[58]

Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı, which supports the Turkistan Islamic Party, complained about the Reina massacre suspect being named as a Uyghur by Veysi Kaynak, the Deputy Prime Minister, blaming Fethullah Gülen and “FETÖ” for the attack.[59] DTBHA, speaking on behalf of the TIP, pledged its animosity against Russia and the PKK, saying it fought them alongside Turkmens in Syria for 6 years, denying involvement in the Reina nightclub massacre, blaming China for it. They stated that Uyghurs in Küçükçekmece and Zeytinburnu were being unfairly targeted.[60] Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı and Zeytinburnu Uyghurs blamed FETO and Fetullah Gulen for the Reina nightclub massacre.[61] Zeytinburnu, among other districts such as Küçükçekmece, Başakşehir, Bağcılar, Gaziosmanpaşa, Esenler, Bayrampaşa, and Fatih, is home to many refugees of Syrian origin.[62]

Climate

Zeytinburnu has a Mediterranean climate (Csa/Cs) according to both Köppen and Trewartha climate classifications, with cool winters and warm to hot summers. It has the second lowest annual precipitation in Istanbul (after Kadıköy). Its position in the south of Istanbul gives it a relatively warmer and drier climate, classified in USDA hardiness zone 9a, and AHS heat zone 4.[63]

Climate data for Zeytinburnu
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.8
(47.8)		 8.7
(47.7)		 10.6
(51.1)		 15.7
(60.3)		 20.7
(69.3)		 25.5
(77.9)		 27.9
(82.2)		 27.6
(81.7)		 24.2
(75.6)		 19.5
(67.1)		 15.0
(59.0)		 11.2
(52.2)		 18.0
(64.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.1
(43.0)		 5.8
(42.4)		 7.2
(45.0)		 11.6
(52.9)		 16.3
(61.3)		 20.8
(69.4)		 23.3
(73.9)		 23.3
(73.9)		 19.9
(67.8)		 15.9
(60.6)		 11.7
(53.1)		 8.4
(47.1)		 14.2
(57.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.3
(37.9)		 2.9
(37.2)		 3.8
(38.8)		 7.4
(45.3)		 11.8
(53.2)		 16.0
(60.8)		 18.7
(65.7)		 18.9
(66.0)		 15.6
(60.1)		 12.2
(54.0)		 8.4
(47.1)		 5.6
(42.1)		 10.4
(50.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 94
(3.7)		 66
(2.6)		 68
(2.7)		 51
(2.0)		 31
(1.2)		 31
(1.2)		 22
(0.9)		 29
(1.1)		 45
(1.8)		 66
(2.6)		 86
(3.4)		 117
(4.6)		 706
(27.8)
Source: [64]

Environment

Zeytinburnu is a very crowded county of İstanbul, so it undergoes a dense housing. Around coastal areas of Zeytinburnu the government ignored the court decisions and committed gentrification and ecocide. While public lands next to the coast were transformed to residences, between Zeytinburnu and its coast a concrete wall was constructed.[65]

Problematic residences on the coast of Zeytinburnu

Sports

Teams

Zeytinburnuspor facility; in the foreground a Corinthian column
Football

Zeytinburnuspor, a top-flight football team in the early 1990s, is now languishing in the minor leagues. Arif Erdem and Emre Belözoğlu started their careers here. Matjaž Cvikl (1967–1999) from the Slovenia national football team also played there.

The women's football team played once in the Turkish Women's First Football League.

Ice hockey

The 2010-established men's ice hockey team of Zeytinburnu Belediyespor finished the 2013–14 Turkish Ice Hockey Super League (TBHSL) season as the runner-up. They became the champion in the following 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons.[66][67]

Venues

Zeytinburnu Stadium with a total capacity of 16,000 people, is home to the football teams of Zeytinburnu.[68]

The Zeytinburnu Ice Rink, opened in 2016, is a mobile ice rink, which hosted the home 2015–16 season matches of the Zeytinburnu Belediyespor ice hockey team.[69]

Town twinning

Zeytinburnu is twinned with:

Mayor Government of Zeytinburnu

References

  1. 1 2 "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  2. ↑ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  3. ↑ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  4. ↑ Sönmez, Mehmet Emin. "Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) Tabanlı Deprem Hasar Riski Analizi: Zeytinburnu (İstanbul) Örneği". www.dergipark.org. Türk Coğrafya Dergisi.
  5. ↑ Deprem ve Zemin İnceleme Müdürlüğü, Deprem ve Zemin İnceleme Müdürlüğü. "İSTANBUL İLİ BAHÇELİEVLER-BAKIRKÖY GÜNGÖREN-ZEYTİNBURNU İLÇELERİ HEYELAN FARKINDALIK KİTAPÇIĞI" (PDF). www.ibb.istanbul/. İBB.
  6. ↑ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Külzer, Andreas (2008). Tabula Imperii Byzantini: Band 12, Ostthrakien (Eurōpē) (in German). Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 484–485. ISBN 978-3-7001-3945-4.
  8. ↑ "Official homepage" (in Turkish). Surp Pırgiç Ermeni Hastanesi. 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  9. ↑ "Roman and Byzantine era mosaics in Kazlıçeşme". Hürriyet Daily News.
  10. ↑ "Official homepage". Zeytinburnu District Portal. 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
  11. ↑ "Official homepage". Olivium Outlet Center. 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
  12. ↑ "Official homepage" (in Turkish). Erikli Baba Cemevi. 2010.
  13. ↑ "Official homepage" (in Turkish). Easternturkistan Migration Association, Zeytinburnu. 2010.
  14. ↑ "Redirecting". Archived from the original on November 15, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Security Council Committee Adds Twenty-Five Individuals and Entities to ITS List". Archived from the original on 2012-08-25. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
  16. ↑ "SECURITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE REMOVES ONE INDIVIDUAL, 12 ENTITIES FROM CONSOLIDATED LIST | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases".
  17. ↑ "SECURITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE ADDS TWENTY-FIVE INDIVIDUALS AND ENTITIES TO ITS LIST | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases".
  18. ↑ "United Nations Information Service Vienna".
  19. ↑ Romania (May 2004). Monitorul oficial al României: Legi, decrete, hotărîri și alte acte. Parlamentul României, Adunarea Deputaților. p. 26.
  20. ↑ Slovakia (2003). Zbierka zákonov Slovenskej republiky. Ministerstvo spravodlivosti Slovenskej republiky. p. 1436.
  21. ↑ Slovakia (2003). Zbierka zákonov Slovenskej republiky. Ministerstvo spravodlivosti Slovenskej republiky. p. 1052.
  22. ↑ "Radical Uzbek Imam Shot Dead In Istanbul". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  23. ↑ "Turkey: Russian citizen detained in connection with Uzbek imam assassination in Istanbul – Ferghana Information agency, Moscow". Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  24. ↑ "Turkey: "Uzbek imam" murder video emerges – Ferghana Information agency, Moscow". Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  25. ↑ "Alleged organizers, killers of Uzbek imam in Turkey arrested, named – Ferghana Information agency, Moscow". Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  26. ↑ "Four more dissident Uzbeks are on assasination [sic] list -report – Asia-Pacific – Worldbulletin News". World Bulletin. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  27. ↑ "Uzbekistan: Swedish Trial Features Testimony About Alleged International Assassin Network". EurasiaNet.org. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  28. ↑ "Have Russian hitmen been killing with impunity in Turkey?". BBC News Magazine. 13 December 2016.
  29. ↑ "Imam Abdullah Bukhari – May Allah have Mercy on Him – Assassinated in Istanbul!". 22 December 2014.
  30. ↑ "VIDEO: Sheikh Abdullah Bukhari shot dead in Istandbul". 5Pillars. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  31. ↑ "Истанбулда Туркистонлик муҳожирларга қилинаётган қотилликларга қарши норозилик намойиши бўлди (Kирил ва Лотинда)". January 11, 2015.
  32. ↑ Zenn, Jacob (10 October 2014). "An Overview of Chinese Fighters and Anti-Chinese Militant Groups in Syria and Iraq". China Brief. The Jamestown Foundation. 14 (19). Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  33. ↑ Zenn, Jacob (10 October 2014). "An Overview of Chinese Fighters and Anti-Chinese Militant Groups in Syria and Iraq". China Brief. The Jamestown Foundation. 14 (19). Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  34. ↑ "ISIL recruits Chinese with fake Turkish passports from Istanbul". Istanbul. BGNNews. April 9, 2015. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  35. ↑ "Uygur Ajan Rabia Kadir, Doğu Türkistanlı Mücahidleri İhbar Etti". Archived from the original on 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  36. ↑ "Rabia Kadir Gammazcı Çıktı!". Archived from the original on 2016-02-01. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  37. ↑ "China entered into Istanbul, Turkey with her 150 Spies |". Archived from the original on 2016-01-19. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
  38. ↑ "Çin İstihbaratı, 150 Ajan İle İstanbul'a Giriş Yaptı | Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı". Archived from the original on 2015-11-28. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
  39. ↑ "Killed in Syria, MHP deputy district head's funeral brought to İstanbul - Cihan World News". Archived from the original on January 28, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.
  40. ↑ "Killed in Syria, MHP Deputy District Head's Funeral Brought to İstanbul". 27 January 2016.
  41. ↑ "- YouTube". www.youtube.com.
  42. ↑ "- YouTube". www.youtube.com.
  43. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah [@abdbozkurt] (January 5, 2017). "Şemseddin Dursun, the owner of Uyghur restaurant where the night-club attacker allegedly picked up a cab fare, denies all accusations" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  44. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah [@abdbozkurt] (January 4, 2017). "Then, he got into the second cab, driven to an alley 'Şuayip Seferoğlu Sokak' where a Uyghur Restaurant located in Zeytinburnu district" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  45. ↑ Stojanovic, Dusan (January 4, 2017). "Turkey identifies gunman in Istanbul nightclub shooting". Associated Press. ISTANBUL.
  46. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah [@abdbozkurt] (January 4, 2017). "He paid off the driver with the money he borrowed from the Uyghur employees of this restaurant. Police detained seven restaurant workers" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  47. ↑ ULUDAĞ, NİHAT (4 January 2017). "Reina'ya saldıran teröristin katliam sonrası rotası..." HABER İÇİN HABERTÜRK (in Turkish).
  48. ↑ "Turkish media releases video of suspected nightclub gunman, claims he is Chinese Uygur Muslim". South China Morning Post. 3 January 2017.
  49. ↑ Robson, Steve; Rkaina, Sam; Bishop, Rachel; Milanian, Keyan (2 Jan 2017). "Istanbul nightclub ISIS attack: Recap as ISIS claims responsibility for gun attack that left 39 dead". The Mirror.
  50. ↑ Wellman, Alex; Robson, Steve; Bishop, Rachel (1 Jan 2017). "First picture of Istanbul terror suspect after gunman 'screamed Allahu Akbar' as he slaughtered 39 in Turkish nightclub". The Mirror.
  51. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah (January 3, 2017). "[OPINION] How Erdoğan empowered jihadists from China". Turkish Minute.
  52. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah [@abdbozkurt] (January 4, 2017). "The killer stayed shortly in 'Yenidoğan' neighborhood in Zeytinburnu district of Istanbul where Uyghur, Uzbek & Afghans refugees live" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  53. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah [@abdbozkurt] (January 4, 2017). "The neighborhood the killer had stayed before the carnage at night-club has not only refugees from Central Asia but also from Syria" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  54. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah [@abdbozkurt] (January 3, 2017). "The testimony of the wife of the #ISIL killer who murdered 39 people in night club in Istanbul provides further details on the background" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  55. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah [@abdbozkurt] (January 3, 2017). "The killer came to Istanbul from #Krygzstan on a flight on 20 Nov with his wife and two kids, moved to conservative province Konya on 22nd" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  56. ↑ Bozkurt, Abdullah [@abdbozkurt] (January 3, 2017). "The killer traveled to Istanbul on 29th, believed to have interacted with ISIL cells in Istanbul's Zeytinburnu and Başakşehir districts" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  57. ↑ "Turkey arrests two Chinese Uighurs over Istanbul nightclub attack". REUTERS. 2017-01-14.
  58. ↑ Gurcan, Metin (January 13, 2017). "'Devotees of Death' headed for Turkey". Al-Monitor.
  59. ↑ "Başbakan Yardımcısı Veysi Kaynak'a Cevap Uygurlardan Geldi; Kardeşimiz Dediğiniz DUK Fetö'cü, Bunu Biliyormusunuz". Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı.
  60. ↑ "Komünist Çin, Türkiye'de Sansasyonel Eylem Yapmayı Planlıyor". Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı.
  61. ↑ "ORTAKÖY KATLİAMINI FETÖ'CÜLER Mİ AYDINLATACAK ?". Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı.
  62. ↑ HAYATA DESTEK (31 August 2013). Syrian Refugees in Turkey (PDF) (Report). SUPPORT TO LIFE. pp. 4–5.
  63. ↑ "Bitki Soğuğa ve Sıcağa Dayanıklılık". www.mgm.gov.tr. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  64. ↑ "Zeytinburnu - Weather History & Climate Data - Meteostat". meteostat.net. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  65. ↑ GÜVEMLİ, ÖZLEM. "Kazlıçeşme sahiline beton duvar!". www.sozcu.com.tr/. Sözcü. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  66. ↑ "Zeytinburnu Belediyesi Buz Hokeyi Takımı Şampiyon Oldu". Milliyet (in Turkish). 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  67. ↑ "Buz Hokeyinde Şampiyon ZEwytinburnu Belediye". Milliyet (in Turkish). 2016-05-01. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  68. ↑ "Zeytinburnu Stadi". worldstadiums.com. Retrieved 2016-05-04.
  69. ↑ "Türk Buz Hokeyi'nde Bir İlk". Son Dakika (in Turkish). 2016-02-06. Retrieved 2016-05-04.
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