5-ton 4x2 Tractor Truck (C. O. E.)
M426 Tractor truck
Type5-ton 4x2 Semi-tractor
Place of originUnited States
Production history
DesignerInternational Harvester
ManufacturerInternational, Kenworth
Marmon-Herrington
Produced1944-1945
No. builtM425: 4,640
M426: 10,978
Specifications (M426[1])
Mass11,963 lb (5,426 kg) (empty)
Length16 feet 8 inches (5.08 m)
Width8 feet 2 inches (2.49 m)
Height8 feet 11 inches (2.72 m)
EngineIHC RD 450D
125 hp (93 kW)
Transmission5 speed
SuspensionBeam axles on leaf springs
Operational
range
240 mi (386.2 km)
Maximum speed 38 mph (61 km/h)

The M425 and M426 Tractor trucks (G671) were 5 ton (4,536kg) load rated 4x2 semi-tractors that were used from 1944 on by the US Army. They are famous for the use on the Red Ball Express from Normandy to the front, but were also used in the China Burma India Theater. After the war they were used in Europe, including during the Berlin Crisis, and in the Korean War.

History

Designed and first manufactured by International Harvester, later Kenworth and Marmon-Herrington also built them. The official model number was 542, to which are added a prefix letter designating the manufacturer of the engine (thus 'H' from Harvester) and a suffix number relating to the tire size. The M426 was a heavier duty evolution of the M425. All model H-542-9 M425s were built by International, H542-11 M426s were built by all three companies. 1,200 M425s were upgraded to M426 standards.[2][3]

Engine and driveline

IHC Red Diamond 450D engine (cutaway view)

The engine in these vehicles was an International Red Diamond 450D, a 451 cu in (7.4 L) overhead valve inline 6 cylinder gasoline engine developing 125 hp (93 kW) at 2700 rpm.

The clutch was made by W.C. Lips, Model Z-32-S, and the transmission was an IHC Model F-54-D. This transmission had 5 forward and one reverse speed. The first speed was very low, fifth speed was direct. [1]

Chassis

M425 cab interior view

All models had a ladder frame with two axles on semi elliptical leaf springs. A set back front axle allowed a wheelbase of only 9 feet 9 inches (2.97 m), allowing a very short turn radius.

The M425 and M426 were general service load carriers, designed to haul load over roads, so they didn't need to be 4 x 4. The front axle was an I-beam, the rear was a double reduction full floating type. International used their own front and rear axles, Kenworth and Marmon-Herrington used Timkens.

Brakes were full air with drum brakes on all wheels. Trailer brakes could be used independently of the tractor. A disk type hand brake was mounted on the propeller shaft.

M425s had 9.00x20 size tires, while M426s had larger 11.00x20s with stronger springs and a slightly longer 10 metres (32.81 ft) wheelbase. All had dual rear tires. Except for the difference in the size of the tires, and some minor details, all types are mechanically identical.

All models were a cab over engine design with a military style open cab. [1][2][3]

Trailers

The M425 towed a 7-ton (6,350kg) load rated trailer 16 ft (4.9 m) long, the M426 a 10-ton (9,072kg) trailer 25 ft (7.6 m) long. Both had a single axle with dual rear tires, and a stake-and-platform body. [1][4][5]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "TM 9-812 5 ton 4x2 Tractor Truck (C.O.E.)". US War Dept. Mar 1944. Retrieved 30 Aug 2015.
  2. 1 2 Crismon, Fred W (2001). US Military Wheeled Vehicles (3 ed.). Victory WWII Pub. p. 165. ISBN 0-970056-71-0.
  3. 1 2 Doyle, David (2003). Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles]. Kraus Publications. pp. 174–178. ISBN 0-87349-508-X.
  4. ↑ "TM 9-882 7 ton semi-trailer, panel cargo". US War Dept. 11 Jun 1943. Retrieved 23 Aug 2015.
  5. ↑ "TM 9-892 10 ton payload 2 wheel stake and platform semitrailer". US War Dept. 22 Apr 1944. Retrieved 3 Aug 2015.
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