Nei Lingding Island
Nei Lingding Island from Castle Peak, Hong Kong
Traditional Chinese內伶仃島
Simplified Chinese内伶仃岛
PostalLintin Island
Literal meaningInner Lonely Island
Opium ships at Lintin in 1824, by William John Huggins
A 19th-century German map shows "Lintin Island" in the middle of the Pearl River Estuary

Nei or Inner Lingding Island, formerly romanized as Lintin or Lin Tin Island, is an island in the Pearl River estuary in the southeastern Chinese province of Guangdong. Although it is located closer to the eastern (Hong Kong and Shenzhen) shore of the estuary, it was until 2009 administratively part of the prefecture-level city of Zhuhai, whose main administrative center is located on the west shore of the river. The jurisdiction of Nei Lingding Island was handed over to Shenzhen in 2009.[1]

History

In May 1513, the Portuguese explorer Jorge Álvares arrived at an island near the coast of China they called "Tamão".[4] This was the first contact of Europeans with China via the sea route around the Cape of Good Hope.[5] Tamão was fortified by Simão de Andrade and reclaimed by the Chinese during the expulsion of the Portuguese in the 1520s.[6] Western scholarship, following J. M. Braga, generally contends that this "Tamão" is Nei Lingding, the main island in the mouth of the Pearl River, 6 km off the coast of the mainland. Recent Chinese scholarship finds this identification to be insufficiently proven, however, and suggests a number of other potential islands including the nearby and far larger Lantau Island.[7]

As of 1814[8] Nei Lingding (then romanized as "Lintin") was called the "outer anchorage" for European ships traveling to Canton (Guangzhou). They would have to stop at the island, have their cargo inspected and measured by the Chinese customs officials stationed at the island, and pay customs duties. In 1821, when the Chinese government prohibited importation of opium into the country's ports, Lintin became a base for drug smugglers; hulks of old boats, anchored near the island, served as warehouses and depots where imported opium would be reloaded onto smaller boats to be smuggled into Guangzhou and other ports. Edmund Roberts visited the island in 1832, and noted that there were "seven to eight ships" smuggling opium, including American boats.[8] From the 1830s until the cession of Hong Kong in the 1840s, Lintin Island was the main base for British merchants in the Pearl River Delta area.[9][10] The island was also a stopping point during monsoon season for ship repair. Ships would stay on the island upwards of six months.[8]

Demographics

As of 1814, the population was estimated to be less than 60; in 1821, just under 2,000. When Edmund Roberts visited in 1832, he noted a population of approximately 5,000.[8]

Nature reserve

Since 1984,[11] a part of the island has been designated the "Neilingding Island and Futian (福田) Nature Reserve". The reserve covers 7.8 square kilometers (3.0 sq mi), including 4.5 square kilometers (1.7 sq mi) of land area and 3 square kilometers (1.2 sq mi) of mangrove forest, and was created to protect some 300 rhesus macaques and other animals, such as pangolins and pythons.[12]

See also

  • Wai Lingding Island ('Outer Lingding Island') lies some 40 kilometers (25 mi) to the southeast in the Wanshan Archipelago.

References

  1. ↑ (in Chinese) 内伶仃岛归属深圳市管辖 Archived 2009-09-29 at the Wayback Machine, sznews.com, 2009-09-26
  2. ↑ Braga, J. M. (1956), China Landfall 1513, Jorge Alvares Voyage to China, Macau: Imprensa Nacional, OCLC 10673337.
  3. ↑ Cultural Heritage Assessment
  4. ↑ Braga,[2] cited in Cultural Heritage Assessment[3]
  5. ↑ Construction of Lung Kwu Chau Jetty - Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment
  6. ↑ Pires, T.; Cortesão, A.; Rodrigues, F. (1990). The Suma oriental of Tome Pires, books 1-5. The Suma Oriental of Tome Pires: An Account of the East, from the Red Sea to Japan, Written in Malacca and India in 1512-1515, and the Book of Francisco Rodrigues, Rutter of a Voyage in the Red Sea, Nautical Rules, Almanack and Maps, Written and Drawn in the East Before 1515. Asian Educational Services. p. xxx. ISBN 978-81-206-0535-0. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  7. ↑ Jin, Guoping (2000). Xili dongjian : Zhong-Pu zaoqi jiechu zhuixi 西力東漸 : 中葡早期接觸追昔 (in Chinese). Macau: Macao Foundation. pp. 21–42. ISBN 9993710075.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Roberts, Edmund (1837). Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 69.
  9. ↑ "Shameen: A Colonial Heritage" Archived 2008-12-29 at the Wayback Machine, By Dr Howard M. Scott
  10. ↑ China in Maps - A Library Special Collection Archived 2008-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ Neilingding Island-Futian National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Archived 2009-04-12 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ NEILINGDING ISLAND AND FUTIAN NATURE RESERVE Archived 2005-02-18 at the Wayback Machine
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22°24′46″N 113°48′13″E / 22.41278°N 113.80361°E / 22.41278; 113.80361

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