"Secret"
Madonna in a white dress sitting on a sofa and smiling
Single by Madonna
from the album Bedtime Stories
B-side"Let Down Your Guard"
ReleasedSeptember 26, 1994 (1994-09-26)
RecordedApril–June 1994 (New York City and Atlanta, Georgia)
Genre
Length5:04
Label
Songwriter(s) Shep Pettibone
Producer(s)
  • Madonna
  • Dallas Austin
Madonna singles chronology
"I'll Remember"
(1994)
"Secret"
(1994)
"Take a Bow"
(1994)
Music video
"Secret" on YouTube

"Secret" is a song by American singer Madonna from her sixth studio album, Bedtime Stories (1994). It was released by Maverick Records on September 26, 1994, as the lead single from the album. The singer originally recorded the song as a demo with producer Shep Pettibone. However, Dallas Austin replaced Pettibone's role as the producer and reworked its composition, earning him a writing credit alongside Madonna. It was a departure from Madonna's previous musical style, since up to that point in her career, her music had mostly consisted of big-sounding dance tracks and melodic ballads. "Secret" combined the pop and R&B genres with instrumentation from an acoustic guitar, drums and strings, while lyrically talking about a lover having a secret.

The song was released accompanied by eight different remixes by DJ Junior Vasquez, who re-used Madonna's vocals, but changed the composition of the track completely. Unusual for a singer in the mid-1990s, Madonna talked about the new single on the Internet, leaving an audio message for her fans as well as a snippet of the song. "Secret" received favorable reviews from music critics, who praised Madonna's vocal delivery and its mid-tempo R&B groove, deeming it seductive and soulful. The song was also a commercial success. In the United States, it peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In the United Kingdom, it reached a peak of number five, becoming her record-breaking 35th consecutive top-ten single on the UK Singles Chart. Elsewhere, it reached number one in Canada, Finland, and Switzerland, and the top five in Australia, Denmark, France, New Zealand and Spain.

With the single's cover art and its accompanying music video, Madonna ushered in another image change, inspired by the look of Hollywood actress Jean Harlow. The black and white video was directed by photographer Melodie McDaniel, who was chosen by the singer due to McDaniel's previous short films. It features Madonna as a singer in a nightclub in Harlem, New York City. Interspersed with scenes of daily life in the neighborhood, the video ends with Madonna uniting with her lover and their supposed child. The video sparked academic discussions about what might constitute the lyrical secret of the song.

Madonna performed "Secret" on tour for the first time during her 2001 Drowned World Tour. It was later performed at the Houston stop of her Sticky and Sweet Tour in November 2008 as a fan request, and seven years later on some shows of the Rebel Heart Tour.

Background and release

Madonna's appearance on the cover art of the single was compared to that of Jean Harlow.

Following the release Madonna's first book publication, Sex, the erotic thriller, Body of Evidence, her fifth studio album, Erotica, as well as a disastrous interview on David Letterman's show in the early 1990s, the media and public's backlash against Madonna's overtly sexual image was at a peak.[1][2] Madonna wanted to tone down her explicit image. Her first attempt was to release the tender ballad "I'll Remember" from the soundtrack of the film With Honors.[1] Musically she wanted to move in a new musical direction and started exploring new-jack R&B styles with a generally mainstream, radio-friendly sound. She incorporated it in her sixth studio album, Bedtime Stories, released in October 1994.[3] At first, it started as a collaboration with Shep Pettibone and was to be stylistically similar to Erotica, but due to Madonna's wish to soften her public image at the time, she decided to move towards an R&B sound collaborating with well-known R&B producers and took a more appropriate image for the general public.[4][5]

After searching, Madonna chose to work with Babyface, whose previous collaborations with artists like Whitney Houston, Boyz II Men, and Toni Braxton had resulted in successful smooth R&B songs.[6] Through him, she met with then upcoming young producer from Atlanta named Dallas Austin, who had become famous for his work on girl group TLC's debut album, Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip (1992). Together they composed two songs for the album, "Secret" and "Sanctuary". The former was originally produced in its demo form by Pettibone, under the name "Something's Coming Over Me", however Austin reworked the demo and made it a different song musically.[7] On September 26, 1994, the song was released as the lead single from Bedtime Stories.[8][9] The cover art of the single showed a new look for Madonna, with blonde hair and style compared to the look of 1930s American actress, Jean Harlow.[10] Shot by photographer Patrick Demarchelier in black-and-white, the image showed the singer slouched on a sofa with her dress down and revealing her translucent brassiere.[11] Unusual for the mid-1990s, Madonna talked about the new single on the internet leaving an audio message for her fans, as well as a snippet of the song.[12]

Hello, all you Cyberheads! Welcome to the 90's version of intimacy. You can hear me... You can even see me... But you can't touch me... do you recognize my voice?... It's Madonna. Often imitated, but never duplicated. Or, should I say, often irritated? If you feel like it, you can download the sound file of my new single "Secret", from my new album, Bedtime Stories, which comes out next month. I just shot the video in New York, and will be premiering an exclusive sample of it online. So check back soon. In the meantime, why don't you post me a message and let me know what you think of my new song. And by the way, don't believe any of those online imposters pretending to be me... ain't nothing like the real thing. Peace out.[13]

Recording and composition

"Secret" was written and produced by Madonna and Austin. It was recorded from April to June 1994 at Axis Studios in New York and DARP Studios in Atlanta, GA.[14][15] Alongside the production work, Austin also played the drums and the keyboards, while Tommy Martin played the acoustic guitars. Fred Jorio and Mark "Spike" Stent worked on the programming and engineering of the track while Tony Shimkin was the editor. Jon Gass and Alvin Speights mixed the song and finally Jessie Leavey, Craig Armstrong and Suzie Katayama did the strings and conducting sessions.[15]

"Secret" was a departure from the style of music that Madonna had previously released; up to that point in her career her music had mostly consisted of big-sounding dance tracks and melodic ballads.[16] In the track, she mixed pop and R&B together, while also incorporating elements of hip hop and funk.[17][18] It begins with the sound of an acoustic guitar and wah-wah and just the sound of Madonna's voice singing over it, before opening up to a sparse, retro rhythm section.[16][19] A descending chord sequence follows and around the one minute mark, the drums start with Madonna singing the chorus "Something's coming over, mmmmmmmm". It is entirely supported by the strings. According to Rikky Rooksby, author of The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, the descending chords are supported by the ascending strings—an example of contrary motion used in music. During the middle section, another wah-wah guitar solo is added alongside the strings. Near the end, the melodies add an upper harmony for differentiation with the verses.[16]

According to Musicnotes.com, the song is set in the time signature of common time and progresses in 96 beats per minute. The composition is set in the key of E minor with Madonna's vocal ranging from G3 to G4. "Secret" contains a basic sequence of B7–Em7–D–Cm7–C during the opening verses, and B7–Em–D–C during the chorus its chord progression.[20] Madonna's voice remains at the center of the song's production, as she sings lyrics such as "happiness lies in your own hand". Lyrically it talks about a lover having a secret as well as how Madonna realized that one's happiness is under one's control.[16] In Madonna the Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, authors Allen Metz and Carol Benson write that the tone that Madonna uses when singing these lyrics suggests that she is discussing "self-determinism, not auto-eroticism". Throughout the song Madonna also sings the lyrics "My baby's got a secret," however, she never discloses what the secret may be.[21]

Remixes

Madonna released more than eight remixes of the song in different formats.[16] At the time, "Secret" was experiencing success on the US record charts, to keep the song current in dance clubs, Madonna requested remixes of the song from Junior Vasquez, who was a DJ at the Sound Factory nightclub in New York. According to him Madonna's representatives "sent me a cassette of the song, just to get an idea what the song was... [A]nd when it was 100 beats per minute I said, 'Oh god, what am I gonna do with this?'"[22] Vasquez and his team of engineers first experimented with the track by making remixes closer to the original version. Then he used only Madonna's vocals for the mixed versions, and re-wrote and composed the music as brand new.[22] He was sure of doing house mixes of the track but had to "speed-up" Madonna's vocals. Recording engineer Dennis Mitchell explained, "To do that we have to digitally manipulate her vocals, which is time compression... It just digitally goes in and snipes out tiny little digital slices of the actual sound and squeezes it together so that her tempo is a new tempo but her pitch stays the same." According to Vasquez, Madonna was "on top of everything" including the house mixes as well as the other mixes created.[22]

The song also had dance mixes created by Vasquez. There are two versions of "Junior's Luscious Mix", those being a single edit and a longer version, which has a piano introduction and turns "Secret" into a dancefloor track.[10] According to Billboard these versions have "vibrant keyboards and an elastic bassline".[23] Like the house mixes, here also Madonna's vocals were re-edited to fit in with the faster beats. According to Jose F. Promis of AllMusic, the sped-up vocals made Madonna's voice have a "robotic, detached feel that the original doesn't have."[10] Promis also noted that Vasquez's "Sound Factory Mix" had "swirling instrumentals recalling flashing lights in a nightclub".[10] This remix also incorporated tribal percussion sounds and synth looping.[23] Similarly he noted that the "Some Bizarre Mix" gave the song a "groovier, funkier spin", while the "Allstar Mix", gave it "a cold, hip-hop feel".[10] Billboard was positive towards all the remixes, noting that "this single is a promising preamble to what will likely be a cool, new chapter in the career of dance music's most successful graduate."[23]

Critical reception

"The lushly layered album mix simmers with a strumming acoustic intro that breaks into a languid funk/R&B beat. As Madonna delivers a solid performance that emphasizes her increasingly strong lower vocal range, a meticulously woven arrangement of quasi-psychedelic colors and raw hip-hop elements percolates. Naturally, the hook is pure pop candy, sticking to the brain after one spin."

Billboard's review of "Secret"[23]

"Secret" received generally positive reviews from music critics. In his book Madonna: An Intimate Biography, author J. Randy Taraborrelli described the song as "clever", adding that no matter how many time one listens to it, "it never ceases to intrigue".[19] Chris Wade, author of The Music of Madonna recalled that "Secret" had been his favorite song, and commended the track's production, Madonna's vocals and mixing. He declared it as "one of Madonna's finest cuts from the whole of her 90s output." Wade described the chorus as "sinister and catchy; a strange eeriness about it that only the mystery of the forbidden can conjure."[24] Matthew Rettenmund wrote in his Encyclopedia Madonnica that "Secret" paved way a new direction musically for Madonna; he believed that the track was more haunting musically than Madonna's previous single "Who's That Girl" (1987) and comparable to "Justify My Love" (1990). Rettenmund complimented the cover artwork, saying that "a dozen years into her career, it was one of her most arresting poses shot by Demarchelier, a testament to the durability of her star appeal".[11] Author Lucy O'Brien described the song in her book, Madonna: Like an Icon:

With its chunky backbeat, gentle strings and funky guitar motif, 'Secret' is both languid and tense at the same time. The song has the air of quiet revelation and a relaxation of spirit. Madonna insisted later that the song wasn't just about love but also about spiritual self-empowerment. [Austin's reworked demo] brought out a new warm, soulful tone in her voice, and making her swoony humming sound a central feature of the track.[7]

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic listed it as one of the best songs from Bedtime Stories, stating that along with other album tracks—"Take a Bow", "Inside of Me", "Sanctuary" and "Bedtime Story"—it slowly "works its melody into the subconscious as the bass pulses".[25] Billboard also said it is an "instantly memorable and creatively satisfying pop/hip-hop excursion," also adding that the "tune opens with a simple acoustic line, breaking into an easypaced funk beat that snugly fits into current top 40 trends. Madonna's voice continues to grow, and it is put to excellent use over a haunting melody that is fleshed out with subtle, quasi-psychedelic guitar work."[18] Editor Paul Verna described the song as a "pop smash" that is one of the most "seductive" songs from Bedtime Stories.[26] Steve Baltin from Cash Box said, "Featuring her trademark dance backbeat, the song is quieter than usual, creating a serene melody that makes for very easy listening."[27] In his 2011 review of Bedtime Stories, Brett Callwood of the Detroit Metro Times called the song "spectacular".[28] Cathi Unsworth from Melody Maker wrote, "The sheerest of silk stockings, slinky soul for the wee small hours and glasses of red wine."[29] Alan Jones from Music Week gave it four out of five, adding that it "features excellent use of strings and a controlled vocal. Not particularly immediate, but a grower."[30]

Alex Needham of NME called it an "underrated gem", adding that the track has a "brilliant bluesy strut".[31] Charlotte Robinson, writer from PopMatters, wrote that the gentle grooves of "Secret", accompanied by acoustic guitar and delicate strings, make the song "seductive".[32] Barbara O'Dair from Rolling Stone called the song "infectiously funky", adding that her delivery of the lyrics "Happiness lies in your own hand/It took me much too long to understand" shows a downbeat restraint in her vocals that proves the singer is "drawn to sadness".[33] Rooksby concurred that "its a good track" but felt that the time could have been reduced from five minutes, which made it a little long. He also felt that the drums looping around the track made it a "bit monotonous".[16] Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine gave the song a rating of A, and noted that "Secret" was probably the most naked performance of Madonna's career, with "acoustic guitars, expertly sweetened vocals and producer Dallas Austin's signature R&B beats [which] soulfully transport the listener into Madonna's troubled yet soothing world."[34]

Accolades

NME magazine ranked "Secret" at number 30 in their list of the best songs of 1994.[35] Similarly, Slant Magazine listed it as the 42nd best single of the 1990s, stating that its "one of the most organic-sounding singles of Madonna's career, taking its sweet time to get where it's going and not giving up too much along the way. The arrangement gets off on being withholding, and, at least for one glorious single, so does Madonna: When she sings, "You knew all along/What I never wanted to say," she sounds positively rapturous.[36] Scott Kearnan of The Boston Globe included the track at number 30 on his list of "Best Madonna Songs", stating "its slinky R&B groove made 'Secret' something special, even if it's not remembered for an accompanying scandal or bawdy 'moment'. We like to talk about her ability to produce controversy and headlines, but at the end of the day, here's what Madonna makes best: pop music".[37] Louis Virtel of The Backlot listed the song at number 14 on his list of "The 100 Greatest Madonna Songs", calling it "meditative, moving" and "sexy as hell".[38] Jude Rogers from The Guardian called it a "sultry, persuasive R&B number", highlighting Madonna's "deep" vocals. She placed it at number 33 on her ranking of Madonna's singles, in honor of her 60th birthday.[39] Entertainment Weekly's Chuck Arnold listed "Secret" as the singer's 27th best single, writing that "[producer Dallas] Austin brought the hip-hop swagger, but it was [Madonna] who revealed her soul".[40] In August 2018, Billboard picked it as the singer's 35th greatest single, calling it "accessible without giving the whole game away, building its chorus around haunting harmonies borrowed from Nirvana's "Something in the Way" [...] it showed that Madonna could rebound from the bad press of the Erotica era without reverting to playing it safe".[41]

Commercial performance

Madonna performing "Secret" during the Drowned World Tour (2001). It was the third highest debut on the Billboard Hot 100 of her career at that time.

In the United States it debuted at number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 issue dated October 8, 1994 and it sold 18,000 units in its first-week.[42][43] It was the third highest debut of Madonna's music career at that time, following "Erotica" at number 13 (1992) and "Rescue Me" at number 15 (1991).[44] According to journalist Liz Smith, "Secret" became the most requested song on US radios after it was sent for airplay, being spun on 152 radio stations and gaining around 1,900 spins.[45] Following the release of the commercial CD formats the next week, the song debuted on the Singles Sales chart at number 18 with 18,000 units sold.[46] Three weeks later it peaked on the chart at number three, staying for a total of 22 weeks; 11 of those were spent within the top ten.[47] It also peaked at number three on both the US Hot 100 Airplay and Mainstream Top 40 charts and at number two on the Adult Contemporary chart.[48][49] On the Hot Dance Club Songs chart it peaked at number one for two weeks, aided by the remixes from Vasquez.[50] At the Year-end Hot 100 ranking for 1994, "Secret" was placed at number 84 and for 1995, it was ranked at number 71.[51][52] "Secret" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on January 5, 1995, for shipment of 500,000 copies of the single.[53] In Canada the song debuted at number 91 on the RPM Singles Chart the week of October 3, 1994, eventually peaking at number one for three consecutive weeks starting from November 14, 1994.[54][55] On the RPM 1994 Year-End Chart, the song finished at number 23.[56]

In the United Kingdom "Secret" debuted and peaked at number five on the UK Singles Chart, staying on the chart for a total of ten weeks.[57] According to the Official Charts Company, the song has sold a total of 117,957 copies in that region as of 2008.[58] "Secret" became her 35th consecutive top-ten single since "Like a Virgin" (1984), which remains an unequaled record in British chart history.[59] On the French Singles Chart, "Secret" peaked at number two for two weeks, staying on the chart for a total of 30 weeks.[60] It placed at number 26 on the year-end chart and was eventually certified silver by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique (SNEP) for shipment of 125,000 copies; the song has sold a total of 255,000 copies in France.[61] "Secret" peaked at number one in Finland as well as Switzerland, charting on the Swiss Singles Chart for a total of 19 weeks.[62][63] The song also placed within the top 10 on the charts in Italy, Spain and Denmark, peaking at number three, number four and number six respectively.[64][65][66] In Europe, "Secret" debuted at number 14 on the European Hot 100 Singles[67] and reached a peak of number four in its ninth week on the chart.[68]

"Secret" entered the ARIA Singles Chart at its peak of number five the week of October 23, 1994, eventually charting for a total of fourteen weeks.[69] It later landed at number 46 position on the Australian singles year-end chart.[70] The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) certified it gold for shipment of 35,000 copies.[71] In New Zealand, the song entered the New Zealand Singles Chart at number 31 the week of November 6, 1994, eventually peaked at number five, remaining on the chart for a total of eight weeks.[72]

Music video

Conception and development

Lenox Avenue, Harlem, New York, location of the video shoot

According to O'Brien, the general critical consensus about Bedtime Stories was "Madonna in retreat. Still smarting from criticism over the Sex book, she [evolved] into a softer, more gentle image. Yet despite the pastel tones of her new look, there was also a sense of grit. She combined this to startling effect with the music video for 'Secret'." Madonna knew that a lot was riding on her first visual after the Erotica era, and wanted to create an effect with it.[73] The video was directed by Melodie McDaniel, who had previously gained acclaim as a photographer for album artwork and also as music video director for bands like The Cranberries and Porno for Pyros. However, Madonna was more interested in one of McDaniel's earlier short films, where she portrayed baptism combining with voodoo rituals. She enlisted McDaniel and explained that she was "drawn to the rawness of [McDaniel's] film". Madonna wanted to tone down her image and according to McDaniel:

She was ready to go there... Madonna had a blonde Jean Harlow look at the time. I wanted to combine that old classic Hollywood mix with the edginess of modern contemporary, but make it feel timeless. I was trying to think of something different, something real... It was awesome I got this break, but I was freaked out. I was jumping from young artists to working with an icon... I think she was drawn to the rawness of my work.[73]

Before meeting with Madonna, McDaniel first listened to the song and found it inspiring. When asked by the singer about her references for the video, McDaniel presented her with pictures from her favorite 1970s photographer, Bill Burke, who took pictures of people considered as freaks or inbred. Another reference was the photography book, East 100 Street by Bruce Davidson, which showed pictures of people in Spanish Harlem. Madonna let the director live in her New York apartment to continue research and asked her to go through her book collections, including those by Helmut Newton and Richard Avedon.[73] Madonna also started working with a stylist from McDaniel's team called Brigitte Echols, for the fashion and wardrobes in the video. Echols had gone to a low-rent mall called Crenshaw Swap Meet and bought a $180 gold necklace with the name "Madonna" in it, inside a jewelry box. Madonna liked it and together they decided on the wardrobe, including skirts and tops, vintage clothes from costume houses, Smylon Nylon La Perla bra, and two designs from Marc Jacobs. Echols described Madonna's approach to style as "collaborative".[73]

Filming and release

Madonna as the nightclub singer in the video, showing the edgy and glamorous look as envisioned by McDaniel

The video was filmed during September 9–11, 1994 at Casablanca and on location on 308 Lenox Avenue in Harlem. McDaniel and her team scouted out low-rent, speak-easy locations and they did street-casting, assembling off-beat characters, from transvestites to card tricksters and edgy Harlem teenagers. However, when it came to filming there was a problem—McDaniel's approach was to start the camera and let the cast improvise, but Madonna wanted direction. She would sit on the chair and when McDaniel said "Action", she would still sit there saying impatiently, "What am I doing? What am I doing? Hello?" The director was overawed by Madonna's big entourage and had held herself from speaking her mind about the singer's look. She later asked Madonna to appear edgy like Jennifer Jason Leigh's character in the 1990 drama film Last Exit to Brooklyn. Madonna had her hair and makeup re-done and it was the final look for the video.[73]

Echols recalled that the first scenes shot were those of Madonna walking down Lenox Avenue. While filming, the singer noticed a black leather coat with fur trim, worn by Fatima, the assistant director. Madonna asked for the coat from Fatima and ended up wearing it in the video. Echols also noted that Madonna had a close relationship with the cinematographer, and knew from which angle her shots would be the best and which lights to be used. After the misunderstandings regarding looks and the plot direction were cleared, the filming resumed and was finished within three days. The final scenes were with model Richard Elms in a Harlem house, with Madonna climbing steps and reaching him and their supposed child.[73][74]

The video premiered on October 4, 1994, on MTV.[11] It begins with showing the neighborhood of Harlem, with Madonna as a singer in a small jazz club. She simply sits in the club with her band and sings for her small, mostly black and Latino audience. Interspersed throughout the video are scenes of people living in Harlem, doing their daily chores, including a supporting cast of transvestite prostitutes, a pimp, and a black gang member who shows off the scars on his body. During the intermediate verses, Madonna is shown writhing in the lap of an older, maternal woman, who symbolically baptizes her by splashing water on her forehead. Near the video's end, Madonna walks through the neighborhood and climbs a set of stairs to have a reunion with her family, a young Latin man and their supposed son. The video ends with Madonna smiling towards the camera while sitting at the nightclub.

Reception and aftermath

The "Secret" music video was a hit on MTV, being played numerous times by the channel.[73] It also generated academic discussions regarding the supposed "secret" of the song. According to the book Madonna's Drowned Worlds, author Santiago Fouz-Hernández argues that the young son that is revealed at the end of the video is in actuality Madonna's lover's secret.[75] Throughout the video, scenes of Madonna are interspersed with scenes of drag queens primping, and religious iconography such as rebirth and damnation. In his book From Hegel to Madonna, author Robert Miklitsch states that the music video for "Secret" is a departure from the various themes—repression and loss, anger and aggression—explored so vividly on Bedtime Stories. Miklitsch goes on to say that, although the video depicts images of cleansing rebirth, the fact that Madonna announced that she was pregnant in 1996 shows that, in retrospect, "Secret" may have been less about cleansing rebirth, and instead more about maternity as birth.[76]

Rettenmund had a different interpretation of the video, calling it as a "subtly orchestrated story of the singer's addiction to—and almost spiritual deliverance from—heroin".[11] He found contrast in Madonna's white blonde character—with hyper-glamor, heavy mascara, pierced nose and navel, a clingy blouse and vintage high heels—to the neighborhood of Harlem, where Madonna is portrayed as a "Billie Holiday-esque singer in the jazz club". At the end of the video, Madonna climbs up the stairs to her lover's room, Rettenmund found references to the music videos for the singles "Like a Virgin" (1984) and "Papa Don't Preach" (1986), both of which had the singer climbing the stairs but never reaching the destination, unlike "Secret". Rettenmund also observed that "Secret" could serve as a follow-up to the music video for "Borderline" with the events happening ten years and Madonna all grownup. He concluded by saying that in lieu of the singer's 1994 interview with The Face magazine, where she expressed her desire to have a family, the video emphasized on Madonna's interest in a partner and a child.[11] It can be found on the Madonna compilations, The Video Collection 93:99 (1999) and Celebration: The Video Collection (2009).[77][78]

Live performances

On certain shows of her Rebel Heart Tour (2015−16), such as Las Vegas, Madonna performed an impromptu acoustic "Secret".

On February 18, 1995, Madonna arrived in Europe to promote Bedtime Stories; that same day, she appeared on German TV show Wetten, dass..?, where she was interviewed and performed "Secret" and "Take a Bow".[79] "Secret" was performed on Madonna's 2001 Drowned World Tour, during the cowgirl section of the show.[80] The performance was accompanied by a video montage of riverside baptism, whirling dervishes ceremonies and Buddhist prayers; the footage was taken from McDaniel's film which had inspired Madonna for the performance as well as enlisting her.[80][73][81] Alexis Petridis of The Guardian called the performance "a gorgeous acoustic reading."[82] Writing for The Victoria Advocate, Steve Dollar praised the performance, saying that the song "has grown in depth" over time.[83] During the New York City performance of "Secret", she dedicated the song to its inhabitants.[84] The performance of the song on August 26, 2001, at The Palace of Auburn Hills was recorded and released in the live video album, Drowned World Tour 2001.[85]

In November 2008, "Secret" was performed a cappella at the Houston stop of her Sticky & Sweet Tour as fan request. After the performance, Madonna said: "Alright Texas! That was really good. I'd forgotten that song".[86] Madonna then did an impromptu acoustic rendition of "Secret" on certain shows of her Rebel Heart Tour (2015−16), such as Vancouver, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Amsterdam and Atlanta.[87][88][89][90][91] On Vancouver, she dedicated the performance to a "special guest" in the audience, which was assumed by media to be her ex-husband Sean Penn. The singer admitted she had not practiced the performance which, according to Shawn Conner from the Vancouver Sun, "came across as charitably, unpracticed (if well-intentioned)".[87][92]

Track listings and versions

Credits and personnel

Credits and personnel are adapted from the Bedtime Stories album liner notes.[15]

  • Madonna – vocals, songwriter, producer
  • Dallas Austin – songwriter, producer, drums, keyboard
  • Fred Jorio – programming, engineer
  • Mark "Spike" Stent – engineer
  • Tony Shimkin editor
  • Jon Gass – mixing
  • Alvin Speights – mixing
  • Tommy Martin – acoustic guitar
  • Jessie Leavey – strings, conductor
  • Craig Armstrong – conductor
  • Suzie Katayama – conductor
  • Fabien Baron – art director
  • Patrick Demarchelier – cover art photographer

Charts

Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for "Secret"
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[71] Gold 35,000^
France (SNEP)[61] Silver 125,000*
United Kingdom 117,957[58]
United States (RIAA)[53] Gold 500,000^

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Feldman 2000, p. 255
  2. "Top 10 Disastrous Letterman Interviews: Don't F___ with Madonna". Time. February 12, 2009. Archived from the original on November 2, 2014. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  3. Farber, Jim (October 28, 1994). "Album Review: 'Bedtime Stories' (1994)". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 23, 2022. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  4. "ASCAP Play Back". Ascap Playback (periodical). American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers. 4 (9): 1. 1994–1998. ISSN 1080-1391. OCLC 30136890.
  5. Bronson 2003, p. 834
  6. Sullivan 2013, p. 648
  7. 1 2 O'Brien 2008, pp. 288–289
  8. "Single Releases". Music Week. September 24, 1994. p. 25.
  9. 1 2 "Secret" (US 2-Track single liner notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1994. ASIN B00000DEMO. 2-18035.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Promis, Jose F. "Madonna: Secret Review". AllMusic. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Rettenmund 2016, p. 234
  12. Lynch, Joe (October 6, 2014). "Madonna's 'Bedtime Stories' Turns 20: Babyface & Donna De Lory Look Back". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  13. Leiby, Richard (September 29, 1994). "World Wide Web Is Where It's @". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  14. Worrell, Kris; Shurling, Bo (April 12, 1994). "Peach Buzz: Talk of Our Town: Producer has project with Madonna". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. p. C/2. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  15. 1 2 3 Bedtime Stories (LP, Vinyl, CD). Madonna. Maverick Records. WEA Records Pvt. Ltd. 1994. 9362-45767-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rooksby 2004, p. 46
  17. Billboard Staff (August 16, 2023). "Madonna's 100 Greatest Songs (Critics' Picks)". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 23, 2023. Retrieved September 23, 2023. The lead single of Madonna's Bedtime Stories era saw her continuing to pivot away from the R-rated club excursions of Erotica into a more restrained R&B sound.
  18. 1 2 Flick, Larry (October 1, 1994). "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. p. 59. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
  19. 1 2 Taraborrelli 2008, p. 237
  20. Cicone, Madonna; Austin, Dallas. "Madonna 'Secret' Sheet Music". Musicnotes.com. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  21. Metz & Benson 1999, p. 23
  22. 1 2 3 "Snoop's 'Thriller,' Madonna's 'Secret,' Boyz II Men's Vanderpool Style". MTV News. October 11, 2002. Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Flick, Larry (October 1, 1994). "Dance Trax: Mo's Secret" (PDF). Billboard. p. 36. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
  24. Wade 2016, p. 77
  25. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Bedtime Stories > Overview". AllMusic. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
  26. Verna, Paul (October 29, 1994). "Madonna: Bedtime Stories Album Review". Billboard. Vol. 106, no. 44. p. 74. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  27. Baltin, Steve (October 15, 1994). "Pop Singles — Reviews" (PDF). Cash Box. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 6, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
  28. Callwood, Brett (August 17, 2011). "City Slang: 'Bedtime Stories' revisited". Detroit Metro Times. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  29. Unsworth, Cathi (October 1, 1994). "Singles". Melody Maker. p. 36. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  30. Jones, Alan (October 1, 1994). "Market Preview: Mainstream - Singles" (PDF). Music Week. p. 18. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  31. Needham, Alex (November 9, 2001). "Madonna : GHV2". NME. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  32. Robinson, Charlotte (November 12, 2001). "Madonna: Greatest Hits Volume 2". PopMatters. Archived from the original on December 23, 2013. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  33. O'Dair, Barbara (December 15, 1994). "Bedtime Stories by Madonna". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 29, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  34. Cinquemani, Sal (March 29, 2003). "Madonna: Bedtime Stories". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on February 29, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
  35. "Albums and Tracks of the Year". NME. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  36. "The 100 Best Singles of the 1990s". Slant Magazine. January 9, 2011. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
  37. Kearnan, Scott (September 9, 2013). "30 Ultimate Madonna Singles". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  38. "The 100 Greatest Madonna Songs". AfterEllen.com and TheBacklot.com. February 3, 2012. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
  39. Rogers, Jude (August 16, 2018). "Every one of Madonna's 78 singles – ranked!". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  40. Arnold, Chuck (August 15, 2018). "Madonna's 60 best singles, ranked". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2018.
  41. "The 100 Greatest Madonna Songs: Critics' Picks". Billboard. August 15, 2018. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
  42. "The Hot 100 – Week of October 8, 1994". Billboard. Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
  43. Sandiford-Waller, Theda (November 16, 1996). "HOT 100 Singles Spotlight". Billboard. Vol. 106, no. 46. p. 95. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  44. Bronson, Fred (October 8, 1994). "Madonna's Success Is No Secret" (PDF). Billboard. p. 119. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
  45. Smith, Liz (October 3, 1994). "Madonna's 'Secret' Debuts". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Archived from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
  46. Sandiford-Waller, Theda (November 16, 1996). "Hot 100 Singles Spotlight". Billboard. Vol. 108, no. 46. p. 95. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
  47. 1 2 "Madonna Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  48. 1 2 "Madonna Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  49. 1 2 "Madonna Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  50. 1 2 "Madonna Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  51. 1 2 "The Year in Music - Hot 100 Singles". Billboard. Vol. 106, no. 52. December 24, 1994. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
  52. 1 2 "Billboard Top 100 - 1995" (PDF). Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  53. 1 2 "American single certifications – Madonna – Secret". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  54. "RPM Top Singles: Issue 2613". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. October 3, 1994. Archived from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  55. 1 2 "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2662." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  56. 1 2 "Top 100 Hit Tracks of 1994". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. December 14, 1994. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  57. 1 2 "Madonna: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  58. 1 2 Jones, Alan (August 19, 2008). "The immaculate guide to 50 years of Madonna". Music Week. Archived from the original on September 11, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2014.
  59. Roberts 2004, p. 342
  60. 1 2 "Madonna – Secret" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  61. 1 2 "French single certifications – Madonna – Secret" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved April 25, 2016. Select MADONNA and click OK. 
  62. 1 2 Nyman 2005, p. 109
  63. 1 2 "Madonna – Secret". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  64. 1 2 "Top 10 Sales in Europe" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 11, no. 46. November 12, 1994. p. 26. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  65. 1 2 Salaverri 2005, p. 451
  66. 1 2 "Top 10 Sales in Europe: Denmark" (PDF). Music & Media. 11 (48): 22. November 26, 1994. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  67. "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. 11 (42): 20. October 15, 1994. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  68. 1 2 "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. 11 (50): 14. December 10, 1994. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  69. 1 2 "Madonna – Secret". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  70. 1 2 "ARIA Top 50 Singles for 1994". ARIA. Archived from the original on January 15, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
  71. 1 2 Ryan 2011, p. 73
  72. 1 2 "Madonna – Secret". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  73. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 O'Brien 2008, pp. 295–301
  74. Hunter, Karen (November 10, 1996). "Guess Who? Richard Elms Is The New Hunk At The Bus Stop". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  75. Fouz-Hernández & Jerman-Ivens 2004, pp. 65
  76. Miklitsch 1998, pp. 124
  77. Basham, David (October 8, 1999). "Madonna Offers Up New Video Compilation". MTV News. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
  78. Greenblatt, Leah (August 26, 2009). "Madonna's 'Celebration' track list revealed: Are the greatest hits all there?". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 16, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  79. "To Europe, With Love". Icon. 2 (5). 1995.
  80. 1 2 McAlley, John (June 22, 2001). "Reign In Spain". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  81. Pareles, Jon (July 27, 2001). "Pop Review; Sea of Self-Love, but Who's Drowning?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  82. Petridis, Alexis (July 5, 2001). "Madonna: Earl's Court Exhibition Centre, London". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  83. Dollar, Steve (July 25, 2001). "Madonna's Big Show". The Victoria Advocate. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2014.
  84. Cinquemani, Sal (September 10, 2001). "Madonna: Drowned World Tour Review". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
  85. Trust, Gary (October 9, 2001). "Madonna's 'Drowned' Comes To Home Video". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  86. Hernandez, Raoul (November 17, 2008). "Live to Tell". The Austin Chronicle. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  87. 1 2 Sblendorio, Peter (October 15, 2015). "Sean Penn, Amy Schumer sit up front at Madonna concert in Vancouver". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  88. Cosores, Philip (October 28, 2015). "Live Review: Madonna at Los Angeles' The Forum (10/27)". Consequence of Sound. Archived from the original on December 1, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  89. Chareunsy, Don (October 24, 2015). "Review + photos: For rebel heart Madonna, it's still good to be Queen of Pop". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on November 30, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  90. Raatgever, Stefan (December 6, 2015). "Madonna snoert critici de mond met popspektakel". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). Archived from the original on January 2, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  91. Ruggieri, Melissa (January 20, 2016). "Concert review: Madonna finally arrives in Atlanta - at nearly 11 p.m." The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  92. Conner, Shawn (October 15, 2015). "Review: Madonna concert kind of a blast at Rogers Arena". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  93. "Secret" (US CD maxi-single liner notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1994. 9 41772-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  94. "Secret by Madonna on Apple Music". Apple Music. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
  95. "Secret" (UK 7" Picture Disc liner notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1994. 5439-18031-7.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  96. "Secret" (UK cassette single sleeve). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1994. 5439-18031-4.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  97. "Secret" (European CD single liner notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1994. 9362-41785-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  98. "Secret" (UK CD single liner notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1995. 9362-41785-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  99. "Secret" (European "The Remixes" CD single liner notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1994. 9362-41806-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  100. "Secret" (UK 12" single liner notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1994. 9362-41785-0.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  101. "Secret" (Japanese CD "The Remixes" EP liner notes). Madonna. Warner Bros. 1994. WPCR-170.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  102. "Madonna – Secret" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  103. "Madonna – Secret" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  104. "CDs Mais Vendidos". O Dia (in Portuguese): 5. November 22, 1994. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  105. 1 2 Lwin, Nanda (2000). Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide. Music Data Canada. p. 173. ISBN 1-896594-13-1.
  106. "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2649." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  107. "Top RPM Dance/Urban: Issue 2689." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  108. "Adult Contemporary Europe: ACE Top 25" (PDF). Music & Media. November 5, 1994. p. 26. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 5, 2022. Retrieved May 27, 2022 via World Radio History.
  109. "European Dance Radio Top 25" (PDF). Music & Media. December 10, 1994. p. 22. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  110. "Week 46/94: EHR Top 40" (PDF). Music & Media. November 12, 1994. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved May 27, 2022 via World Radio History.
  111. Pennanen, Timo (2021). "Sisältää hitin: 1.1.1960 – 30.6.2021" (PDF) (in Finnish). Musiikkiarkisto. pp. 156–157. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved September 5, 2022.
  112. "Madonna – Secret" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
  113. "Íslenski Listinn Topp 40 (27.10.1994 – 02.11.1994)". Dagblaðið Vísir (in Icelandic). Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  114. "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Secret". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  115. "Nederlandse Top 40 – Madonna" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  116. "Madonna – Secret" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  117. "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
  118. "Madonna – Secret". Singles Top 100. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  119. "Official Dance Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
  120. "The RM Club Chart" (PDF). Music Week, in Record Mirror (Dance Update Supplemental Insert). November 26, 1994. p. 8. Retrieved May 20, 2023.
  121. "Madonna Chart History (Dance Singles Sales)". Billboard. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  122. "Madonna Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
  123. "Cash Box Top 100 Singles: November 5, 1994". Cash Box. Archived from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  124. "RPM Top 100 AC tracks of 1994". RPM. December 12, 1994. Archived from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  125. "1994 Year in Review" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 11, no. 52. December 24, 1994. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
  126. "Top Singles – 1994" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  127. "Árslistinn 1994". Dagblaðið Vísir (in Icelandic). January 2, 1995. p. 25. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  128. "Årslista Singlar, 1994" (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan. Archived from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  129. "Top 100 Singles 1994". Music Week. January 14, 1995. p. 9.
  130. "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1994 . TOP 50 POP SINGLES". Cash Box. December 31, 1994. Archived from the original on September 13, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  131. "1995 Year in Review" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 12, no. 52. December 23, 1994. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  132. "Top Singles – 1995" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  133. "The CASH BOX Year-End Charts: 1995 . TOP 50 POP SINGLES". Cash Box. December 30, 1995. Archived from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  134. Lwin, Nanda. "Top 100 singles of the 1990s". Jam!. Archived from the original on August 29, 2000. Retrieved March 26, 2022.

Bibliography

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.